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eugenol
General Material Information
| Preferred name | eugenol |
| Trivial Name | Eugenol |
| Short Description | 4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene |
| Formula | C10 H12 O2 |
| CAS Number | 97-53-0 |
| FEMA Number | 2467 |
| Flavis Number | 4.003 |
| ECHA Number | 202-589-1 |
| FDA UNII | 3T8H1794QW |
| Nikkaji Number | J3.977B |
| Beilstein Number | 1366759 |
| MDL | MFCD00008654 |
| COE Number | 171 |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 1529 eugenol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 97-53-0 ; EUGENOL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 97-53-0 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 3314 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134970633 |
| Flavornet: | 97-53-0 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C10453 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB05809 |
| FooDB: | FDB012171 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01613 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2909.50.4010 |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | Yes |
| Molecular weight | 164.20404052734 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 8.854 to 8.903 |
| Specific gravity | @ 20 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 8.839 to 8.906 |
| Refractive Index | 1.544 to 1.589 @ 20 °C |
| Melting Point | -12 to -10°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 252 to 253°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 121 to 124°C @ 10 mm Hg |
| Acid Value | 1 max KOH/g |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.01 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 93.33 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 2.27 |
| Shelf life | 24 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Solubility | |
| fixed oils | Yes |
| kerosene | Yes |
| paraffin oil, slightly soluble in warm paraffin oil | Yes |
| water, 754 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water, 2460 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | Yes |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Spicy | |
| sweet, spicy, clove, woody, phenolic, savory, ham, bacon, cinnamon, allspice | |
| Odor strength | medium , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less |
| Substantivity | 52 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1984) | At 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. sweet spicy clove woody |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 26, No. 3, 80, (2001) | At 1.00 %. Sweet, spicy, clove like, woody, with phenolic savory ham and bacon notes and cinnamon and allspice nuances |
| Flavor Type: Spicy | |
| spicy, clove, allspice, aromatic, phenolic, woody, oriental, sweet, warm | |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1984) | Spicy clove allspice aromatic phenolic woody oriental |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 26, No. 3, 80, (2001) | At 1.00 - 10.00 ppm. Sweet, warm spicy clove with phenolic and woody nuances |
| General comment | Spicy |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xn - Harmful. | |
| R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. R 42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Skin sensitisation (Category 1), H317 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 2), H401 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |  |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H401 - Toxic to aquatic life | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P272 - Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302 + P352 - IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P333 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P363 - Wash contaminated clothing before reuse. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Human Experience: | |
| 8 % solution: no irritation or sensitization. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 1930 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 73, Pg. 148, 1950. oral-dog LDLo 500 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING Gastroenterology. Vol. 15, Pg. 481, 1950. oral-guinea pig LD50 2130 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964. intratracheal-hamster LD50 17 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 59, Pg. 78, 1986. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 500 mg/kg Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 250, Pg. 1148, 1960. intravenous-mouse LD50 72 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie. Vol. 164, Pg. 30, 1966. oral-mouse LD50 3000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964. intratracheal-rat LD50 11 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CHRONIC PULMONARY EDEMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: STRUCTURAL OR FUNCTIONAL CHANGE IN TRACHEA OR BRONCHI LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 59, Pg. 78, 1986. intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 800 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 16, Pg. 449, 1896. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| subcutaneous-rat LDLo 5000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 16, Pg. 449, 1896. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-rat LC > 2580 mg/m3/4H BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 62, Pg. 381, 1988. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| cosmetic, flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| IFRA Critical Effect: | |||
| Dermal sensitization and systemic toxicity | |||
| View the IFRA Standard | |||
| View IFRA Standards Library for complete information. | |||
| Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information. | |||
| IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%): | |||
| Category 1: Products applied to the lips | |||
| 0.45 % | |||
| Category 2: Products applied to the axillae | |||
| 0.14 % | |||
| Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips | |||
| 1.40 % | |||
| Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance | |||
| 2.50 % | |||
| Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| 0.64 % | |||
| Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| 0.64 % | |||
| Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on | |||
| 0.64 % | |||
| Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc | |||
| 0.21 % | |||
| Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure | |||
| 0.64 % | |||
| Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact | |||
| Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact | |||
| 1.40 % | |||
| Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact | |||
| 1.40 % | |||
| Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure | |||
| 0.21 % | |||
| Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off | |||
| 4.90 % | |||
| Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact | |||
| Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products) | |||
| 4.90 % | |||
| Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products | |||
| 18.00 % | |||
| Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate | |||
| Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure | |||
| 0.21 % | |||
| Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure | |||
| 0.21 % | |||
| Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin | |||
| No Restriction | |||
| Notes: | |||
| IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS: | |||
Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 950.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 3364.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | I | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3. Update in publication number(s): 29 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 15.00000 | 33.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 1.00000 | 2.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 1.50000 | 40.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | 400.00000 | 1320.00000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | 50.00000 | 100.00000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | 625.00000 | 750.00000 | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | 2.00000 | 4.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | - | |
| gelatins / puddings: | 2.00000 | 3.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | 700.00000 | 700.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | 51.00000 | 2000.00000 | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | 10.00000 | 15.00000 | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 60 (FGE.60): Consideration of eugenol and related hydroxyallylbenzene derivatives evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) structurally related to ring- substituted phenolic substances evaluated by EFSA in FGE.22 (2006) View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of allylhydroxybenzenes (chemical group 18) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance eugenol View page or View pdf |
| Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of Liderfeed® (eugenol) for chickens for fattening View page or View pdf |
| Outcome of the consultation with Member States, the applicant and EFSA on the pesticide risk assessment for eugenol in light of confirmatory data View page or View pdf |
| Efficacy of Liderfeed® (eugenol) for chickens for fattening View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):97-53-0 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :3314 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| SCCNFP:opinion |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| 2-methoxy-4-prop-2-enylphenol |
| Chemidplus:0000097530 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:SJ4375000 for cas# 97-53-0 |