We have found 46589 results matching your criteria.
Please wait while we search...
  1. 1.
    General Material Information
  2. 2.
    PhysChem Properties
  3. 3.
    Occurrences
  4. 4.
    Organoleptic Properties
  5. 5.
    Suppliers
  6. 6.
    Potential Uses
  7. 7.
    Regulatory & Documentation
  8. 8.
    Safety Information
  9. 9.
    Other Information
  10. 10.
    Blenders & Components
  11. 11.
    Literature & References

camphene

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name camphene
Trivial Name (±)-Camphene
Short Description 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Formula C10 H16
CAS Number 79-92-5
Deleted CAS Number 565-00-4
FEMA Number 2229
FDA UNII G3VG94Z26E
Nikkaji Number J39.020H
MDL MFCD00066603
COE Number 2227
xLogP3-AA 3.30 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 1323 camphene
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 79-92-5 ; CAMPHENE
Synonyms
  • bicyclo 2.2.1 heptane, 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene-
  • bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane, 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene-
  • bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene-
  • DL- camphene
  • dextro,laevo- camphene
  • camphene FCC
  • camphene P&F
  • camphene perfumery 95/97%
  • 3,3-dimethyl-2-methylene norbornane
  • 3,3-dimethyl-2-methylene norcamphane
  • 3,3-dimethyl-2-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • 3,3-dimethyl-2-methylenenorbornane
  • 3,3-dimethyl-2-methylenenorcamphane
  • (+/-)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane
  • (±)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane
  • (1)-2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane
  • 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane
  • 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene norbornane
  • 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo(2.2.1)heptane
  • 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane
  • 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • 6,6-dimethyl-5-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • 6,6-dimethyl-5-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • 2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • 2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylenenorbornane
  • 3,3-Dimethyl-2-methylenenorcamphane
  • 3,3-Dimethyl-2-methylenenorbornane
  • dl-Camphene
  • (±)-Camphene
  • NSC 4165
  • 2-Methylene-3,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
  • YS Camphene
  • 2,2-Dimethyl-3-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

Google Scholar Start search
Google Books Start search
Google Patents Start search
Perfumer & Flavorists Start search
EU Patents Start search
PubMeb Start search
NCBI Start search

