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styrax oil (liquidambar orientalis)

Styrax oil from Liquidambar orientalis is a balsamic essential oil used primarily as a flavor and fragrance agent, noted for its medium-strength balsamic odor.

General Material Description

Styrax oil (Liquidambar orientalis) is a natural essential oil derived from the exudate collected from the trunk of the Liquidambar orientalis tree, part of the Hamamelidaceae family. This balsamic oil is characterized by a medium-strength balsamic odor and flavor, described as warm and enduring. It is known by several synonyms including Liquidambar orientalis balsam oil, storax oil, and styrax EO vulcain. The oil is sourced primarily via extraction from the tree exudate and is documented in chemical databases such as PubChem. Its natural origin and distinctive aroma make it valuable in both traditional and modern perfumery and flavoring industries.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

Styrax oil naturally occurs in the exudate of the Liquidambar orientalis tree. In application, it serves predominantly as a flavor and fragrance agent, contributing balsamic notes to complex aromatic profiles. It blends harmoniously with floral and fresh scents like acacia, lilac, and rose and is used in renowned perfumes such as Amour-Amour, Chanel No. 5, and Vol de Nuit. The oil’s usage is governed under standards such as the IFRA (Global) Code of Practice, which provides guidelines ensuring safe incorporation in cosmetic and flavor products, particularly due to potential dermal sensitization risks.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

Styrax oil exhibits good solubility in alcohol, facilitating its integration into alcohol-based perfumes and flavor solutions, while it remains insoluble in water, which affects formulation strategies for aqueous products. Its balsamic odor shows substantive longevity, retaining presence for approximately 400 hours at full concentration. These characteristics make it suited for applications requiring persistent fragrance release and stable aroma profiles. Its chemical composition supports use as a fixative, enhancing the durability of complex scent compositions.

FAQ

What is styrax oil (Liquidambar orientalis)?
Styrax oil (Liquidambar orientalis) is an essential oil obtained from the exudate of the Liquidambar orientalis tree, recognized for its medium-strength balsamic odor and flavor. It is used primarily as a flavoring and fragrance agent in various aromatic products. The oil is identified by the CAS number 94891-27-7 and is also known as storax oil or Liquidambar orientalis balsam oil.
How and where is styrax oil (Liquidambar orientalis) used?
Styrax oil is extracted from the trunk exudate of Liquidambar orientalis and used mainly in perfumery and flavoring. It imparts balsamic notes to fragrances and can enhance floral accords such as rose, lilac, and violet. The oil is utilized in perfumery classics like Chanel No. 5 and is applied as a perfuming agent or flavor additive with specific formulation limits determined by international standards like IFRA (Global).
What safety and regulatory standards govern styrax oil (Liquidambar orientalis)?
Styrax oil is classified as an irritant under European hazard identification, requiring precautions such as avoiding eye and skin contact and using protective equipment during handling. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) provides detailed standards and usage restrictions to minimize dermal sensitization, including concentration limits in finished products. It is also recognized by regulatory bodies through identifiers like CAS 94891-27-7, and safety data is accessible via organizations such as the EPA and FDA.

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Other Information

FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
Export Tariff Code:3301.29.6000
Wikipedia:View
FAO:BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

General Material Information

Preferred name styrax oil (liquidambar orientalis)
Trivial Name Liquidambar orientalis, ext.
Short Description essential oil of the exudate obtained from the trunk of the styrax, liquidambar orientalis, hamamelidaceae
CAS Number 94891-27-7
ECHA Number 305-627-6
FDA UNII Search
FDA Mainterm 8024-01-9 ; STORAX OIL
Synonyms
  • essential oil of the exudate obtained from the trunk of the styrax, liquidambar orientalis, hamamelidaceae
  • liquidambar orientalis balsam oil
  • storax oil (liquidambar orientalis)
  • styrax EO vulcain
  • Liquidambar orientalis, ext.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Balsamic
balsamic, styrene
Odor strength medium
Substantivity 400 hour(s) at 100.00 %
General comment At 100.00 %. balsamic styrene
Flavor Type: Balsamic
storax
General comment Storax

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Dermal sensitization
IFRA fragrance material specification:
Crude gums of Liquidambar styraficula L. var. macrophylla or Liquidambar orientalis Mill. should not be used as fragrance ingredients: Only extracts or distillates (resinoids, absolutes and oils), prepared from exudations of Liquidambar styraciflua L. var. macrophylla or Liquidambar orientalis Mill., can be used.This recommendation is made in order to promote good manufacturing practice (GMP) for the use of styrax derivatives as fragrance ingredients. It is based on a wide variety of RIFM test data with gums, resinoids, absolutes and oils of American and Asian styrax (private communication to IFRA).
View the IFRA Standard
View IFRA Standards Library for complete information.
Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information.
IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%):
Category 1: Products applied to the lips
0.12 %
Category 2: Products applied to the axillae
0.034 %
Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
0.69 %
Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance
0.64 %
Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.16 %
Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.16 %
Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.16 %
Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
0.16 %
Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure
0.38 %
Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact
Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
1.30 %
Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
1.30 %
Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure
0.068 %
Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
1.30 %
Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact
Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products)
4.50 %
Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products
4.50 %
Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate
Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
2.50 %
Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
2.50 %
Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
No Restriction
Notes:
IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS:

Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.

Safety references

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
SCCNFP:opinion
WGK Germany:1
liquidambar orientalis balsam oil
Chemidplus:0094891277