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amyl alcohol
General Material Information
| Preferred name | amyl alcohol |
| Trivial Name | 1-Pentanol |
| Short Description | pentanol |
| Formula | C5 H12 O |
| CAS Number | 71-41-0 |
| FEMA Number | 2056 |
| Flavis Number | 2.04 |
| ECHA Number | 200-752-1 |
| FDA UNII | M9L931X26Y |
| Nikkaji Number | J1.423K |
| Beilstein Number | 1730975 |
| MDL | MFCD00002977 |
| COE Number | 514 |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 88 amyl alcohol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 71-41-0 ; AMYL ALCOHOL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| pentan-1-ol | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 71-41-0 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 6276 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134972140 |
| Flavornet: | 71-41-0 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C16834 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB13036 |
| FooDB: | FDB008230 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01470 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2905.19.1000 |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Formulations/Preparations: •grade: technical; cp; 98%. •in commerce, however, amyl alcohol is generally a mixture of several isomers, typically 74% (by weight) 1-pentanol, 25% 2-methyl-1-butanol, and 1% 3-methyl-1-butanol. | |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 88.149841308594 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 6.74 to 6.79 |
| Refractive Index | 1.407 to 1.412 @ 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 136 to 138°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 2.2 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 3 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 48.89 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 1.51 |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 2.20E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Fermented | |
| fusel, oily, sweet, balsamic, pungent, fermented, bready, yeasty, winey, solvent | |
| General comment | At 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. fusel oil sweet balsam |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 5, 67, (1997) | Pungent, fermented, bready, yeasty, fusel, winey and solvent-like |
| Flavor Type: Fusel | |
| fusel, fermented, bready, cereal, fruity | |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 5, 67, (1997) | At 50.00 ppm. Intense fusel, fermented, bready and cereal with a fruity undernote |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Eucalyptus oil replacer, Orange bitter orange peel, Oregano |
| Flavoring purposes | Apple, Banana, Beer, Bread, Cereal, Chocolate cocoa, Cranberry, Nut, Orange bitter orange peel, Raspberry, Tomato |
| Cosmetic purposes | Perfuming agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
| R 10 - Flammable. R 20 - Harmful by inhalation. R 37 - Irritating to respiratory system. R 66 - Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 23 - Do not breath fumes. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 5660 ul/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0534716 intravenous-rat LD50 196 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. intraperitoneal-rat LD50 579 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. intraperitoneal-rabbit LD50 140 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. oral-mouse LD50 200 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 35(9), Pg. 88, 1970. intravenous-mouse LD50 184 mg/kg Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 135, Pg. 330, 1962. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 970 mg/kg EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 61, Pg. 321, 1985. intravenous-cat LDLo 122 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 16, Pg. 1, 1920. oral-dog LDLo 1400 mg/kg BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 81, Pg. 192, 1875. parenteral-frog LDLo 2000 mg/kg PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 50, Pg. 296, 1935. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 2830 ul/kg National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0534716 subcutaneous-dog LDLo 1800 mg/kg BLOOD: HEMORRHAGE GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 81, Pg. 192, 1875. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-guinea pig LC > 14000 mg/m3/6H LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BRAIN AND COVERINGS: RECORDINGS FROM SPECIFIC AREAS OF CNS American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 34, Pg. 493, 1973. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for amyl alcohol usage levels up to: | |||
| 0.0500 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Structure Class: | I | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 24.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 18.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | 150.00000 | 340.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 15.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 15.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | 7.70000 | 50.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 35.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 1, Revision 1 (FGE.01Rev 1): Branched-chain aliphatic saturated aldehydes, carboxylic acids and related esters of primary alcohols and branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical groups 1 and 2 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 3, Revision 1 (FGE.03Rev1): Acetals of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and branched- and straight-chain saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, an ester of a hemiacetal and an orthoester of formic acid, from chemical groups 1, 2 & 4 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)on a request from the Commission View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 1 (FGE.05Rev1):Esters of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and of one secondary alcohol, and branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids from chemical groups 1, 2, and 5 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 2, Revision 1 (FGE.02) : Branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and related esters of primary alcohols and straight-chain carboxylic acids and one straight-chain aldehyde from chemical groups 1 and 2 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 15, Revision 1 (FGE.15Rev1) - Aryl-substituted saturated and unsaturated primary alcohol/aldehyde/acid/ester derivatives from chemical group 22 - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 14, Revision 1 (FGE.14Rev1): Phenethyl alcohol, aldehyde, acetals, carboxylic acid and related esters from chemical group 15 and 22 [1] - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 1 (FGE.20Rev1): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 16, Revision 2 (FGE.16Rev2): Aromatic ketones from chemical group 21 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 2 (FGE.20Rev2): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 2 (FGE.05Rev2): Branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters of these with aliphatic saturated alcohols from chemical groups 1, 2, 3 and 5 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 01 Rev2 (FGE.01 Rev2): Branched-chain aliphatic saturated aldehydes, carboxylic acids and related esters of primary alcohols and branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical groups 1 and 2 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 3(FGE.20Rev3): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| Daily Med:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):71-41-0 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6276 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 1105 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| pentan-1-ol |
| Chemidplus:0000071410 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:71-41-0 |