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maple syrup

Maple syrup is a caramellic-flavored natural syrup used primarily as a sweetening food additive and flavoring agent.

General Material Description

Maple syrup is a natural product primarily composed of concentrated sap from certain species of maple trees. It is a viscous, amber-colored syrup well-known for its characteristic caramellic flavor profile. This syrup, referenced under synonyms like "maple-sap products, syrups" or "maple sirup," is widely recognized as a natural sweetening agent within culinary contexts. The syrup's chemical identity is recorded in public databases such as PubChem. Typically, it is derived by boiling down the concentrated sap extracted during the maple tree's tapping season. Maple syrup finds extensive use in food and beverage formulation as an ingredient offering distinct aromatic and taste properties.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

Maple syrup occurs naturally as the sap extracted from several maple species, primarily the sugar maple. The sap is harvested seasonally, usually in early spring, and then concentrated through heating to produce the syrup. This distinctive syrup is utilized predominantly as a flavoring agent and food additive, valued for its sweet, caramellic notes. Its culinary applications range from use as a table syrup to an ingredient in confections, baked goods, and sauces. Regulatory frameworks, such as FEMA (US), recognize maple syrup within flavoring agent categories, guiding permissible use levels in various formulations.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

Maple syrup is a water-soluble, viscous liquid with a characteristic amber hue and caramellic taste. Its solubility in water facilitates easy incorporation into aqueous food systems. The syrup’s physicochemical properties influence its performance as a sweetener and flavoring agent, especially its ability to blend uniformly without precipitation. These attributes contribute to its versatility in formulations requiring sweetening combined with distinctive aromatic profile. The physicochemical stability under typical storage conditions supports its widespread culinary and industrial utility.

FAQ

What is maple syrup and how is it characterized?
Maple syrup is a natural sweet syrup obtained by concentrating the sap from certain maple trees. It displays a caramellic flavor and amber coloration, recognized for its natural sweetness in food applications. The product is commonly referred to by synonyms such as "maple-sap syrup" and "maple sirup." Its characteristic taste and solubility profile define its widespread use as a sweetening ingredient and flavoring agent.
How is maple syrup sourced and where is it commonly applied?
Maple syrup is sourced by tapping maple trees, predominantly the sugar maple, to collect sap during specific seasonal periods. The collected sap is boiled down to increase concentration and develop the syrup's characteristic flavor. The syrup's functional attributes make it suitable as a flavoring agent and food additive in various culinary products, including baked goods, beverages, and confectionery. Its use is recognized and regulated by standards such as FEMA (US), which define its applications and usage levels.
What safety and regulatory considerations exist for maple syrup?
Maple syrup is classified without hazard under OSHA (29 CFR 1910) regulations. No specific GHS hazard classifications or precautionary statements apply. It is approved for use as a flavoring agent and food additive, with recommendations restricting usage to non-fragrance applications. Regulatory listings, such as by FDA and REACH (EU), provide reference information on maple syrup’s status as a food substance. Safety data available from sources like EPA and NIH support its accepted use in food products without significant toxicological concerns.

