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lime peel water

Lime peel water is an aqueous solution obtained by steam distillation of Citrus aurantifolia peel, exhibiting a characteristic citrus odor and flavor used in fragrances and flavorings.

General Material Description

Lime peel water is an aqueous solution derived from the steam distillation of the peel of the lime fruit, Citrus aurantifolia, part of the Rutaceae family. It exhibits a citrus odor and flavor characteristic of lime, which makes it useful in various flavor and fragrance formulations. Known synonyms include Citrus aurantifolia swingle peel water and Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), ext. This material is water-soluble and it is typically obtained by processing the fresh peel through steam distillation, concentrating the volatile components responsible for its sensory profile. For detailed chemical information, refer to its entry on PubChem. Lime peel water is commonly incorporated into cosmetic and flavor products as a natural source of citrus notes.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

Lime peel water occurs naturally as an extract from the peel of Citrus aurantifolia, a widely cultivated lime variety. This extract is employed primarily in cosmetic products for its fresh citrus fragrance as well as in flavor formulations to impart a natural lime flavor. It aligns with the IFRA (Global) standards for fragrance materials, which provide guidelines on usage levels to ensure safety, particularly considering the potential for phototoxic effects due to minor constituents such as bergapten. The material's use in perfumes, personal care products, and food flavorings leverages its characteristic aromatic profile and solubility in aqueous formulations, making it a versatile ingredient in both flavor and fragrance industries.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

Lime peel water is an aqueous extract resulting from steam distillation of lime peel, rendering it fully soluble in water. Its main sensory attributes include a pronounced citrus odor and flavor reminiscent of fresh lime. The solubility in water facilitates its incorporation into hydrophilic formulations, enhancing fragrance and flavor without the need for organic solvents. Its composition includes volatile constituents typical of citrus peel oils; however, unlike an essential oil, this steam-distilled water contains diluted amounts suited for aqueous use. The presence of phototoxic compounds such as bergapten is considered in formulation to comply with IFRA restrictions, ensuring safe exposure levels when applied in products.

FAQ

What is lime peel water and how is it obtained?
Lime peel water is an aqueous solution derived from the steam distillation of the peel of the lime fruit, Citrus aurantifolia. The process involves passing steam through fresh lime peel, which volatilizes aromatic compounds. These vapors are condensed to yield a water-based distillate containing water-soluble and volatile constituents imparting the characteristic citrus scent and flavor. This extract serves as a source of natural lime essence in various applications.
In what products and applications is lime peel water commonly used?
Lime peel water finds extensive use in cosmetic products as a fragrance ingredient, providing fresh citrus notes to perfumes, lotions, and personal care items. It is also utilized as a flavoring agent in food and beverage products to impart a natural lime flavor. Its water solubility allows formulation into aqueous systems such as toners and flavor syrups. Formulators adhere to guidelines such as those issued by IFRA (Global) to balance sensory benefits with product safety.
What safety considerations and regulations apply to lime peel water?
Lime peel water is subject to regulations including those from IFRA (Global), which restrict use levels due to phototoxic components like bergapten present in citrus-derived extracts. These guidelines limit the concentration in products applied to skin areas exposed to sunlight to minimize photosensitivity risks. No specific hazard classifications under OSHA (US) are assigned to lime peel water, but formulators reference safety assessments such as those by RIFM and regulatory inventories like ECHA and FDA to ensure compliant use. Proper consideration of these parameters is essential for responsible application.

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

citrus aurantifolia swingle peel water
Canada Domestic Sub. List:90063-52-8
Pubchem (sid):135327615
Publications by PubMed
Investigation on antibacterial and antioxidant activities, phenolic and flavonoid contents of some thai edible plants as an alternative for antibiotics.
The Paleobiosphere: a novel device for the in vivo testing of hydrocarbon producing-utilizing microorganisms.
Assessing the efficacy of citrus aurantifolia extract on smear layer removal with scanning electron microscope.
Purifying drinking water with sun, salt, and limes.
Ephedra alte (joint pine): an invasive, problematic weedy species in forestry and fruit tree orchards in Jordan.
Using limes and synthetic psoralens to enhance solar disinfection of water (SODIS): a laboratory evaluation with norovirus, Escherichia coli, and MS2.
As (V) biosorption in an aqueous solution using chemically treated lemon (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) residues.
HPLC determination of hesperidin, diosmin and eriocitrin in Iranian lime juice using polyamide as an adsorbent for solid phase extraction.
Antibacterial activity of natural spices on multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli isolated from drinking water, Bangladesh.
Fluoride content in bottled drinking waters, carbonated soft drinks and fruit juices in Davangere city, India.
[Intestinal absorption properties of flavones and extract of fructus aurantii immaturus in rats].
Effect of the juice of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) on estrous cycle and ovulation of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Bioactive compounds from Mexican lime ( Citrus aurantifolia ) juice induce apoptosis in human pancreatic cells.
Six-day randomized safety trial of intravaginal lime juice.
Leaves of Citrus aurantifolia exhibit a different sensibility to solar UV-B radiation according to development stage in relation to photosynthetic pigments and UV-B absorbing compounds production.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in chronically petroleum-contaminated soils in Mexico and the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on spore germination.
Lime juice as a candidate microbicide? An open-label safety trial of 10% and 20% lime juice used vaginally.
Use of lemon or lime juice douches in women in Jos, Nigeria.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of different parts of Citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally.
Optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of intermediate oily seeds: Citrus as a case study.
Cryopreservation of Citrus aurantifolia seeds and embryonic axes using a desiccation protocol.
Efficacy of some nupe medicinal plants against Salmonella typhi: an in vitro study.

Other Information

Wikipedia:View
FAO:BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

General Material Information

Preferred name lime peel water
Trivial Name Citrus aurantiifolia, ext.
Short Description aqueous solution of the steam distillates obtained from the peel of the lime, citrus aurantifolia, rutaceae
CAS Number 90063-52-8
ECHA Number 290-010-3
FDA UNII Search
Synonyms
  • aqueous solution of the steam distillates obtained from the peel of the lime, citrus aurantifolia, rutaceae
  • citrus aurantifolia swingle peel water
  • citrus aurantiifolia swingle peel water
  • Citrus aurantiifolia, ext.
  • Lime (Citrus aurantifolia), ext.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Solubility
water Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Citrus
lime
General comment At 100.00 %. lime
Flavor Type: Citrus
lime
General comment Lime

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Phototoxicity
IFRA fragrance material specification:
Where the bergapten (5-methoxypsoralen) content of all relevant oils present in a compound has been determined, it is recommended that for applications on areas of skin exposed to sunshine, excluding bath preparations, soaps and other products which are washed off the skin, the total level of bergapten in the consumer products should not exceed 0.0015% (15 ppm). This is equivalent to 0.0075% (75 ppm) in a fragrance compound used at 20% in the consumer product. Where the level of bergapten has not been determined by appropriate methods, the limits specified in the guidelines on individual oils should apply. In those cases, where such oils are used in combination with other phototoxic ingredients, the additive effect has to be taken into consideration and the use levels have to be reduced accordingly. The sum of the concentrations of all phototoxic fragrance ingredients, expressed in % of their recommended maximum level in the consumer product, shall not exceed 100.

Safety references

ClinicalTrials.gov:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:2
citrus aurantifolia swingle peel water
Chemidplus:090063528