bergamot oil terpenes

Bergamot oil terpenes comprise a complex mixture of terpenes and terpenoids primarily obtained from the peel oil of the bergamot orange (Citrus x bergamia). These volatile compounds contribute a distinctly floral and citrusy odor profile commonly employed in perfumery and flavoring contexts. This material is alternatively known under synonyms like "citrus aurantium bergamia peel oil terpenes" or simply "bergamot terpenes." Their chemical composition aligns with typical citrus peel oils rich in monoterpenes. As a natural extract, bergamot oil terpenes are derived through cold-pressing and steam distillation of bergamot fruit peels. More detailed chemical data is cataloged in sources such as PubChem. These terpenes serve as a key aroma source in fragrance and flavor industries, valued for their refreshing and floral notes.

Bergamot oil terpenes naturally occur in the peel of the bergamot fruit, a citrus hybrid cultivated mainly in the Mediterranean region. Their applications focus principally on use as fragrance agents in perfumes, colognes, and personal care products. According to IFRA (Global) guidelines, the use concentration of bergamot oil terpenes in fragrance formulations has specified limits to manage phototoxicity risks associated with compounds like bergapten. Besides perfumery, these terpenes are applied as odorants to emulate various citrus and floral notes such as lemon, mandarin, orange, and verbena, serving as replacements or enhancers in formulations. They also have limited application in flavoring, notably to mimic citrus peels and related nuances, although they are not generally recommended for flavor use due to regulatory constraints.

Bergamot oil terpenes exhibit a specific gravity ranging from 0.84 to 0.86 at 25 °C and a refractive index between 1.469 and 1.473 at 20 °C. The flash point temperature measured by the Tag Closed Cup method is approximately 43 °C, indicating moderate flammability precautions are necessary during handling. The terpenes demonstrate solubility in alcohol, fixed oils, and mineral oil, but show limited solubility in water. Their shelf life is generally around 12 months when stored in cool, dry conditions with containers sealed and protected from heat and light. These physico-chemical characteristics influence their stability, blending behavior, and suitability for incorporation into various fragrance matrices and carrier systems.

Export Tariff Code:	3301.11.0000
Wikipedia:	View
FAO:	BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Dermal sensitization and systemic toxicity
IFRA fragrance material specification:
	Where the bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) content of all relevant oils present in a compound has been determined, it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, the total level of bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product. Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply. In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100.
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
citral	Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization
Recommendation for bergamot oil terpenes usage levels up to:
	10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Recommendation for bergamot oil terpenes flavor usage levels up to:
	not for flavor use.

Safety references

EPI System: View

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):68917-80-6

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WISER:UN 2319

citrus × bergamia peel oil terpenes

Chemidplus:0068917806