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spruce needle oil canada
Spruce needle oil Canada is an essential oil from Tsuga canadensis leaves with a medium woody odor, used primarily in flavor and fragrance formulations.
General Material Description
Spruce needle oil Canada is an essential oil obtained from the leaves of Tsuga canadensis, a species commonly known as Eastern hemlock. This oil is characterized by its medium-strength woody odor with herbal, terpenic, and amber facets. It is also identified by synonyms such as hemlock needle oil Canada, Canadian hemlock oil Canada, and Tsuga canadensis leaf oil Canada. Classified under the CAS number 8008-80-8 and registered with FEMA number 3034, this oil features prominently in flavor and fragrance applications. The oil's composition lends itself to a woody, herbal flavor profile complemented by green and minty notes, making it a valuable aromatic ingredient. Extraction typically employs steam distillation, yielding an oil that reflects the botanical characteristics of the source material. For detailed chemical data and classification, PubChem provides an authoritative reference on this natural product.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Spruce needle oil Canada naturally occurs in the leaves of the Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) found in North American forests. Its woody and herbal aromatic properties make it suitable for use as a flavoring and fragrance agent, aligned with standards such as FEMA (US). The oil replicates evergreen and forest notes, supporting applications in perfumery and flavorings that require natural coniferous profiles. It serves as a fir needle oil replacer and contributes to complex aroma blends featuring notes like balsam, cedarwood, and juniper. The oil finds use across multiple consumer product categories, including flavored goods and scented formulations, demonstrating versatility in enhancing sensory qualities. Its documented use levels and regulatory recognition underpin its acceptance in commercial manufacturing within permissible limits.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Spruce needle oil Canada exhibits a specific gravity ranging from 0.9 to 0.915 at 25 °C, with a refractive index near 1.467 at 20 °C. It shows an optical rotation between -26 and -18 degrees, indicative of its chiral constituents. The oil’s flash point is approximately 42 °C (108 °F), necessitating careful handling to minimize flammability risks. It has low vapor pressure (0.68 mmHg at 25 °C), affecting its evaporation and aroma release characteristics. While sparingly soluble in water, it dissolves readily in alcohol, facilitating its use in diverse solvent systems. The oil maintains a shelf life of 24 months or longer when stored in cool, dry, and light-protected conditions. These physico-chemical attributes influence formulation parameters, product stability, and performance in fragrance and flavor matrices.
FAQ
What is spruce needle oil Canada and what are its main characteristics?
Spruce needle oil Canada is an essential oil distilled from the leaves of Tsuga canadensis, also known as Eastern hemlock. It possesses a woody, herbal, and slightly minty aroma with medium intensity and lasting substantivity. The oil is used predominantly in flavor and fragrance applications due to its natural evergreen, fir-like scent profile. It is identified by the CAS number 8008-80-8 and recognized within flavor regulatory bodies such as FEMA. The oil's sensory complexity includes amber and terpenic notes that contribute to its aromatic versatility.
How is spruce needle oil Canada produced and in what applications is it used?
Spruce needle oil Canada is typically produced via steam distillation of the fresh or dried leaves of the Eastern hemlock. This extraction method preserves the characteristic woodsy and herbal aromatic compounds. The oil is mainly applied as a flavoring and fragrance agent, incorporated to impart evergreen and forest-like notes in perfumery and food flavor formulations. It is used to replace fir needle oil and enhance aromatic blends in products ranging from baked goods to confectionery and personal care items. The oil dissolves well in alcohol-based systems but has limited water solubility.
What safety and regulatory considerations apply to spruce needle oil Canada?
Spruce needle oil Canada is classified as a flammable substance with potential skin irritant effects, necessitating handling precautions. It bears hazard statements such as 'flammable liquid and vapor' and 'causes skin irritation,' and it is toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects, necessitating environmental considerations. Usage limits are established by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) and FEMA (US), with recommended maximum concentrations in fragrance concentrates commonly set at 10%. Proper storage in cool, ventilated, and light-protected conditions reduces degradation risk. It is listed in food and fragrance regulatory registries, recognizing it within controlled usage guidelines to ensure consumer safety.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
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| NCBI | Start search |
Other Information
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| Export Tariff Code: | 3301.29.6000 |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| FAO: | BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | spruce needle oil canada |
| Trivial Name | Oils, spruce |
| Short Description | tsuga canadensis leaf oil canada |
| CAS Number | 8008-80-8 |
| FEMA Number | 3034 |
| FDA UNII | Q1J49L1A5O |
| COE Number | 461 |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 8008-93-3 ; SPRUCE NEEDLES AND TWIGS, OIL (PICEA SPP.) |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 7.489 to 7.614 |
| Refractive Index | 1.467 to 1.4672 @ 20 °C |
| Optical Rotation | -26 to -18 |
| Acid Value | 2 max KOH/g |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.68 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 42.22 °C TCC |
| Shelf life | 24 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 7.061 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Woody | |
| fir needle, woody, thujonic, herbal, terpenic, aldehydic, amber | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | 24 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1988) | At 100.00 %. fir needle woody thujone herbal terpenic aldehydic amber |
| Flavor Type: Woody | |
| woody, herbal, green, aromatic, terpenic, thujonic, minty, amber | |
| Uebke, William tgsc, (1988) | Woody herbal green aromatic terpenic thujonic minty amber |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Armoise , Ash mountain ash , Balsam , Bark , Bayberry , Boxwood berry , Cajeput , Cedar , Cedar forest , Cedarwood , Christmas , Evergreen , Fern , Fir balsam , Fir needle oil replacer , Forest , Frankincense , Green , Herbal , Hollyberry , Incense , Ivy , Juniper , Juniper berry , Lavandin , Lavender , Moss , Niaouli , Pine , Pine forest , Pinion , Rosemary , Sage , Spruce , Sweet grass |
| Flavoring purposes | Cajeput |
Safety Information
Safety information
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xi - Irritant | |
| R 10 - Flammable. R 36 - Irritating to eyes. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 2), H411 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |    |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour H315 - Causes skin irritation H411 - Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P233 - Keep container tightly closed. P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. P242 - Use only non-sparking tools. P243 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P332 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use appropriate media to extinguish. P391 - Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P501 - Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 30, Pg. 117S, 1992. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 30, Pg. 117S, 1992. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for spruce needle oil canada usage levels up to: | |||
| 10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 2.00000 | 4.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 6.20000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | 44.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 15.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 15.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 1.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 11.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):8008-80-8 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 1197 |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| tsuga canadensis l. leaf oil |
| Chemidplus:0008008808 |