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dianthus caryophyllus flower oil

Dianthus caryophyllus flower oil is a natural volatile oil obtained from carnation flowers, valued for its distinct floral aroma in fragrance formulations.

General Material Description

Dianthus caryophyllus flower oil is a volatile essential oil derived from the flowers of the carnation plant, Dianthus caryophyllus, belonging to the Caryophyllaceae family. This oil presents a characteristic floral odor, typical of carnation, and is known under synonyms including carnation flower oil and volatile oil obtained from girofle flowers. It is a complex natural mixture commonly used in fragrance formulations to impart a fresh, floral aroma. The oil is typically obtained through steam distillation of the flowers. For detailed chemical information, refer to its entry in PubChem. The floral notes and volatile nature make it valuable for enhancing fragrance compositions.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

Dianthus caryophyllus flower oil occurs naturally in the carnation flower, a species widely cultivated for ornamental and aromatic purposes. This essential oil finds application predominantly as a fragrance agent due to its distinct floral scent resembling carnation blossoms. It is incorporated in perfumes, soaps, and other scented products to provide a fresh, floral bouquet. Among standards regulating its use, IFRA (Global) provides codes of practice governing fragrance materials, including carnation oils, to ensure safety in consumer products. Additionally, this oil's olfactory qualities align with numerous odor profiles such as clove, cinnamon, and rose, enhancing complex fragrance blends.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

Dianthus caryophyllus flower oil exhibits solubility characteristics that influence its incorporation into formulations; it dissolves readily in alcohols but is insoluble in water, affecting its dispersion in aqueous products. This volatile oil's chemical profile supports its aromatic volatility and blending compatibility. Its physical properties mandate consideration in formulation design to achieve desired fragrance release and stability. The oil’s floral odor profile remains stable under typical ambient conditions, although no specific temperature-related stability data is noted. The absence of classification under OSHA HCS indicates a low hazard profile from conventional hazard perspectives.

FAQ

What is dianthus caryophyllus flower oil and how is it obtained?
Dianthus caryophyllus flower oil is an essential oil obtained by steam distillation of carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.). It is a volatile oil recognized for its floral aroma characteristic of the carnation plant, belonging to the Caryophyllaceae family. The oil is used primarily for its scent properties in fragrance formulations.
How is dianthus caryophyllus flower oil used and in which products can it be found?
Primarily, dianthus caryophyllus flower oil is utilized as a fragrance agent in perfumes, cosmetics, and personal care products. Its floral scent makes it valuable for blending into complex aromatic compositions that feature other floral, spicy, or sweet notes. The oil is soluble in alcohol, which facilitates its incorporation into alcohol-based perfumes but is insoluble in water, influencing formulation techniques.
What standards regulate the use of dianthus caryophyllus flower oil in consumer products?
The use of dianthus caryophyllus flower oil in fragrance applications is overseen according to IFRA (Global) standards, which provide guidance on safe usage levels and practices for fragrance materials. Safety assessments from organizations like the RIFM offer further data supporting its controlled use. Although not approved for flavor uses, it is widely accepted as a fragrance component under international regulatory frameworks.

