lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced

Lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced, also known under synonyms such as citrus limon peel oil c.p. (furo coumarin reduced) and lemon oil (furo coumarin reduced), is an essential oil extracted from the peel of Citrus limon. This oil exhibits a medium-strength, fresh citrus odor characterized by lemon peel, aldehydic, and terpenic notes, alongside a tart, aromatic, and candy-like flavor profile. The oil is typically colorless due to the reduction of furocoumarins, compounds associated with phototoxicity. It is sourced primarily through steam distillation of lemon peels. The material is cataloged under chemical identifiers including CAS number 68916-89-2 and FEMA number 2625. For further chemical data, see the PubChem entry. The reduced furocoumarin content improves its safety profile for use in formulations requiring phototoxicity mitigation.

Lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced occurs naturally in the peels of Citrus limon fruit. It is valued both for its characteristic citrus aroma and flavor and its improved safety due to low levels of phototoxic furocoumarins. Under standards such as FEMA (US), this oil is deemed suitable for use as a flavor and fragrance agent. Its applications encompass incorporation in products to impart citrus notes, including candy flavorings and perfumery components that blend well with accords like amber, bergamot, floral, and woody elements. It also serves as a substitute for oils like fir needle oil, extending versatility in fragrance compositions. The reduced phototoxic compound levels render it preferable in skin-contact products where UV exposure might be a concern.

Lemon oil c.p. furocoumarin reduced manifests a specific gravity range of 0.842 to 0.85 at 25 °C and a refractive index between 1.47 and 1.476 at 20 °C, reflecting its density and optical properties which influence formulation behavior. It has a relatively low vapor pressure of 0.95 mmHg at 25 °C, indicating moderate volatility. The flash point is approximately 114 °F (46 °C), categorizing it as a flammable liquid requiring careful handling. The oil dissolves readily in alcohol and paraffin oil, but exhibits very limited solubility in water and is not soluble in propylene glycol. For optimal preservation, it should be stored in cool, dry conditions within tightly sealed containers, preferably under nitrogen to reduce oxidation and maintain shelf life, generally about 12 months or longer depending on storage.

	citrus limon l. burm. f. peel oil c.p. (furo coumarin reduced)
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	68916-89-2
Pubchem (sid):	135273201

FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
Export Tariff Code:	3301.13.0000
Wikipedia:	View
EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:	Read Report
EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:	Read Report
EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food:	Read Report
FAO:	BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

Safety information

European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn N - Harmful, Dangerous for the environment.
R 10 - Flammable. R 38 - Irritating to skin. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. R 50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R 65 - Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet. S 62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour
Precautionary statement(s)
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P233 - Keep container tightly closed. P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. P242 - Use only non-sparking tools. P243 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 2840 mg/kg PHARAT 14,435,1959
Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg FCTXAV 12,725,1974
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Phototoxicity
IFRA fragrance material specification:
	Where the bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) content of all relevant oils present in a compound has been determined, it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, the total level of bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product. Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply. In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100.
contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only)
geraniol	Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization
citral	Max. Found: 2.1 % and Reason: Sensitization
7-methoxycoumarin	Max. Found: 0.05 % and Reason: Sensitization, photosensitization
citronellal	Max. Found: 0.1 % and Reason: Sensitization
	View the IFRA Standard
View IFRA Standards Library for complete information.
Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information.
IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%):
Category 1: Products applied to the lips
2.0 %
Category 2: Products applied to the axillae
2.0 %
Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
2.0 %
Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance
2.0 %
	Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
2.0 %
Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
2.0 %
Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
2.0 %
Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
2.0 %
Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure
2.0 %
	Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact
Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
No Restriction %
Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
2.0 %
Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure
2.0 %
Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
No Restriction %
	Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact
Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products)
No Restriction %
Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products
2.0 %
	Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate
Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
No Restriction %
Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
2.0 %
Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
No Restriction
	Notes:
IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS:
Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	580.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	230.00000
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	140.00000
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		-	1900.00000
condiments / relishes:		10.00000	80.00000
confectionery froastings:		65.00000	600.00000
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	380.00000
fruit ices:		-	380.00000
gelatins / puddings:		-	340.00000
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		-	1100.00000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		25.00000	40.00000
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	-
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of expressed lemon oil and its fractions from Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck and of lime oil from Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl) View page or View pdf

Outcome of the consultation with Member States and EFSA on the basic substance application for approval of lemon essential oil to be used in plant protection as an acaricide, insecticide and fungicide in fruit trees (citrus) View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):68916-89-2

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WISER:UN 2319

WGK Germany:3

citrus limon l. burm. f. peel oil c.p. (furo coumarin reduced)

Chemidplus:0068916892

RTECS:OG8300000 for cas# 68916-89-2