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artichoke wax

Artichoke wax is a natural wax extracted from Cynara cardunculus, characterized by a green artichoke odor and used primarily as a fragrance agent.

General Material Description

Artichoke wax, also known by synonyms such as cardoon wax and cynara cardunculus cera, is a natural wax obtained from the plant Cynara cardunculus. It is noted for its green artichoke odor profile, making it suitable for use in fragrance compositions. The material appears as a solid wax and is classified within fragrance agents rather than flavor use categories. Its plant source links it to other artichoke-related extracts, emphasizing its botanical origins. For chemical reference and controlled vocabulary, artichoke wax is indexed in public chemical databases such as PubChem. The extraction process generally involves obtaining the waxy components from the cardoon plant, which grows in Mediterranean climates.

Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses

Artichoke wax occurs naturally as a component of the cardoon plant, Cynara cardunculus, which is widespread in Mediterranean regions. This waxy substance contributes to the plant's surface protective layer and is harvested for its characteristic aroma. Its primary application is as a fragrance agent, where its green, fresh odor notes are valued in perfumery and cosmetics for imparting natural leafy or vegetative accords. Under the IFRA (Global) standards, artichoke wax is recognized as a fragrance material but is not authorized for flavoring purposes. Its use in formulations focuses on its olfactory properties, aiding in the creation of natural or green scent profiles within complex fragrance blends.

Physico-Chemical Properties Summary

Artichoke wax presents as a solid natural wax exhibiting a distinct green odor reminiscent of fresh artichoke. Its chemical composition is primarily of long-chain esters and hydrocarbons characteristic of plant-derived waxes. These constituents provide a stable, hydrophobic matrix that influences its melting behavior and solubility. The wax’s structural properties enable it to integrate well within fragrance oil bases and cosmetic emulsions, contributing texture and scent longevity. Due to its botanical origin, variability in exact chemical composition can occur depending on extraction methods and plant source. The wax’s physical characteristics support its use as a carrier or modifier in fragrance formulations, enhancing green, leafy notes without significant volatility or reactivity under typical formulation conditions.

FAQ

What is artichoke wax and where does it come from?
Artichoke wax is a natural wax extracted from the plant Cynara cardunculus, also known as cardoon. It is recognized for its distinctive green artichoke odor and is harvested from the surface components of the cardoon plant. This botanical origin links the wax to other natural plant-derived fragrance materials. It is known by several synonyms including cardoon wax and cynara cardunculus cera.
How is artichoke wax used and what are its main applications?
The principal use of artichoke wax is as a fragrance agent in perfumery and cosmetics. Its green, fresh scent profile contributes natural leafy notes to fragrance blends. The wax’s chemical structure lends stability and allows it to function as both an odorant and textural ingredient. It is important to note that artichoke wax is not used as a flavoring agent according to IFRA (Global) standards, limiting its application to aromatic purposes rather than food or flavor formulations.
What safety and regulatory considerations apply to artichoke wax?
Artichoke wax is classified without any hazard under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910) and does not have assigned GHS hazard statements. Safety assessments, such as those by RIFM, support its use within fragrance formulations. IFRA (Global) guidelines specify that it is not recommended for flavor use, focusing on fragrance applications only. Regulatory listings in databases such as ECHA and FDA provide references but do not indicate significant restrictions, reflecting the material’s established safety profile for topical aroma applications.

