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General Material Information

Preferred name omega-pentadecalactone
Trivial Name Pentadecalactone
Short Description exaltolide (Firmenich)
Formula C15 H28 O2
CAS Number 106-02-5
Deleted CAS Number 81031-90-5
FEMA Number 2840
Flavis Number 10.004
ECHA Number 203-354-6
FDA UNII OK17S3S98K
Nikkaji Number J4.546B
Beilstein Number 0143710
MDL MFCD00039667
COE Number 181
xLogP3-AA 5.80 (est)
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 239 omega-pentadecalactone
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 106-02-5 ; OMEGA-PENTADECALACTONE
Synonyms
  • 15-angelica lactone
  • cyclo penta decanolide
  • 16-oxa cyclohexadecan-1-one
  • oxa cyclohexadecan-2-one
  • 1-oxa-2-cyclohexadecanone
  • exaltex
  • exaltolide (Firmenich)
  • hexaltolide
  • 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid e-lactone
  • 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid lactone
  • 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid omega-lactone
  • 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acid, lactone
  • macrolide (Symrise)
  • macrolide non-FEMA
  • macrolide supra (Symrise)
  • muscolactone
  • muskalactone
  • muskolactone
  • 2-pentadecalone
  • pentadecan-15-olide
  • pentadecane-15-olide
  • pentadecano-1,15-lactone
  • 15-pentadecanolactone
  • pentadecanolid
  • 1,15-pentadecanolide
  • 15-pentadecanolide
  • pentalide (Bedoukian)
  • pentalide (cyclopentadecanolide)
  • 14-oxy tetradecane carbonic acid lactone
  • thibetolide
  • 16-oxacyclohexadecan-1-one
  • Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one
  • Pentadecanoic acid, 15-hydroxy-, ξ-lactone
  • Exaltolide
  • Pentadecanolide
  • Pentadecalactone
  • 1,15-Pentadecanolide
  • Cyclopentadecanolide
  • 2-Pentadecalone
  • 15-Pentadecanolide
  • Pentadecanolactone
  • Pentalide
  • 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid lactone
  • 1-Oxacyclohexadecan-2-one
  • NSC 36763
  • CPE 215
  • cpd Supra
  • ω-Pentadecalactone
  • Macrolide Supra
  • 15-Pentadecanolactone

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Perfumer & Flavorists Start search
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Literature & References

16-oxacyclohexadecan-1-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:106-02-5
Pubchem (cid):235414
Pubchem (sid):134971488
Publications by Google Patents
Preparation of cyclopentadecanolide
Process for the preparation of cyclopentadecanolide
Publications by PubMed
Exploring the Solid State Properties of Enzymatic Poly(amine-co-ester) Terpolymers to Expand their Applications in Gene Transfection.
Method for preparation, programming, and characterization of miniaturized particulate shape-memory polymer matrices.
Micelles of enzymatically synthesized PEG-poly(amine-co-ester) block copolymers as pH-responsive nanocarriers for docetaxel delivery.
Evaluation of PEG and mPEG-co-(PGA-co-PDL) microparticles loaded with sodium diclofenac.
Characterization of CpdC, a large-ring lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. strain HI-70, and its use as a fusion tag facilitating overproduction of proteins in Escherichia coli.
Multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites with magnetically controlled reversible shape-memory effect.
Evaluation of biodegradable polyester-co-lactone microparticles for protein delivery.
Treatment of lung cancer using nanoparticle drug delivery systems.
Dry powder inhalation of macromolecules using novel PEG-co-polyester microparticle carriers.
Upscaling the synthesis of biodegradable multiblock copolymers capable of a shape-memory effect.
Fragrance material review on ω-pentadecalactone.
Biodegradation, biocompatibility, and drug delivery in poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-p-dioxanone) copolyesters.
Poly(glycerol adipate-co-ω-pentadecalactone) spray-dried microparticles as sustained release carriers for pulmonary delivery.
Lipase-catalyzed copolymerization of dialkyl carbonate with 1,4-butanediol and ω-pentadecalactone: synthesis of poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-butylene-co-carbonate).
One-way and reversible dual-shape effect of polymer networks based on polypentadecalactone segments.
Electrospun scaffolds of a polyhydroxyalkanoate consisting of omega-hydroxylpentadecanoate repeat units: fabrication and in vitro biocompatibility studies.
Synthesis of omega-hydroxy carboxylic acids and alpha,omega-dimethyl ketones using alpha,omega-diols as alkylating agents.
Preparation and evaluation of microspheres prepared from novel polyester-ibuprofen conjugates blended with non-conjugated ibuprofen.
Poly(omega-pentadecalactone-co-butylene-co-succinate) nanoparticles as biodegradable carriers for camptothecin delivery.
Scaffold for tissue engineering fabricated by non-isothermal supercritical carbon dioxide foaming of a highly crystalline polyester.
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of aliphatic polyesters via copolymerization of lactone, dialkyl diester, and diol.
Synthesis and evaluation of novel polyester-ibuprofen conjugates for modified drug release.
New oxa-bridged macrocycles.
Encapsulation and release of alpha-chymotrypsin from poly(glycerol adipate-co-omega-pentadecalactone) microparticles.
Lipase catalyzed HEMA initiated ring-opening polymerization: in situ formation of mixed polyester methacrylates by transesterification.
Humicola insolens cutinase-catalyzed lactone ring-opening polymerizations: kinetic and mechanistic studies.
Lipase-catalyzed copolymerization of omega-pentadecalactone with p-dioxanone and characterization of copolymer thermal and crystalline properties.
Enzymatic synthesis and evaluation of new novel omega-pentadecalactone polymers for the production of biodegradable microspheres.
[Analysis of omega-pentadecalactone by thin-layer chromatography].
Cocrystallization of random copolymers of omega-pentadecalactone and epsilon-caprolactone synthesized by lipase catalysis.
Human olfactory contrast changes during the menstrual cycle.
Macrocyclic musk compounds--an absence of genotoxicity in the Ames test and the in vivo Micronucleus assay.
Estrogenic activity of musk fragrances detected by the E-screen assay using human mcf-7 cells.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB34455
FooDB:FDB012864
Export Tariff Code:2932.29.6000
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 240.38656616211
Melting Point 34 to 38°C @ 760 mm Hg
Flash Point TCC Value 104.44 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 6.1
Shelf life 36 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
alcohol Yes
dipropylene glycol Yes
water, 0.1484 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
Stability
alcoholic solution: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified
antiperspirant Unspecified
candle: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified
deodorant spray Unspecified
detergent: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified
hair spray Unspecified
lotion Unspecified
non-discoloring in most media Unspecified
soap: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified
shampoo: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified
shower gel: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified
softener: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified
APC: 0.5 - 5% Unspecified

