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piper longum fruit oil

Piper longum fruit oil is an essential oil extracted from long pepper fruit, known for its warm, spicy, woody, and citrusy aroma used in flavors and fragrances.

General Material Description

Piper longum fruit oil is a natural essential oil obtained by distillation from the fruit of Piper longum, commonly known as long pepper. It is classified as a plant-derived spice oil with a characteristic warm and spicy aroma that includes woody and lemon-like cineole notes. The oil is referenced under several synonyms, including longpepper oil and bengal pepper oil, and is indexed in chemical databases like PubChem. Its sensory profile makes it valuable in flavor and fragrance applications, providing a peppery and spicy flavor rather than heat. The oil is often harvested from the dried fruit of the long pepper plant, which grows in various tropical regions and has a longstanding use in culinary and aromatic traditions.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

Piper longum fruit oil naturally occurs in the dried fruits of the Piper longum plant, a vine native to parts of South and Southeast Asia. This oil is primarily used as a flavor and fragrance agent, imparting spicy and woody notes to food products, perfumes, and aromatherapy formulations. The oil's chemical profile allows it to enhance warm and citrusy qualities in blends. It is recognized and regulated under standards like FEMA (US), which evaluates its suitability as a flavoring substance. Its versatility in sensory applications supports its use in various consumer goods, including foods, beverages, cosmetics, and household products.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

Piper longum fruit oil is characterized by a complex composition featuring cineole and other volatile compounds that confer its warm, spicy, and lemony woody scent. The oil is typically a liquid at room temperature with moderate volatility, facilitating its blending in formulations. Its chemical stability under standard storage conditions supports its shelf life in flavor and fragrance products. The sensory intensity and solubility influence its application concentrations, while the presence of active constituents dictates compatibility with other ingredients. These physical and chemical properties make it suitable for incorporation in both aqueous and oil-based systems, enhancing the aromatic and flavor profiles.

FAQ

What is piper longum fruit oil and how is it obtained?
Piper longum fruit oil is an essential oil extracted from the dried fruit of the long pepper plant, Piper longum. It is typically obtained by steam distillation or hydrodistillation methods applied to the long pepper fruits. The oil contains a blend of compounds responsible for its characteristic warm, spicy, woody, and citrusy aroma, commonly used in flavor and fragrance industries.
Where does piper longum fruit oil occur naturally and what are its primary uses?
This oil naturally occurs in the fruits of the Piper longum plant, which is native to regions of South and Southeast Asia. Piper longum fruit oil is utilized mainly as a flavoring agent and a fragrance ingredient. Its spicy and woody notes are employed in food flavorings, perfumes, and aromatic products, providing distinctive sensory characteristics to various formulations.
What safety and regulatory considerations apply to piper longum fruit oil?
Piper longum fruit oil is classified without any specific hazard according to OSHA HCS standards. It is assessed for safety under fragrance material guidelines, such as those from RIFM, and adheres to the IFRA Code of Practice (Global) for fragrance use. The oil is registered under REACH (EU) with an EINECS number and is recognized by FDA for certain uses. Safety data indicate that toxicity profiles have not been fully determined, so formulations typically consider established guidelines and concentration limits.

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

piper longum l. oil
Pubchem (sid):135350173
Publications by PubMed
Antiinflammatory Activity of Piper longum Fruit Oil.

Other Information

Export Tariff Code:3301.29.6000
Wikipedia:View
FAO:BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

General Material Information

Preferred name piper longum fruit oil
Trivial Name Pepper (Piper), P. longum, ext.
Short Description long pepper oil
CAS Number 90082-60-3
ECHA Number 290-150-5
FDA UNII Search
FDA Mainterm 90082-60-3 ; PIPER LONGUM DISTILLATE
Synonyms
  • longpepper oil
  • bengal pepper oil
  • long pepper oil
  • piper longum l. oil
  • Pepper (Piper), P. longum, ext.
  • Pepper (Piper), P. longum, distillate
  • Piper longum distillate

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Spicy
warm, spicy, woody, eucalyptus, lemon
General comment At 100.00 %. warm spicy woody cineole lemon
Flavor Type: Spicy
peppery
General comment Peppery

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice

Safety references

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
piper longum l. oil
Chemidplus:0090082603