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Literature & References

cynara cardunculus cera
Pubchem (sid):135335538
Publications by PubMed
An integrated approach to the evaluation of a metabolomic fingerprint for a phytocomplex. Focus on artichoke [Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus] leaf.
Cytochrome P450s from Cynara cardunculus L. CYP71AV9 and CYP71BL5, catalyze distinct hydroxylations in the sesquiterpene lactone biosynthetic pathway.
Upgrading of residues of bracts, stems and hearts of Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus to functional fractions enriched in soluble fiber.
[Cloning and bioinformation analysis of flavone synthase II gene of Erigeron breviscapus].
Salinity source-induced changes in yield, mineral composition, phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of artichoke and cardoon grown in floating system.
Proteolytic effect of Cynara cardunculus rennet for use in the elaboration of 'Torta del Casar' cheese.
Lipophilic extracts of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis (DC): a source of valuable bioactive terpenic compounds.
Population structure of Cynara cardunculus complex and the origin of the conspecific crops artichoke and cardoon.
Effect of starters and ripening time on the physicochemical, nitrogen fraction and texture profile of goat's cheese coagulated with a vegetable coagulant (Cynara cardunculus).
Determination of water-soluble vitamins in multivitamin dietary supplements and in artichokes by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
Isolation of a polyphenol oxidase (PPO) cDNA from artichoke and expression analysis in wounded artichoke heads.
Micropropagation of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. var. scolymus).
Cyclopentyl methyl ether: a green co-solvent for the selective dehydration of lignocellulosic pentoses to furfural.
Effects of saline stress on mineral composition, phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of artichoke and cardoon genotypes grown in floating system.
Large-scale transcriptome characterization and mass discovery of SNPs in globe artichoke and its related taxa.
Analysis of molecular genetic diversity of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) in Tunisia.
Viruses in artichoke.
Cercosporoid leaf pathogens from whorled milkweed and spineless safflower in California.
Genetic mapping and identification of QTL for earliness in the globe artichoke/cultivated cardoon complex.
Genetic mapping and characterization of the globe artichoke (+)-germacrene A synthase gene, encoding the first dedicated enzyme for biosynthesis of the bitter sesquiterpene lactone cynaropicrin.
In-silico and in-vivo analyses of EST databases unveil conserved miRNAs from Carthamus tinctorius and Cynara cardunculus.
Sphingomonas cynarae sp. nov., a proteobacterium that produces an unusual type of sphingan.
RAD tag sequencing as a source of SNP markers in Cynara cardunculus L.
Functional and conformational changes in the aspartic protease cardosin A induced by TFE.
Free amino acid content of goat's milk cheese made with animal rennet and plant coagulant.
Computational studies on a new cationic peroxidase isoenzyme from artichoke leaves.
Acute effect of whey peptides upon blood pressure of hypertensive rats, and relationship with their angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity.
Mediterranean wild plants reduce postprandial platelet aggregation in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Genetic map of artichoke × wild cardoon: toward a consensus map for Cynara cardunculus.
Chemical and morphological characteristics of new clones and commercial varieties of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus).
The heterologous systems in the study of cardosin B trafficking pathways.
Bacterial dynamics in a raw cow's milk Caciotta cheese manufactured with aqueous extract of Cynara cardunculus dried flowers.
Thermal degradation studies and kinetic modeling of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Purification, biochemical characterization and cloning of a new cationic peroxidase isoenzyme from artichoke.
Novel whey-derived peptides with inhibitory effect against angiotensin-converting enzyme: in vitro effect and stability to gastrointestinal enzymes.
Responses of Cynara cardunculus L. to single and combined cadmium and nickel treatment conditions.
Exploring plant endomembrane dynamics using the photoconvertible protein Kaede.
Novel hydroxycinnamoyl-coenzyme A quinate transferase genes from artichoke are involved in the synthesis of chlorogenic acid.
Inhibitory effect of the flowers of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) on TPA-induced inflammation and tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.
Polyphenol oxidase activity from three sicilian artichoke [ Cynara cardunculus L. Var. scolymus L. (Fiori)] cultivars: studies and technological application on minimally processed production.
Caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in the immature inflorescence of globe artichoke, wild cardoon, and cultivated cardoon.
Inhibition of pro-inflammatory secreted phospholipase A2 by extracts from Cynara cardunculus L.
Construction of a reference molecular linkage map of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus).
Ontology and diversity of transcript-associated microsatellites mined from a globe artichoke EST database.
Multiplicity of aspartic proteinases from Cynara cardunculus L.
Genetic mapping and annotation of genomic microsatellites isolated from globe artichoke.
Cultivation and characterization of Cynara Cardunculus for solid biofuels production in the Mediterranean region.
The isolation and mapping of a novel hydroxycinnamoyltransferase in the globe artichoke chlorogenic acid pathway.
Antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines and toxicity test on Mediterranean dietary plants.
Cardosins in postembryonic development of cardoon: towards an elucidation of the biological function of plant aspartic proteinases.
Stress-induced biosynthesis of dicaffeoylquinic acids in globe artichoke.
Mediterranean diet and cardioprotection: wild artichoke inhibits metalloproteinase 9.
Effects of chelates on plants and soil microbial community: comparison of EDTA and EDDS for lead phytoextraction.
Production and characterization of recombinant cyprosin B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (W303-1A) strain.
Fractionation of Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) biomass by dilute-acid pretreatment.
Phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus L. organs, and their biological activities.
Antioxidant and protective effects of silymarin on ischemia and reperfusion injury in the kidney tissues of rats.
Processing and trafficking of a single isoform of the aspartic proteinase cardosin A on the vacuolar pathway.
Cardosins improve neuronal regeneration after cell disruption: a comparative expression study.
Pulping cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) with peroxyformic acid (MILOX) in one single stage.
Allocation of proteolytic activity in the seedling of Cynara cardunculus L. in the initial growth stages.
Antigenotoxic effect of extract from Cynara cardunculus L.
Growth inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of Cynara cardunculus L. in leukemia cells involves cell cycle arrest, cytochrome c release and activation of caspases.
Characterization and expression analysis of the aspartic protease gene family of Cynara cardunculus L.
Cynara cardunculus L. alkaline pulps: alternatives fibres for paper and paperboard production.
Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Cynara cardunculus L.
Research on biomodulatory effect of natural compounds.
Retrotransposon-based S-SAP as a platform for the analysis of genetic variation and linkage in globe artichoke.
Cardosins: a new and efficient plant enzymatic tool to dissociate neuronal cells for the establishment of cell cultures.
Bioactive peptides in ovine and caprine cheeselike systems prepared with proteases from Cynara cardunculus.
Effect of acetonitrile on Cynara cardunculus L. cardosin A stability.
A first linkage map of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) based on AFLP, S-SAP, M-AFLP and microsatellite markers.
Immobilisation of cardosin A in chitosan sponges as a novel implant for drug delivery.
The characterisation of the collagenolytic activity of cardosin a demonstrates its potential application for extracellular matrix degradative processes.
Molecular characterization of peptides released from beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin via cardosins A and B.
Wild artichoke prevents the age-associated loss of vasomotor function.
Time-resolved spectral studies of blue-green fluorescence of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. Var. Scolymus) leaves: identification of chlorogenic acid as one of the major fluorophores and age-mediated changes.
Molecular analysis of the interaction between cardosin A and phospholipase D(alpha). Identification of RGD/KGE sequences as binding motifs for C2 domains.
Extraction and partial characterization of a coagulant preparation from Silybum marianum flowers. Its action on bovine caseinate.
On the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey proteins brought about by cardosin a from Cynara carduncunlus.
Partial identification of water-soluble peptides released at early stages of proteolysis in sterilized ovine cheese-like systems: influence of type of coagulant and starter.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers in Cynara cardunculus L.
Mediterranean food and health: building human evidence.
Hypochlorous acid scavenging properties of local Mediterranean plant foods.
Activation, proteolytic processing, and peptide specificity of recombinant cardosin A.
Purification of cynarases from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.): enzymatic properties of cynarase A.
Triterpenoid cynarasaponins from Cynara cardunculus L. reduce chemically induced mutagenesis in vitro.