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Musk
musk, animal, powdery, natural, fruity, tobacco, coumarinic, heliotrope, licorice, brown
Odor strength high , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less
Substantivity 400 hour(s) at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol
Luebke, William tgsc, (1983) At 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. musk animal powdery natural fruity
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 5, 67, (1997) Tobacco, coumarin, heliotropine, powdery, licorice and brown
Flavor Type: Vanilla
vanilla, powdery, heliotrope, creamy, licorice
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 5, 67, (1997) At 75.00 ppm. Vanilla bean, powdery heliotropine, creamy and licorice
General comment Sweet powdery soapy
Useful in: brown nuts, vanilla, fruity red, fruity tropical, fruity others, sweet others, alcoholics. Musk, Perfumistic, Soapy
Vanilla bean, powdery heliotropine, creamy & licorice. Musk

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Odor purposes Abronia, Acacia, Amber, Ambergris, Ambrette oil replacer, Angelica, Animal, Crabapple, Autumn, Azalea, Balsam, Bark, Bayberry, Beeswax absolute replacer, Blackberry, Blueberry, Boronia, Bouquet, Boysenberry, Cabreuva wood, Cassia blossom, Cedar, Cedar forest, Champaca, Cherry blossom, Chypre, Cistus, Citrus, Civet, Clover, Colonia, Country meadow, Cyclamen, Daffodil, Daphne, Dogwood, Fern, Fig, Fir balsam, Fir needle oil replacer, Floral, Flouve, Flouve blossom, Foliage, Frangipani plumeria, Freesia, Genet, Ginger white ginger, Gooseberry, Guaiacwood, Guava, Gurjun balsam, Hawthorn, Hay new mown hay, Heather, Herbal, Hibiscus, Hinoki oil replacer, Hollyberry, Huckleberry, Hugonia, Immortelle, Incense, Kewda, Kiwi, Kiwi blossom, Kumquat, Labdanum, Lavender, Leather, Lemon, Lily, Lily of the valley, Lime, Loganberry, Lotus, Lychee, Mango, Millefleurs, Mimosa, Moss, Mulberry, Musk, Oakwood, Ocean sea, Orange, Orange blossom, Orchid, Oriental, Pansy, Papaya, Passion blossom, Passion fruit, Patchouli, Petunia, Phlox, Pine, Pine forest, Plum, Pomegranate, Poppy, Powder, Privet blossom, Rain, Raspberry, Reseda, Rhubarb, Rose, Rose d'orient, Rose red rose, Rose tea rose, Rose white rose, Sandalwood, Soapy sandalwood moss, Spearmint, Spice, Spring rain, Stephanotis, Sweet grass, Tobacco, Toffee, Tonka bean, Tulip, Vanilla, Verbena, Wintergreen, Wisteria, Woodruff, Woody
Flavoring purposes Angelica, Chocolate cacao, Cistus, Guaiacwood, Immortelle, Licorice red licorice, Tea
Other purposes Cabochard, Chanel #5, Clean, Dusty, Fantasy blends, Fixer, Joy, Rose wild rose, Tabu, Timber, Wool
Cosmetic purposes Fragrance, Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
N - Dangerous for the environment.
R 53 - May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic wnvironment.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogramexclamation-mark.jpg
Signal word Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H302 - Harmful if swallowed
Precautionary statement(s)
P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270 - Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P301 + P312 - IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P330 - Rinse mouth.
P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Human Experience:
10 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
(Levenstein, 1974c)

oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 787, 1975.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 787, 1975.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Dermal sensitization and systemic toxicity
View the IFRA Standard
View IFRA Standards Library for complete information.
Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information.
IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%):
Category 1: Products applied to the lips
0.42 %
Category 2: Products applied to the axillae
0.13 %
Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
2.50 %
Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance
2.40 %
Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.60 %
Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.60 %
Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
0.60 %
Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
0.20 %
Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure
1.40 %
Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact
Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
4.80 %
Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
4.80 %
Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure
0.20 %
Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
4.60 %
Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact
Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products)
4.60 %
Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products
17.00 %
Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate
Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
0.20 %
Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
0.20 %
Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
No Restriction
Notes:
IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS:

Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.

Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 73.00 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -1.50000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -0.27000
beverages(alcoholic): -0.50000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -0.68000
fruit ices: -0.68000
gelatins / puddings: -0.10000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -1.40000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 92 (FGE.92): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (68th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (2009)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf

Safety of 31 flavouring compounds belonging to different chemical groups when used as feed additives for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):106-02-5
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :235414
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 3077
WGK Germany:1
16-oxacyclohexadecan-1-one
Chemidplus:0000106025
RTECS:RN9775000 for cas# 106-02-5