geranium oil africa

Geranium oil Africa is a type of essential oil extracted primarily from the stems of the bourbon geranium plant, scientifically classified as Pelargonium graveolens L. within the Geraniaceae family. It is known for its medium-strength fresh floral odor that carries a green, red rose, herbal, spicy, and powdery character at full concentration. The oil is also used to impart floral, spicy, herbal, rose, green, citrus, and woody flavor notes. This essential oil appears as a complex mixture of organic compounds and serves as a valued flavor and fragrance agent globally. Controlled vocabulary references to this material can be found under its PubChem entry. It is largely obtained through steam distillation from cultivated Pelargonium stems across regions in Africa.

Geranium oil Africa is derived from the natural occurrence of Pelargonium graveolens plants grown mainly in African regions, notably Algeria and surrounding countries. It is widely applied in flavor and fragrance formulations due to its distinctive floral and rose-like aroma profiles. This oil is valued in cosmetics as a perfuming agent and also finds use in aromatherapy products and personal care formulations. The use and handling of geranium oil are subject to regulatory frameworks such as IFRA (Global), which provides guidelines to manage sensitization potential and usage levels in fragrance concentrates. These standards support the safe and effective incorporation of this material in consumer products worldwide.

Geranium oil Africa exhibits a specific gravity ranging approximately from 0.886 to 0.898 at 25 °C, signifying a density slightly lower than water. Its refractive index lies between 1.464 and 1.472 at 20 °C, which influences its optical clarity and interaction with light in formulations. The oil demonstrates an optical rotation range from -7 to -13 degrees, indicating its chiral composition. The acid value peaks at 9.5 KOH/g, reflecting the amount of free acids and indicating mild acidity. It shows solubility in solvents like alcohol and dipropylene glycol but has very limited solubility in water, with an estimated 0.3194 mg/L at 25 °C. Geranium oil maintains stability across various cosmetic bases including creams, shampoos, lotions, and soaps without coloration changes, supporting its versatility in diverse product types.

FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
Export Tariff Code:	3301.21.0000
Typical G.C.
Wikipedia:	View
FAO:	BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

Safety information

European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. R 65 - Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S 62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Sensitization
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
citral	Max. Found: 0.5 % and Reason: Sensitization
laevo-citronellol	Max. Found: 33.00 % and Reason: Sensitization
geraniol	Max. Found: 17.00 % and Reason: Sensitization
citronellal	Max. Found: 0.15 % and Reason: Sensitization
Recommendation for geranium oil africa usage levels up to:
	8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.

Safety references

EPI System: View

ClinicalTrials.gov:search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):8000-46-2

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WGK Germany:2

pelargonium graveolens stem leaf oil

Chemidplus:0008000462