Literature & References

6,6-dimethyl-5-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:79-92-5
Pubchem (cid):6616
Pubchem (sid):134971689
Flavornet:79-92-5
Pherobase:View
Publications by PubMed
A Breath Fungal Secondary Metabolite Signature to Diagnose Invasive Aspergillosis.
Fumigant toxicity of basil oil compounds and related compounds to Thrips palmi and Orius strigicollis.
Electronic Circular Dichroism of Chiral Alkenes: B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP Calculations.
Study on cinnamomum oils: compositional pattern of seven species grown in Vietnam.
Chemical analysis of volatile oils from West Himalayan Pindrow Fir Abies pindrow.
Facile Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous TiO2 Ceramics with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance for Micropolluted Pesticide Degradation.
The effect of resin and monoterpenes on spore germination and growth in Fusarium circinatum.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Psammogetoncanescens.
Essential-oil diversity of Salvia tomentosa Mill. in Greece.
Hydrodistillation extraction time effect on essential oil yield, composition, and bioactivity of coriander oil.
Herbivory and climate interact serially to control monoterpene emissions from pinyon pine forests.
Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activities of two closely related species, Alpinia mutica Roxb. and Alpinia latilabris Ridl., from Peninsular Malaysia.
Essential-oil composition of the needles collected from natural populations of Macedonian pine (Pinus peuce Griseb.) from the Scardo-Pindic mountain system.
The volatome of Aspergillus fumigatus.
Chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities of essential oils of plants from burkina faso.
Safety Evaluation of Chrysanthemum indicum L. Flower Oil by Assessing Acute Oral Toxicity, Micronucleus Abnormalities, and Mutagenicity.
Chemotype diversity of indigenous Dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.) populations in Montenegro.
Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) essential oils attenuate hyperglycemia and protect against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Assessment of Volatile Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Jatropha ribifolia (Pohl) Baill by HS-SPME-GC-MS Using Different Fibers.
Identification of wood between Phoebe zhennan and Machilus pingii using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry direct injection technique.
Chemical analysis and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of three Piperaceae species growing in the central region of Cuba.
The Volatile Compounds and Bioactivity of Achillea sieheana Stapf. (Asteraceae).
Cryotrap/SPME/GC/MS method for profiling of monoterpenes in cheese and their clustering according to geographic origin.
A floating macro/mesoporous crystalline anatase TiO2 ceramic with enhanced photocatalytic performance for recalcitrant wastewater degradation.
CYP345E2, an antenna-specific cytochrome P450 from the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, catalyses the oxidation of pine host monoterpene volatiles.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and fatty acids of the flowers of Rhanterium adpressum.
Study on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry fingerprint of Acanthopanax brachypus.
Volatile organic compounds obtained by in vitro callus cultivation of Plectranthus ornatus Codd. (Lamiaceae).
Chemical composition, larvicidal action, and adult repellency of Thymus magnus against Aedes albopictus.
Dietary camphene attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in mice.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of three essential oils from Curcuma wenyujin.
Antinociceptive Activity and Redox Profile of the Monoterpenes (+)-Camphene, p-Cymene, and Geranyl Acetate in Experimental Models.
Participation of citral in the bronchodilatory effect of ginger oil and possible mechanism of action.
Chemical composition of essential oils and in vitro antioxidant activity of fresh and dry leaves crude extracts of medicinal plant of Lactuca Sativa L. native to Sultanate of Oman.
Stability assessment of gas mixtures containing monoterpenes in varying cylinder materials and treatments.
Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Amomum biflorum.
Terpene compound drug as medical expulsive therapy for ureterolithiasis: a meta-analysis.
Seasonal variations in the composition of the essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis, Lamiaceae).
An in-depth review on the medicinal flora Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae).
Reaction of olefins with nitriles under solvent-free conditions using molecular iodine as a catalyst in the presence of water.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Zingiber zerumbet var. darcyi.
Essential oil variation in the populations of Artemisia spicigera from northwest of Iran: chemical composition and antibacterial activity.
Electrostatically guided dynamics--the root of fidelity in a promiscuous terpene synthase?
High diversity of indigenous populations of dalmatian sage (Salvia officinalis L.) in essential-oil composition.
Workplace concentrations and exposure assessment of monoterpenes in rosemary- and lavender-growing greenhouses.
Interactions with β-cyclodextrin as a way for encapsulation and separation of camphene and fenchene.
Thermochemical analysis and kinetics aspects for a chemical model for camphene ozonolysis.
Distillation time alters essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of male Juniperus scopulorum trees.
Study on the volatile oil contents of Annona glabra L., Annona squamosa L., Annona muricata L. and Annona reticulata L., from Vietnam.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of essential oils of Plectranthus cylindraceus and Meriandra benghalensis from Yemen.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of different parts of Seseli rigidum.
Mycotoxicogenic fungal inhibition by innovative cheese cover with aromatic plants.
Antiulcerogenic and antibacterial activities of Apium graveolens essential oil and extract.
Chemical differentiation of Boswellia sacra and Boswellia carterii essential oils by gas chromatography and chiral gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Three-dimensional porous bioscaffolds for bone tissue regeneration: fabrication via adaptive foam reticulation and freeze casting techniques, characterization, and cell study.
Larvicidal activity of ajowan ( Trachyspermum ammi ) and Peru balsam ( Myroxylon pereira ) oils and blends of their constituents against mosquito, Aedes aegypti , acute toxicity on water flea, Daphnia magna , and aqueous residue.
Evaluation of the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and gastric antiulcer activities of the essential oil from Piper aleyreanum C.DC in rodents.