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Literature & References

Pubchem (sid):135296168
Publications by PubMed
Ethylene production associated with petal senescence in carnation flowers is induced irrespective of the gynoecium.
Response of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) cultivars to different postharvest preservatives.
Reverted glutathione S-transferase-like genes that influence flower color intensity of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) originated from excision of a transposable element.
A quantitative framework for flower phenotyping in cultivated carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).
Construction of a reference genetic linkage map for carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).
Analysis of gene expression during the transition to climacteric phase in carnation flowers (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).
Expression of flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase and acetolactate synthase genes in transgenic carnation: assessing the safety of a nonfood plant.
Transcriptome analysis of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) based on next-generation sequencing technology.
Psidium guajava and Piper betle leaf extracts prolong vase life of cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) flowers.
Transcriptional regulation of two RTE-like genes of carnation during flower senescence and upon ethylene exposure, wounding treatment and sucrose supply.
Cloning, characterization, and expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase and expansin genes associated with petal growth and development during carnation flower opening.
Characterization of two carnation petal prolyl 4 hydroxylases.
In vitro propagation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).
Isolation and identification of antibacterial compounds from Thymus kotschyanus aerial parts and Dianthus caryophyllus flower buds.
Carnation mottle virus, an important viral agent infecting carnation cut-flower crops in Mahallat of Iran.
Sucrose prevents up-regulation of senescence-associated genes in carnation petals.
The role of N-lauroylethanolamine in the regulation of senescence of cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus).
Overexpression of carnation S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene generates a broad-spectrum tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants.
Crystal structure of the petal death protein from carnation flower.
Diversity of function in the isocitrate lyase enzyme superfamily: the Dianthus caryophyllus petal death protein cleaves alpha-keto and alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Transcriptional regulation of three EIN3-like genes of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L. cv. Improved White Sim) during flower development and upon wounding, pollination, and ethylene exposure.
[Integration of different T-DNA structures of ACC oxidase gene into carnation genome extended cut flower vase-life differently].
[Prolonging the vase life of carnation "Mabel" through integrating repeated ACC oxidase genes into its genome].
Repressed ethylene production in the gynoecium of long-lasting flowers of the carnation 'White Candle': role of the gynoecium in carnation flower senescence.
Unilateral compatibility and genotypic difference in crossability in interspecific hybridization between Dianthus caryophyllus L. and Dianthus japonicus Thunb.
A rationale for the shift in colour towards blue in transgenic carnation flowers expressing the flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase gene.
Comparison of mRNA levels of three ethylene receptors in senescing flowers of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).
Cytoplasmic accumulation of flavonoids in flower petals and its relevance to yellow flower colouration.
Cloning of a cDNA encoding EIN3-like protein (DC-EIL1) and decrease in its mRNA level during senescence in carnation flower tissues.
The Evergreen gene is essential for flower initiation in carnation.
Role of the gynoecium in natural senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers.
Cyclic malyl anthocyanins in Dianthus caryophyllus.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the cysteine proteinase inhibitor, induced upon flower maturation in carnation using suppression subtractive hybridization.
Differential expression of three members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene family in carnation
Subcellular Localization of Secondary Lipid Metabolites Including Fragrance Volatiles in Carnation Petals.
Ethylene biosynthetic genes are differentially expressed during carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flower senescence.
Cloning of a DNA-binding protein that interacts with the ethylene-responsive enhancer element of the carnation GST1 gene.
Ethylene-regulated expression of a carnation cysteine proteinase during flower petal senescence.
Molecular cloning of the flavanone 3β-hydroxylase gene (FHT) from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) and analysis of stable and unstable FHT mutants.
Molecular cloning of two different ACC synthase PCR fragments in carnation flowers and organ-specific expression of the corresponding genes.
In vitro production of flowering shoots in 'German Red' carnation: effect of uniconazole and gibberellic acid.
Characterization of an ethylene-responsive glutathione S-transferase gene cluster in carnation.
Enzymatic conversion of dihydroflavonols to flavan-3,4-diols using flower extracts of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (carnation).
Characterization of an ethylene-regulated flower senescence-related gene from carnation.
Acyl chain and head group regulation of phospholipid catabolism in senescing carnation flowers.
Regulation of senescence-related gene expression in carnation flower petals by ethylene.
Activity of Ageing Carnation Flower Parts and the Effects of 1-(Malonylamino)cyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid-Induced Ethylene.
Molecular cloning and characterization of senescence-related genes from carnation flower petals.
Ethylene-induced gene expression in carnation petals : relationship to autocatalytic ethylene production and senescence.
Ethylene production and β-cyanoalanine synthase activity in carnation flowers.
Ethylene formation from 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid by microsomal membranes from senescing carnation flowers.
Changes in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic-acid content of cut carnation flowers in relation to their senescence.
Genetic control of chalcone isomerase activity in flowers of Dianthus caryophyllus.
Mobility and ionic form of silver as related to longevity of cut carnations.
C(2)H(4): Its Incorporation and Oxidation to CO(2) by Cut Carnations.
Role of cytokinins in carnation flower senescence.
Sites of ethylene production in the pollinated and unpollinated senescing carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) inflorescence.
Regulation of Senescence in Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus): Effect of Abscisic Acid and Carbon Dioxide on Ethylene Production.
Cell enlargement and sugar accumulation in the gynaecium of the glasshouse carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) induced by ethylene.
Inheritance in the Carnation, Dianthus Caryophyllus. V. the Chemistry of Flower Color Variation, II.
Inheritance in the carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus: the chemistry of flower color variation.
Inheritance in the Carnation, Dianthus Caryophyllus. IV. the Chemistry of Flower Color Variation, I.

Other Information

Wikipedia:View
FAO:BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION

General Material Information

Preferred name dianthus caryophyllus flower oil
Trivial Name Carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus, ext.
Short Description volatile oil obtained form the flowers of the girofle (carnation), dianthus caryophyllus l., caryophyllaceae
CAS Number 89958-29-2
ECHA Number 289-653-2
FDA UNII Search
Synonyms
  • carnation flower oil
  • volatile oil obtained form the flowers of the girofle (carnation), dianthus caryophyllus l., caryophyllaceae
  • Carnation, Dianthus caryophyllus, ext.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Floral
carnation, floral
General comment At 100.00 %. carnation

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for dianthus caryophyllus flower oil flavor usage levels up to:
not for flavor use.

Safety references

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
Chemidplus:0089958292