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

Pubchem (sid):135332398
Publications by PubMed
Chemical compositional, biological, and safety studies of a novel maple syrup derived extract for nutraceutical applications.
Nonnutritive sweeteners are not supernormal stimuli.
Nutrition management guideline for maple syrup urine disease: an evidence- and consensus-based approach.
Preservation of high phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities in roots of Japanese Striped corn: a potential oral therapeutic to treat phenylketonuria.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease Complicated with Kyphoscoliosis and Myelopathy.
[The use of low-calorie sweeteners].
Adipose transplant for inborn errors of branched chain amino acid metabolism in mice.
Drosophila miR-277 controls branched-chain amino acid catabolism and affects lifespan.
Potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for the characterisation of maple syrup flavours.
Treatment of acute decompensation of maple syrup urine disease in adult patients with a new parenteral amino-acid mixture.
Maple polyphenols, ginnalins A-C, induce S- and G2/M-cell cycle arrest in colon and breast cancer cells mediated by decreasing cyclins A and D1 levels.
Risk assessment and risk management at the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA): a perspective on the monitoring of foods for chemical residues.
Maple sap predominant microbial contaminants are correlated with the physicochemical and sensorial properties of maple syrup.
Analysis of human male armpit sweat after fenugreek ingestion: Characterisation of odour active compounds by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and olfactometry.
Further investigation into maple syrup yields 3 new lignans, a new phenylpropanoid, and 26 other phytochemicals.
Comparison of nonfried apple snacks with commercially available fried snacks.
Maple syrup phytochemicals include lignans, coumarins, a stilbene, and other previously unreported antioxidant phenolic compounds.
Antioxidant activity, inhibition of nitric oxide overproduction, and in vitro antiproliferative effect of maple sap and syrup from Acer saccharum.
Changing carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide: implications for food authentication.
Classical maple syrup urine disease and brain development: principles of management and formula design.
Maple syrup-production, composition, chemistry, and sensory characteristics.
Total antioxidant content of alternatives to refined sugar.
Improved detection of sugar addition to maple syrup using malic acid as internal standard and in 13C isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS).
The generation of formaldehyde in cigarettes--Overview and recent experiments.
A new protein substitute for adolescents and adults with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD).
Branched-chain amino acids and brain function.
Legal strategies to address the misrepresentation of Vermont maple syrup.
Microwave processing of maple sap to maple syrup and maple syrup products.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of formaldehyde in maple syrup.
Utility of hemodialysis in maple syrup urine disease.
Detection of added beet or cane sugar in maple syrup by the site-specific deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (SNIF-NMR) method: collaborative study.
Whole-body L-leucine oxidation in patients with variant form of maple syrup urine disease.
Limitations in the use of ozone to disinfect maple sap.
Diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism.
4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (sotolone)--the odour of maple syrup urine disease.
Peculiar odor of traditional food and maple syrup urine disease.
Sugar nucleotide concentrations in red blood cells of patients on protein- and lactose-limited diets: effect of galactose supplementation.
Making maple syrup: hazardous a vocational ingestion of raw sap in a patient with nut and tree pollen sensitivity.
[Lists of food exchanges for use in phenylketonuria and maple-syrup urine disease].
[Methodology of care for children with phenylketonuria and maple-syrup urine disease].
Acrodermatitis enteropathica-like syndrome secondary to isoleucine deficiency during treatment of maple syrup urine disease.
Nutrient intakes of adolescents with phenylketonuria and infants and children with maple syrup urine disease on semisynthetic diets.
Sample preparation bias in carbon stable isotope ratio analysis of fruit juices and sweeteners.
Inherited enzyme deficiencies in livestock.
Dietary management of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism with protein-modified diets.
High levels of dietary amino and branched-chain alpha-keto acids alter plasma and brain amino acid concentrations in rats.
Selenium in pediatric nutrition.
Analysis of selenium content in commercial dietetic products.
Evaluation of branched-chain amino acid intake in children with maple syrup urine disease and methylmalonic aciduria.
Gas chromatographic determination of formaldehyde in maple syrup as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative.
[Isolated isoleucine deficiency in diet therapy of a case of maple syrup urine disease].
Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid contaminated dietary proline as a cause of urinary excretion of 4-amino-2-(S-cysteinyl)butyric acid in patients on oral treatment with a synthetic diet.
Prospective study of maple-syrup-urine disease for the first four days of life.
Acidosis associated with dietotherapy of maple syrup urine disease.
Dietary management of maple-sirup-urine disease: extension of equivalency systems.
Dietary restriction in inborn errors of amino acid metabolism.
Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of New Zealand infants and children.
Maple syrup urine disease: emergency treatment of the neonate.
Management of maple syrup urine disease in Canada. Committee for improvement of Hereditary Disease Management.
Dietary treatment of maple sirup urine disease (branched-chain ketoaciduria).
The dietary therapy of inherited metabolic disease.
Mineral and trace-metal balances in children receiving normal and synthetic diets.
Leucine equivalency system in managing branched chain ketoaciduria.
Folic acid deficiency secondary to a diet for maple syrup urine disease.

Other Information

FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View

General Material Information

Preferred name maple syrup
Trivial Name Maple syrup
CAS Number 8029-81-0
ECHA Number 232-441-1
FDA UNII Search
FDA Mainterm Maple syrup
Synonyms
  • maple-sap syrup
  • Maple-sap products, syrups
  • Maple sap products, maple syrup
  • Syrups (sweetening agents), maple
  • Maple sirup
  • Syrups maple-sap products
  • Maple-sap products, syrup
  • Syrup maple-sap products
  • Maple-sap products, maple syrup
  • Maple syrups

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Solubility
water Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Flavor Type: Caramellic
maple, caramellic
General comment Maple syrup

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents, food additives
Recommendation for maple syrup usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.

Safety references

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
Chemidplus:0008029810