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rosemary leaf

Rosemary leaf is the dried foliage of Rosmarinus officinalis, used for its herbal aroma and flavor in natural seasonings and spices.

General Material Description

Rosemary leaf refers to the dried leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis L., a member of the Lamiaceae family. Chemically complex, the leaves exhibit a distinct herbal aroma and flavor characterized by a fresh, slightly camphoraceous note. Commonly used as a spice and flavoring, these leaves are available in various forms including whole and ground, as well as certified organic variants. Synonyms include 'rosemary large' and 'rosemary small', reflecting leaf size. This botanical ingredient is sourced primarily from cultivated rosemary plants. Detailed chemical and sensory data can be found linked through PubChem, aiding further research and formulation efforts.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

Rosemary leaf naturally occurs on the Rosmarinus officinalis plant, common in Mediterranean climates. It serves widely as a culinary spice and a component in natural seasonings and flavorings, imparting herbal notes in foods and beverages. Usage covers multiple categories including beverages, condiments, and meat products with specific upper use limits established by FEMA (US). Additionally, it finds application in cosmetics, primarily for skin conditioning purposes. The ingredient's natural herbal profile enhances flavor complexity and functional appeal in food formulations while meeting regulatory standards governing flavor additive use.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

The physico-chemical profile of rosemary leaf is defined by its composition of volatile and non-volatile constituents contributing to its characteristic herbal aroma and flavor. Its physical form varies from coarse to finely ground leaf matter, influencing extraction and incorporation into formulations. The active components demonstrate stability under normal food processing conditions, facilitating its use across diverse matrices. Rosemary leaf’s moderate solubility in water and organic solvents enables flexible application methods. Its content of phenolic compounds may contribute to antioxidant properties, although these are not claims but considerations for formulation stability and sensory impact.

FAQ

What is rosemary leaf and what are its main characteristics?
Rosemary leaf consists of the dried foliage of the Rosmarinus officinalis plant, known for its herbal aroma and flavor. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is widely used as a culinary spice and natural seasoning. The leaves provide a fresh, slightly camphoraceous note to foods and other products. Synonyms include rosmarinus officinalis leaf and rosemary whole or ground, reflecting different presentations. It is commonly sourced from cultivated rosemary plants.
How is rosemary leaf used and where is it commonly found?
Rosemary leaf is primarily utilized as a spice and flavoring agent in various food categories such as beverages, condiments, and meat products, imparting a distinctive herbal character. It is found naturally on the rosemary plant native to Mediterranean regions. Beyond food applications, rosemary leaf is employed in cosmetics for skin conditioning purposes. Its inclusion in formulations adheres to usage limits specified by FEMA (US) and is selected for its sensory contribution and natural origin.
What regulatory standards and safety information apply to rosemary leaf?
Rosemary leaf is recognized by FEMA (US) with FEMA number 2991 and is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for use as a flavoring substance within defined levels in food products. No specific hazard classifications under OSHA or related GHS regulations have been identified. Its use is guided by recommendations restricting it primarily to flavoring applications and typically excludes fragrance use. Safety data references include authoritative databases such as FDA, EPA, and clinical trial repositories, supporting its regulatory acceptance for flavoring purposes.

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

rosmarinus officinalis leaf
Pubchem (sid):135312833
Publications by PubMed
Rosemary tea consumption results to anxiolytic- and anti-depressant-like behavior of adult male mice and inhibits all cerebral area and liver cholinesterase activity; phytochemical investigation and in silico studies.
Beneficial Effects of Endurance Exercise with Rosmarinus officinalis Labiatae Leaves Extract on Blood Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Lipid Peroxidation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.
Cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Labiatae) in plant test system.
Antimycobacterial activity of selected medicinal plants traditionally used in Sudan to treat infectious diseases.
Egyptian herbal tea infusions' antioxidants and their antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells.
Rosmarinus officinalis L. leaf extract improves memory impairment and affects acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in rat brain.
Composition and biological activity of essential oils against Metopolophium dirhodum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) cereal crop pest.
Anticancer Activity of Certain Herbs and Spices on the Cervical Epithelial Carcinoma (HeLa) Cell Line.
Species-specific differences in temporal and spatial variation in δ(13)C of plant carbon pools and dark-respired CO (2) under changing environmental conditions.
Promotion of hair growth by Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract.
Phytoextraction of cadmium by four Mediterranean shrub species.
Short-term study on the effects of rosemary on cognitive function in an elderly population.
Carnosic acid-rich rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract limits weight gain and improves cholesterol levels and glycaemia in mice on a high-fat diet.
Storage method, drying processes and extraction procedures strongly affect the phenolic fraction of rosemary leaves: an HPLC/DAD/MS study.
Antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis against oral pathogens: relevance of carnosic acid and carnosol.
Importance of extract standardization and in vitro/ex vivo assay selection for the evaluation of antioxidant activity of botanicals: a case study on three Rosmarinus officinalis L. extracts.
Dietary administration of ewe diets with a distillate from rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.): influence on lamb meat quality.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract limits weight gain and liver steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet.
Compost may affect volatile and semi-volatile plant emissions through nitrogen supply and chlorophyll fluorescence.
Production and diversity of volatile terpenes from plants on calcareous and siliceous soils: effect of soil nutrients.
Polyphenolic transmission to Segureno lamb meat from ewes' diet supplemented with the distillate from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) leaves.
Enantiomeric purity of (+/-) -methyl jasmonate in fresh leaf samples and commercial fragrances.
Water deficit stress induces different monoterpene and sesquiterpene emission changes in Mediterranean species. Relationship between terpene emissions and plant water potential.
Subcellular effects of drought stress in Rosmarinus officinalis.
Allergic contact dermatitis induced by rosemary leaf extract in a cleansing gel.
In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Flower size variation in Rosmarinus officinalis: individuals, populations and habitats.
Effects of irrigation and air humidity preconditioning on water relations, growth and survival of Rosmarinus officinalis plants during and after transplanting.
Variations in water status, gas exchange, and growth in Rosmarinus officinalis plants infected with Glomus deserticola under drought conditions.
Drought-induced changes in the redox state of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents.
Protein glycation inhibitory and antioxidative activities of some plant extracts in vitro.
Daily time course of whole-shoot gas exchange rates in two drought-exposed Mediterranean shrubs.
Effects of drought on photosynthesis in Mediterranean plants grown under enhanced UV-B radiation.
Publications by J-Stage
Antiangiogenic Effect of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol, Neuroprotective Compounds in Rosemary Leaves

Other Information

FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
Wikipedia:View

General Material Information

Preferred name rosemary leaf
Trivial Name rosmarinus officinalis leaf
Short Description leaves of the rosemary, rosmarinus officinalis l., lamiaceae
FEMA Number 2991
FDA UNII Search
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 977002-36-0 ; ROSEMARY (ROSEMARINUS OFFICINALIS L.)
Synonyms
  • leaves of the rosemary, rosmarinus officinalis l., lamiaceae
  • rosemary large
  • rosemary leaves
  • rosemary small
  • rosemary whole or ground, available as 100% certified organic
  • rosmarinus officinalis leaf

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Herbal
rosemary
General comment At 100.00 %. rosemary
Flavor Type: Herbal
rosemary
General comment Rosemary

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
spices, other natural seasonings and flavorings
Recommendation for rosemary leaf usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: --
beverages(nonalcoholic): -700.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -680.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: -380.00000
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
rosmarinus officinalis leaf
Chemidplus:0977002360