lemongrass oil

General Material Information

Preferred name	lemongrass oil
Trivial Name	Lemongrass oil
Short Description	cymbopogon citratus dc and cymbopogon flexuosus oil
CAS Number	8007-02-1
Deleted CAS Number	8055-93-4
FEMA Number	2624
FDA UNII	5BIA40E9ED
MDL	MFCD00147429
FDA Patent	No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm	8007-02-1 ; LEMON GRASS, OIL (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS DC. AND CYMBOPOGON FLEXUOSUSSTAPF)
Synonyms	cymbopogon citratus dc and cymbopogon flexuosus oil lemon grass oil lemongrass citratus type oil organic lemongrass EO lemongrass ess. oil (for fragrance) (Robertet) lemongrass essential oil lemongrass flexuosus type oil organic lemongrass oil (cymbopogon flexuosus clone) (geranyl acetate 85%) lemongrass oil E.I. lemongrass oil e.i. rectified lemongrass oil east indian lemongrass oil east indian FCC lemongrass oil india lemongrass oil indian lemongrass oil natural lemongrass oil south africa / malawi organic lemongrass oil, east indian indian melissa oil (cymbopogon citratus dc and cymbopogon flexuosus) oil lemongrass rectified (special flexuosus clone)(natural geranyl acetate 85%) indian verbena oil (cymbopogon citratus dc and cymbopogon flexuosus) Oils, lemongrass Essential oils, lemongrass Oils, essential, lemongrass Indian oil of verbena Oil of lemon grass Oils, lemon grass Ropel Plant Protect R Lemongrass oils Cymbopogon flexuosus oil GreenMatch EX Indian melissa oil

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

	cymbopogon citratus dc and cymbopogon flexuosus oil
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	8007-02-1
Pubchem (sid):	135327440

Publications by PubMed
Essential oils with insecticidal activity against larvae of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
Inhibitory effect of essential oils against Trichosporon ovoides causing Piedra Hair Infection.
Screening of some essential oils against Trichosporon species.
Comparative study of thermal properties of bio-coal from aromatic spent with low rank sub-bituminous coals.
Larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti of essential oils from northeast Brazil.
The anti-biofilm activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) essential oils against five strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
Ultra-low level optical detection of mercuric ions using biogenic gold nanotriangles.
Phytostabilisation potential of lemon grass (Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Stend) Wats) on iron ore tailings.
Alleviation of salt stress in lemongrass by salicylic acid.
Proline accumulation in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus Stapf.) due to heavy metal stress.
Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (penz.) Sacc. In yellow passion fruit using Cymbopogon citratus essential oil.
Geranyl acetate esterase controls and regulates the level of geraniol in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus Nees ex Steud.) mutant cv. GRL-1 leaves.
Anticancer activity of an essential oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus.
An essential oil and its major constituent isointermedeol induce apoptosis by increased expression of mitochondrial cytochrome c and apical death receptors in human leukaemia HL-60 cells.
Authenticity control of essential oils containing citronellal and citral by chiral and stable-isotope gas-chromatographic analysis.
Role of halide ions and temperature on the morphology of biologically synthesized gold nanotriangles.
The inhibition of Candida albicans by selected essential oils and their major components.
Comparison of extraction methods for marker compounds in the essential oil of lemon grass by GC.
Rapid propagation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees) Wats.) through somatic embryogenesis in vitro.
Chemical Features and Productivity of a Geraniol-Rich Variety (GRL-1) of Cymbopogon flexuosus*.
Effect of Leaf Position and Age on the Essential Oil Quantity and Quality in Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus)1.
Photosynthetic rates of citronella and lemongrass.
Carbon dioxide compensation values in citronella and lemongrass.
[Microscopical study of the leaves of Cymbopogon flexuosus Stapf (lemon grass)].
Publications by J-Stage
Encapsulation of Citral Isomers in Extracted Lemongrass Oil with Cyclodextrins: Molecular Modeling and Physicochemical Characterizations

Other Information

FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
Export Tariff Code:	3301.29.6000
Typical G.C.
Wikipedia:	View
FAO:	BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

