(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isobutyrate

(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isobutyrate, also known as cis-3-hexenyl isobutyrate and marketed as Verdural B Extra, is a volatile organic ester with the molecular formula C₁₀H₁₈O₂. It presents as a clear liquid and is chemically classified as an unsaturated aliphatic ester. The molecule is notable for its green fruity aroma profile reminiscent of fresh apple, pear, and tropical fruit notes with subtle leafy undertones, commonly described as fruity and green in sensory evaluations. This compound is naturally found in various plants and fruits including guava, Chinese quince peel, and Scotch spearmint oil. It is listed in the PubChem database (CID 5352539) and is derived or synthesized for use in flavor and fragrance industries. The compound's presence in nature and its pleasant, mild odor make it valuable for imparting fresh fruity qualities in diverse product applications.

(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isobutyrate occurs naturally in several plant sources such as guava fruit, Chinese quince peel, and Scottish spearmint oil. It is primarily applied as a flavor and fragrance ingredient due to its distinctive fruity, green, and fresh odor characteristics. The compound is used to create fruity nuances in products mimicking apple, pear, pineapple, tropical fruits, and nuts. In perfumery, it serves as a perfuming agent contributing green, floral, and herbal facets, supported by IFRA (Global) standards that regulate usage levels for consumer safety. Regulatory frameworks like FEMA (US) recognize it as a GRAS flavoring substance. Its application extends to various consumer goods including baked goods, beverages, confections, chewing gum, and personal care items where fresh, natural fruity notes are desired.

(Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isobutyrate exhibits physical and chemical properties that influence its behavior in formulations. It has a molecular weight of approximately 170.25 g/mol and a moderate estimated octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) of about 3.26, indicating moderate lipophilicity. The specific gravity ranges between 0.879 and 0.889 at 20 °C, and its refractive index varies from 1.424 to 1.432 at the same temperature, consistent with ester liquids. Its vapor density is 5.8 relative to air, correlating with moderate volatility, and vapor pressure is low at 0.182 mmHg at 25 °C, contributing to sustained olfactory presence. The flash point is 67 °C (152 °F), meaning it is combustible at elevated temperatures. Solubility data indicate it is soluble in alcohols and slightly soluble in water (approximately 60 mg/L at 25 °C), which impacts its formulation compatibility. These properties support its use in various liquid and semi-solid fragrance and flavor products where moderate volatility and lipophilicity are advantageous.

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
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tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
CHEMBL:	View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB40213
FooDB:	FDB019925
Export Tariff Code:	2915.60.5000
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/39 - Wear suitable clothing and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M/F] > 25000 mg/kg (Moran et al., 1980) gavage-mouse LD50 [sex: M/F] > 25000 mg/kg (Moran et al., 1980) oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 799, 1979.
Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 799, 1979.
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl isobutyrate usage levels up to:
	2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		12.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA):		18.00 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI):		ND (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:		1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class:		I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 19. Update in publication number(s): 20
Click here to view publication 19
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		16.00000	150.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		2.00000	20.00000
beverages(alcoholic):		4.00000	8.00000
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		15.00000	150.00000
condiments / relishes:		5.00000	50.00000
confectionery froastings:		5.00000	50.00000
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		7.00000	15.00000
fruit ices:		-	-
gelatins / puddings:		-	-
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		5.00000	50.00000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		-	-
milk products:		2.00000	20.00000
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	-
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 62 (FGE.62) Consideration of linear and branched-chain aliphatic unsaturated, unconjugated alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and related esters evaluated by JECFA (61st meeting) structurally related to esters of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and of one secondary alcohol, and branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids evaluated by EFSA in FGE.05 (2005) and to straight- and branched-chain aliphatic unsaturated primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.06 (2004) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 62 Rev1 (FGE.62 Rev1): Consideration of of linear and branched-chain aliphatic unsaturated, unconjugated alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and related esters evaluated by JECFA (61st and 68th meeting) structurally related to branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters of these with aliphatic saturated alcohols evaluated by EFSA in FGE.05Rev2 (2010) and to straight- and branched-chain aliphatic unsaturated primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.06Rev1 (2008) View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of non-conjugated and accumulated unsaturated straight-chain and branched-chain, aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, acids, acetals and esters belonging to chemical group 4 when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

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EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):41519-23-7

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :5352539

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WGK Germany:2

[(Z)-hex-3-enyl] 2-methylpropanoate

Chemidplus:0041519237

RTECS:UA2470200 for cas# 41519-23-7