cubeb oil CO2 extract (piper cubeba)

Cubeb oil CO2 extract is a natural essential oil obtained via supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from the dried fruit of the Piper cubeba plant. This oil is characterized by a distinctive spicy, woody, and peppery aroma with subtle citrus and herbal nuances. Known by synonyms such as piper cubeba fruit oil CO2 extract and oil of cubeb, it represents an important flavor and fragrance material. The oil is typically a dark liquid with solvent-extracted components that preserve its complex aromatic profile. As an essential extract, it is linked in public chemical databases like PubChem and is sourced primarily from cubeb plants grown in tropical regions where the fruit is harvested for medicinal and aromatic purposes.

Cubeb oil CO2 extract originates from the dried berries of the cubeb plant, Piper cubeba, a climbing vine native to tropical Asia. The oil is commonly used as both a flavor and fragrance agent due to its uniquely spicy, woody, and peppery sensory profile, supplemented by hints of citrus and herbal notes. It finds application in flavoring alcoholic beverages such as gin, imparting complexity and warmth. Additionally, it is used in the formulation of cordials and various perfumes, aligning with standards set by FEMA (US) for flavoring substances and IFRA (Global) guidelines to ensure safe usage levels in consumer products.

Cubeb oil CO2 extract exhibits moderate solubility in water, approximately 4.581 mg/L at 25 °C, which reflects its partial hydrophilicity attributable to its constituent terpene and aromatic compounds. This solubility influences its dispersal and formulation in flavor and fragrance systems, enabling effective integration in both aqueous and oily matrices. Its chemical profile imparts a complex spicy and woody aroma, making the oil useful in products where a warm, peppery note is desired. The physical properties, including the oil’s volatility and aroma intensity, support its use at low concentration levels consistent with safety regulations. The CO2 extraction process helps preserve heat-sensitive aromatic compounds, enhancing its olfactory characteristics relative to other extraction methods.

Export Tariff Code:	1302.19.0000
FAO:	BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for cubeb oil CO2 extract (piper cubeba) usage levels up to:
	1.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	4.60000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	2.40000
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		-	-
condiments / relishes:		-	33.00000
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	0.25000
fruit ices:		-	0.25000
gelatins / puddings:		-	-
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		-	1.80000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		25.00000	30.00000
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	-
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

EPI System: View

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):8007-87-2

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

piper cubeba l. fruit oil CO2 extract

Chemidplus:0008007872