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sweet orange peel oil
Sweet orange peel oil is a citrus essential oil extracted from the peel of Citrus sinensis by cold pressing, used widely in flavor and fragrance industries.
General Material Description
Sweet orange peel oil is a natural essential oil derived by cold pressing the peel of the Citrus sinensis fruit. It typically appears as a clear to pale yellow liquid exhibiting a fresh, medium-strength citrus odor and flavor reminiscent of sweet orange. This oil carries multiple synonyms including orange oil, citrus sinensis peel oil, and oil of sweet orange. Generally recognized for its aromatic and flavor characteristics, it is cataloged under controlled vocabulary in databases such as PubChem. The oil is commonly obtained through mechanical expression rather than steam distillation, preserving its volatile compounds associated with the fresh citrus notes. Its raw material is sourced primarily from orange fruit peels harvested globally from commercial Citrus sinensis cultivars.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Sweet orange peel oil occurs naturally as an extract from the peel of the ripe orange fruit (Citrus sinensis). This essential oil is widely applied as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient. It imparts citrus notes to various consumer products and is used extensively in perfumery, confectionery, beverages, and personal care formulations. According to the FEMA (US) standard, it holds FEMA number 2825 and is recognized for use in flavor and fragrance formulations under prescribed usage levels. Its applications extend to products where a natural citrus aroma or flavor is desired, and it also functions as a component in complex odor blends contributing freshness and fruitiness.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Sweet orange peel oil exhibits physical properties that influence its handling and formulation. It has a specific gravity between 0.842 and 0.846 measured at 25 °C, indicating it is lighter than water. The refractive index ranges from 1.472 to 1.474 at 20 °C. Its boiling point is between 173 and 176 °C at standard atmospheric pressure, and it has a vapor pressure of approximately 0.97 mmHg at 25 °C, indicating moderate volatility. The oil is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water, with an estimated solubility of 4.581 mg/L at 25 °C. The flash point is approximately 46 °C (115 °F), categorizing it as a flammable liquid; storage recommendations include keeping it in a cool, dry place, protected from heat and light, preferably under nitrogen to maintain quality. The shelf life is typically 36 months or longer when stored properly.
FAQ
What is sweet orange peel oil and how is it obtained?
Sweet orange peel oil is a natural essential oil extracted from the outer peel of the Citrus sinensis fruit. It is primarily obtained through cold pressing, a mechanical expression method that preserves its characteristic fresh citrus aroma and flavor. This process involves pressing the peel to release oil glands without the use of heat, maintaining its chemical integrity and sensory profile. The resulting oil is widely used for its medium-strength citrus odor and flavor properties.
Where is sweet orange peel oil typically used and for what purposes?
Sweet orange peel oil is extensively used in flavor and fragrance industries to impart fresh citrus notes. Its primary applications include use as a flavoring agent in beverages, confectionery, and baked goods, as well as a perfuming ingredient in personal care and cosmetic products. It is appreciated for its ability to add brightness and sweetness to odor compositions and is incorporated into blends containing other fruity, floral, and woody accords. The oil is recognized by FEMA (US) for such uses under regulated levels to ensure product safety.
What are the safety considerations and regulations for sweet orange peel oil?
Safety classifications identify sweet orange peel oil as a flammable liquid that causes skin irritation based on OSHA (US) GHS standards. It carries a flash point of about 46 °C and requires storage in cool, ventilated areas away from ignition sources. The International Fragrance Association (IFRA, Global) restricts its use in leave-on skin products due to phototoxicity potential, recommending maximum levels of 2% for skin contact and up to 10% in fragrance concentrates. The FEMA Expert Panel (US) has granted it GRAS status for flavor use with specific usage limits. Proper handling involves avoiding skin contact and using protective equipment when necessary.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
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Literature & References
| citrus sinensis l. osbeck peel oil cold pressed | |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 8008-57-9 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135333547 |
Other Information
| Export Tariff Code: | 3301.12.0000 |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| FAO: | BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STEAM DISTILLATION |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | sweet orange peel oil |
| Trivial Name | Sweet orange peel oil, cold pressed |
| Short Description | citrus sinensis peel oil |
| CAS Number | 8008-57-9 |
| FEMA Number | 2825 |
| ECHA Number | 600-006-9 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 8008-57-9 ; ORANGE PEEL, SWEET, OIL (CITRUS SINENSIS (L.) OSBECK) |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 7.006 to 7.04 |
| Refractive Index | 1.472 to 1.474 @ 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 173 to 176°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.97 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 46.11 °C TCC |
| Shelf life | 36 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. store under nitrogen. |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 4.581 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Citrus | |
| orange, orange peel, fresh, juicy, sweet | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | 140 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| General comment | At 100.00 %. orange fresh juicy sweet |
| Flavor Type: Citrus | |
| orange, orange peel | |
| General comment | Orange |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Acacia , Aldehydic , Amber , Ambrene , Apricot , Balsam , Banana , Bay rum , Bergamot , Bubble gum , Cherry , Cherry blossom , Citrus , Cologne , Colonia , Fruit , Grape , Jasmin , Lemon , Lime , Lychee , Mandarin , Melon , Millefleurs , Mulberry , Neroli , Orange , Orange bitter orange peel , Orange blossom , Oriental , Papaya , Passion fruit , Peach , Pineapple , Plum , Sassafras , Spice , Spring rain , Strawberry , Sweet pea , Valerian , Verbena , Woody |
| Flavoring purposes | Cola , Orange bitter orange peel , Valerian |
| Other purposes | A suma , Cabochard , Huile de mille fleurs , Jicky , Presence , Scandal |
| Cosmetic purposes | Perfuming agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |   |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour H315 - Causes skin irritation | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P233 - Keep container tightly closed. P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. P242 - Use only non-sparking tools. P243 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P321 - Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on this label). P332 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 733, 1974. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 12, Pg. 733, 1974. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| IFRA Critical Effect: | |||
| Phototoxicity | |||
| IFRA Other Specification: | |||
| contains the following IFRA (Annex) restricted components: (non-analysis max. level reference only) | |||
| citronellol | Max. Found: trace to | ||
| citral | Max. Found: 0.15 % and Reason: Sensitization | ||
| limits in the finished product for - "leave on the skin contact": | |||
| 2.0000 % Restriction. | |||
| Recommendation for sweet orange peel oil usage levels up to: | |||
| 10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 430.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 210.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | 5.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | 49.00000 | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | 4200.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | 32.00000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | 190.00000 | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 330.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 330.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 1300.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 1000.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
| Outcome of the consultation with Member States, the applicant and EFSA on the pesticide risk assessment for orange oil in light of confirmatory data View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):8008-57-9 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 2319 |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| citrus sinensis l. osbeck peel oil cold pressed |
| Chemidplus:0008008579 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:RI8600000 for cas# 8008-57-9 |