Suppliers

Absolute Cosmetic Essentials	Ambles Nature et Chimie
Anhui Haibei	Aromatic and Allied Chemicals
Arora Aromatics	Artiste
Asean Aromatics	Augustus Oils
Berjé	BOC Sciences
Camden-Grey Essential Oils	Charabot
Charkit Chemical	Creatingperfume.com
De Monchy Aromatics	Diffusions Aromatiques
Elixens America	Ernesto Ventós
Excellentia International	F. P. Aromatics Singapore
Fine Fragrances Pvt Ltd	Fleurchem
Frey + Lau	Gem Aromatics
George Uhe Company	Global Essence
Golden Frog Trading Manufacturing	HDDES Group
Hermitage Oils	Indenta Group
India Essential Oils	Indo World Trading
Indukern F&F	Jiangyin Healthway
K.L. Koh Enterprise	Kalsec
Kanta Enterprises	Lionel Hitchen
Lluch Essence	M&U International
Minerva Flavours and Fragrances	Natural & Essential Oils
Noble Molecular Research	OQEMA
Payand Betrand	Pell Wall Perfumes
Penta International	PerfumersWorld
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils	Plant Lipids
Quimdis	R C Treatt & Co Ltd
Reincke & Fichtner	Robertet
Sigma-Aldrich	Silverline Chemicals
Som Extracts	Synerzine
Synthite Industries	Taytonn ASCC
The Lebermuth Company	The Lermond Company
The Perfumers Apprentice	The Perfumery
Ultra International	Vigon International
Zanos	Augustus Oils Ltd
Berje Inc.	Charkit Chemical Corporation
Elixens America, Inc.	Fleurchem, Inc.
Global Essence Inc.	Hermitage Oils / Neroli S.R.L.
Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division	Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd
Lluch Essence S.L.	M&U International LLC
Penta International Corporation	PerfumersWorld Ltd.
Robertet, Inc.	Synerzine, Inc.
Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd	R C Treatt and Co Ltd
Ultra International Limited	Ernesto Ventós S.A.
Zanos Ltd.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex	No
Specific gravity	@ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon	7.381 to 7.481
Refractive Index	1.478 to 1.497 @ 20 °C
Vapor Pressure	0.07 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value	91.67 °C TCC
Shelf life	24 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes	Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
alcohol	Yes
paraffin oil, slightly coudy	Yes
water, 84.71 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)	Yes
Stability
bath foam	Unspecified
powder	Unspecified
shampoo	Unspecified
soap	Unspecified

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Citrus
fresh, sweet, lemon, grassy, green, bois de rose, tomato leaf, floral, citrus
Odor strength	medium
Substantivity	92 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Luebke, William tgsc, (1986)	At 100.00 %. fresh sweet lemon grassy green bois de rose tomato leaf
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 20, No. 6, 49, (1995)	Lemon, green, citral, floral, linalool and citrus-like
Flavor Type: Citrus
green, citrus, lemon, floral, bois de rose, spicy, chamomile
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 20, No. 6, 49, (1995)	At 0.25 ppm. Green, citrus, lemon, floral, linalool, spice and chamomile-like

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications	flavor and fragrance agents
Odor purposes	Alpine bouquet, Amber, Ambrene, Apple blossom, Apple green apple, Balsam, Bergamot, Bouquet, Cedrat, Cherry, Chypre, Citrus, Cologne, Colonia, Fir needle oil replacer, Floral, Herbal, Hovenia, Lemon, Lime, Linden flower, Lotus, Lychee, Mandarin, Millefleurs, Mimosa, Opoponax, Orange, Peach, Rose dog rose, Spring rain, Strawberry, Verbena, Woody, Yew
Flavoring purposes	Candy
Other purposes	Baisers du printemps, Grass, Huile de mille fleurs, Presence, Scandal, Shalimar, Tabu, Vol de nuit, West end
Cosmetic purposes	Fragrance, Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Flammable liquids (Category 4), H227 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), Respiratory system, H335
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Signal word	Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H227 - Combustible liquid H315 - Causes skin irritation H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H335 - May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P271 - Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302 + P352 - IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P304 + P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P312 - Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. P332 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P403 + P233 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P405 - Store locked up. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 14, Pg. 457, 1976.
Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 14, Pg. 457, 1976.
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Sensitization
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
citral	Max. Found: 73.00 % and Reason: Sensitization
eugenol	Max. Found: 0.2 % and Reason: Sensitization
citronellol	Max. Found: 0.6 % and Reason: Sensitization
geraniol	Max. Found: 3.8 % and Reason: Sensitization
isoeugenol	Max. Found: 0.5 % and Reason: Sensitization
(E)-isocitral	Max. Found: 1.00 % and Reason: Sensitization
(Z)-isocitral	Max. Found: 0.8 % and Reason: Sensitization
citronellal	Max. Found: 0.7 % and Reason: Sensitization
Recommendation for lemongrass oil usage levels up to:
	10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.

Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	38.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	4.40000
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		-	220.00000
condiments / relishes:		-	-
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	9.20000
fruit ices:		-	9.20000
gelatins / puddings:		-	290.00000
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		-	38.00000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		-	-
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	290.00000
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-