pinus palustris needle oil

Pinus palustris needle oil is a volatile essential oil extracted by steam distillation from the needles of the swamp pine tree, Pinus palustris, part of the Pinaceae family. This oil exhibits a characteristic pine odor, often described as fresh and woody, which is typical for essential oils derived from pine needles. Synonyms include georgia pine needle oil, long-leaf pine needle oil, and southern pine needle oil. It is widely recognized as Pine oil in various applications. The chemical nature and sensory profile of this oil make it a valued material in fragrance formulation. For detailed chemical information, see its entry in PubChem. The oil is primarily sourced from distillation of longleaf pine needles native to southeastern United States forests.

Pinus palustris needle oil occurs naturally in the needles of the longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, which thrives in swampy or moist forested areas. This oil is predominantly used as a fragrance agent in perfumery and flavoring industries, valued for its distinct pine aroma. While not recommended for flavor use at current standards, it has been applied in traditional contexts for respiratory support such as bronchitis. The oil falls under fragrance regulatory guidelines such as those established by IFRA (Global), which include specifications for peroxide levels to ensure product stability. Its use in formulations requires adherence to these standards to maintain safe and effective sensory characteristics.

Pinus palustris needle oil is a hydrophobic volatile oil soluble in alcohol but insoluble in water, consistent with many essential oils rich in terpenoids and resinous components. These solubility characteristics influence its formulation in perfumery and other applications, favoring alcohol-based solvents for stable solutions and uniform aroma release. The oil’s composition imparts characteristic pine odor notes and contributes to its usability as a fragrance ingredient. Physical properties such as volatility and chemical stability depend on storage conditions, with peroxide value management important to prevent degradation, as recommended by IFRA standards.

	pinus palustris needle oil
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	8002-09-3
Pubchem (sid):	135279345

FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:	View
Wikipedia:	View
FAO:	BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 3200 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 21, Pg. 875, 1983. oral-man TDLo 4700 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: HEADACHE Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 49, Pg. 73, 1981.
Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 21, Pg. 875, 1983.
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Dermal sensitization
IFRA Other Specification:
IFRA fragrance material specification:
	Essential oils (e.g. turpentine oil) and isolates (e.g. delta-3-carene) derived from the Pinacea family, including Pinus and Abies genera, should only be used when the level of peroxides is kept to the lowest practicable level, for instance by adding antioxidants at the time of production. Such products should have a peroxide value of less than 10 millimoles peroxide per liter, determined according to the FMA method, which can be downloaded from the IFRA website (see Analytical Methods).
	View the IFRA Standard
Recommendation for pinus palustris needle oil flavor usage levels up to:
	not for flavor use.

Safety references

EPI System: View

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):8002-09-3

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

SCCNFP:opinion

pinus palustris needle oil

Chemidplus:0008002093

EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials