strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called))

Ethyl methylphenylglycidate, commonly known as strawberry glycidate or by its trivial name aldehyde C-16, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C₁₂H₁₄O₃. This ethyl ester of 3-methyl-3-phenylglycidic acid is notable in flavor and fragrance industries for its characteristic sweet, fruity aroma reminiscent of ripe strawberries, often accompanied by floral and honey nuances. Its odor and flavor profiles make it a valuable synthetic agent for recreating or enhancing strawberry notes in various consumer products. The compound is well-documented in chemical databases such as PubChem. Typically obtained via chemical synthesis, ethyl methylphenylglycidate is a standard ingredient in flavoring formulations and perfumery, used for its potent and pleasant scent and taste characteristics.

Ethyl methylphenylglycidate occurs primarily as a synthetic compound utilized extensively as a flavor and fragrance agent. In biological contexts, it is not naturally abundant but mimics aromas found in natural strawberries. Its applications span multiple consumer goods, including flavorings in confectionery, beverages, baked products, and dairy alternatives, as well as perfuming agents in cosmetics and toiletries. Within perfumery, it is valued for fruity, floral, and warm notes, often blended to enrich strawberry or berry accords. The compound's use is regulated under standards such as FEMA (US), where it is listed as FEMA number 2444, and under JECFA (FAO/WHO), confirming its acceptance as a flavoring substance. It serves as a viscosity-controlling agent in cosmetics and contributes to the olfactory complexity of products featuring fruity or floral characters.

Ethyl methylphenylglycidate presents as a moderately dense liquid with a specific gravity ranging from 1.086 to 1.112 at 25 °C and a refractive index between 1.499 and 1.512 at 20 °C. It exhibits a relatively high boiling point, recorded between 272 and 275 °C at atmospheric pressure, indicating significant thermal stability for formulation purposes. The compound has an estimated log P value around 1.655, suggesting moderate lipophilicity which facilitates solubility in various organic solvents and oils, including benzyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, fixed oils, and propylene glycol, while showing limited solubility in glycerin. Its flash point is approximately 200 °F (93 °C), supporting safe handling within defined temperature limits. Low vapor pressure (0.006 mmHg at 25 °C) reduces volatility, enhancing substantivity in perfumery. Shelf life extends to 12 months or longer when refrigerated in sealed containers. Stability across diverse formulations such as creams, lotions, soaps, and detergents indicates versatility and compatibility with typical cosmetic matrices.

	ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	77-83-8
Pubchem (cid):	6501
Pubchem (sid):	134972800

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
CHEMBL:	View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB31729
FooDB:	FDB008392
Export Tariff Code:	2918.90.6000
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View
Formulations/Preparations: grade: fcc (as aldehyde c-16)

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment.
R 36 - Irritating to eyes. R 52/53 - Harmful to qauatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 25 - Avoid contact with eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure (Category 3), Respiratory system, H335
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H315 - Causes skin irritation H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H335 - May cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
P233 - Keep container tightly closed. P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P304 + P340 - IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and Keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P312 - Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. P321 - Specific treatment (see supplemental first aid instructions on this label). P332 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P405 - Store locked up. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Human Experience:
1 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 5470 mg/kg (Jenner et al., 1964) oral-rat LD50 5000 mg/kg (Levenstein, 1976g) oral-rat LD50 5470 mg/kg (Bär & Griepentrog, 1967) oral-guinea pig LD50 [sex: M,F] 4050 mg/kg (Jenner et al., 1964) oral-guinea pig LD50 4050 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964. oral-rat LD50 5470 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): HAIR: OTHER Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964.
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for strawberry glycidate 1 (aldehyde C-16 (so-called)) usage levels up to:
	15.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		205.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA):		1840.00 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI):		ND (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:		90 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class:		III
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	18.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	5.60000
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		-	470.00000
condiments / relishes:		-	-
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	6.70000
fruit ices:		-	6.70000
gelatins / puddings:		-	13.00000
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		-	21.00000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		-	-
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	-
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 31 (FGE.31) - One Epoxide from Chemical Group 32 [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 82 (FGE.82)[1] - Consideration of Epoxides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 82, Revision 1 (FGE.82Rev1): Consideration of Epoxides evaluated by the JECFA (65th meeting) View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):77-83-8

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6501

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WISER:UN 1993

WGK Germany:2

ethyl 3-methyl-3-phenyloxirane-2-carboxylate

Chemidplus:0000077838

EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials

RTECS:MW5250000 for cas# 77-83-8