Volatile free fatty acids as ripening indicators for Serra da Estrela cheese.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism for genetic diversity assessment in globe artichoke.
[Anticomplement activity of saponins from Cynara cardunculus L].
Use of recombinant cyprosin in the manufacture of ewe's milk cheese.
Effect of pH on the gelation properties of skim milk gels made from plant coagulants and chymosin.
Isolation and partial characterization of rennet-like proteases from Australian cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.).
A new dilignan from Cynara cardunculus.
Antioxidative properties of cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) infusion against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorous acid.
Modeling the kinetics of whey protein hydrolysis brought about by enzymes from Cynara cardunculus.
Analysis of artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L.) extract by means of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.
[Monodesmosidic saponins in Cynara cardunculus L].
Mathematical modelling of the formation of rennet-induced gels by plant coagulants and chymosin.
Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding cardosin B, an aspartic proteinase accumulating extracellularly in the transmitting tissue of Cynara cardunculus L.
Hydrolysis of whey proteins by proteases extracted from Cynara cardunculus and immobilized onto highly activated supports.
Purification, cloning and autoproteolytic processing of an aspartic proteinase from Centaurea calcitrapa.
Action of cardosin A from Cynara humilis on ovine and caprine caseinates.
[Apigenin-7-methylglucuronide from Cynara cardunculus L].
Chemical and microbiological characteristics of ewes' milk cheese manufactured with extracts from flowers of Cynara cardunculus and Cynara humilis as coagulants.
Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding cardosin A, an RGD-containing plant aspartic proteinase.
Crystal structure of cardosin A, a glycosylated and Arg-Gly-Asp-containing aspartic proteinase from the flowers of Cynara cardunculus L.
Processing, activity, and inhibition of recombinant cyprosin, an aspartic proteinase from cardoon (Cynara cardunculus).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of the plant aspartic proteinase cardosin A.
Identification and proteolytic processing of procardosin A.
Crystallisation, structure solution, and initial refinement of plant cardosin-A.
Structural and functional aspects of cardosins.
Substrate specificity and molecular modelling of aspartic proteinases (cyprosins) from flowers of Cynara cardunculus subsp. flavescens cv. cardoon.
Molecular cloning of aspartic proteinases from flowers of Cynara cardunculus SUBSP. flavescens CV. cardoon and Centaurea calcitrapa.
Cardosinogen A. The precursor form of the major aspartic proteinase from cardoon.
Cardosin A, an abundant aspartic proteinase, accumulates in protein storage vacuoles in the stigmatic papillae of Cynara cardunculus L.
The glycosylation of the aspartic proteinases from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.).
Action on bovine alpha s1-casein of cardosins A and B, aspartic proteinases from the flowers of the cardoon Cynara cardunculus L.
Purification, characterization and partial amino acid sequencing of two new aspartic proteinases from fresh flowers of Cynara cardunculus L.
Cardosin A and B, aspartic proteases from the flowers of cardoon.
Plant aspartic proteinases from Cynara cardunculus spp. flavescens cv. cardoon; nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding cyprosin and its organ-specific expression.
Aspartic proteinases (cyprosins) from Cynara cardunculus spp. Flavescens cv. cardoon; purification, characterisation, and tissue-specific expression.
Isolation and characterization of a cDNA from flowers of Cynara cardunculus encoding cyprosin (an aspartic proteinase) and its use to study the organ-specific expression of cyprosin.
Compositae dermatitis in South Australia: contact dermatitis from Ixodia achillaeoides and Cynara cardunculus or the tribulations of a dry flower arranger.
[Effect of the atherogenic diet and Cynara scolymus L, and Cynara cardunculus L. on the histopathological picture of the coronary vessels and myocardium in rats].
[Further studies on anti-arteriosclerotic properties of Cynara scolymus L and Cynara cardunculus L].

Other Information

Wikipedia:View

General Material Information

Preferred name artichoke wax
Trivial Name Cardoon, ext.
Short Description cynara cardunculus cera
CAS Number 93165-00-5
ECHA Number 296-883-7
FDA UNII Search
Synonyms
  • artichoke cera
  • cardoon wax
  • cynara cardunculus cera
  • cynara cardunculus wax
  • Cardoon, ext.
  • Cynara cardunculus ext.

Suppliers

A. Fakhry

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Green
green, artichoke
General comment At 100.00 %. green artichoke

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for artichoke wax flavor usage levels up to:
not for flavor use.

Safety references

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
cynara cardunculus cera
Chemidplus:0093165005