Natural terpenes prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and release of apoptotic proteins during nimesulide-hepatotoxicity in rats.
Reverse freeze casting: a new method for fabricating highly porous titanium scaffolds with aligned large pores.
In vitro control of post-harvest fruit rot fungi by some plant essential oil components.
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Artemisia nilagirica essential oil growing in northern hilly areas of India.
Essential oil of Pinus koraiensis leaves exerts antihyperlipidemic effects via up-regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor and inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase.
Essential oil of three Uvaria species from Ivory Coast.
The effect of harvest periods on the chemical compositions of essential oils of sage (Salvia aucheri L.) leaves.
Chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils from Thymus satureioides and Thymus pallidus.
Multidimensional enantio gas chromtography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-combustion-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry for the authenticity assessment of lime essential oils (C. aurantifolia Swingle and C. latifolia Tanaka).
Camphene, a plant-derived monoterpene, reduces plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats independently of HMG-CoA reductase activity.
Theoretical calculations on carbocations involved in the biosynthesis of bergamotenes and related terpenes--the same and not the same.
Resolving overlaps in diffusion encoded spectra using band-selective pulses in a 3D BEST-DOSY experiment.
Contact toxicity, feeding reduction, and repellency of essential oils from three plants from the ginger family (Zingiberaceae) and their major components against Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium castaneum.
Porous and strong bioactive glass (13-93) scaffolds prepared by unidirectional freezing of camphene-based suspensions.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Juniperus phoenicea L. berries.
Activity of Schinus areira (Anacardiaceae) essential oils against the grain storage pest Tribolium castaneum.
Cloning and characterization of Pfl_1841, a 2-methylenebornane synthase in Pseudomonas fluorescens PfO-1.
Measuring gas-liquid partition coefficients of aroma compounds by solid phase microextraction, sampling either headspace or liquid.
Synthesis of spherical hydroxyapatite granules with interconnected pore channels using camphene emulsion.
Performance of novel nanofibrous biopolymer membrane for guided bone regeneration within rat mandibular defect.
Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of essential oils of Tanacetum parthenium in different developmental stages.
Chemical study and antimalarial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of Melaleuca armillaris (Sol Ex Gateau) Sm essential oil.
Effect of a hay-based diet or different upland grazing systems on milk volatile compounds.
α-Pinene- and β-myrcene-rich volatile fruit oil of Cupressus arizonica Greene from northwest Iran.
Comparative volatile oil composition of four Ocimum species from northern India.
Development of a sampling method for the simultaneous monitoring of straight-chain alkanes, straight-chain saturated carbonyl compounds and monoterpenes in remote areas.
Combined analysis by GC (RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR of the supercritical fluid extract of Abies alba twigs.
Transcriptional response of marine medaka (Oryzias javanicus) on exposure to toxaphene.
J-modulation effects in DOSY experiments and their suppression: the Oneshot45 experiment.
[Analysis of the chemical constituents of volatile oil from Asarum insigne by GC-MS].
Microdistillation and analysis of volatiles from eight ornamental Salvia taxa.
Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
Juice components and antioxidant capacity of four Tunisian Citrus varieties.
Oriented bioactive glass (13-93) scaffolds with controllable pore size by unidirectional freezing of camphene-based suspensions: Microstructure and mechanical response.
Development and validation by accuracy profile of a method for the analysis of monoterpenes in indoor air by active sampling and thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Quantum chemical dissection of the classic terpinyl/pinyl/bornyl/camphyl cation conundrum-the role of pyrophosphate in manipulating pathways to monoterpenes.
Stability assessment of gas mixtures containing terpenes at nominal 5 nmol/mol contained in treated aluminum gas cylinders.
Successful computational modeling of isobornyl chloride ion-pair mechanisms.
Biological activity of the essential oil of Kadsura longipedunculata (Schisandraceae) and its major components.
A comparative study on chemical composition and antioxidant activity of ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum).
[Comparison of volatile oils of cultivated Houttaynia cordata populations with wild].
Composition and immunotoxicity activity of essential oils from leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Aedes aegypti L.
Composition and biological properties of the volatile oil of Artemisia gorgonum Webb.
MSU-S mesoporous materials: an efficient catalyst for isomerization of alpha-pinene.
Acaricidal and quantitative structure activity relationship of monoterpenes against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae.
Compositional variability in essential oil from different parts of Alpinia speciosa from India.
Antibacterial activity and the variation of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz Bip. essential oils from Turkey.
Essential oil composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the aerial parts of Salvia eremophila Boiss. from Iran.
Chemotypes of Pistacia atlantica leaf essential oils from Algeria.
Comparative chemical composition and antiproliferative activity of aerial parts of Salvia leriifolia Benth. and Salvia acetabulosa L. essential oils against human tumor cell in vitro models.
Rosmarinus officinalis L.: chemical modifications of the essential oil and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.
Cannabinoid receptor 1 binding activity and quantitative analysis of Cannabis sativa L. smoke and vapor.
Chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil of Artemisia incana (L.) Druce and antimicrobial activity against foodborne microorganisms.
Influence of growth phase and geographic origin on the essential oil composition of Pituranthos chloranthus from Tunisia.
Fingerprint of selected Salvia species by HS-GC-MS analysis of their volatile fraction.
Multiple ultrafast, broadband 2D NMR spectra of hyperpolarized natural products.
Composition and seasonal variation of the essential oil from Abies sachalinensis from Hokkaido, Japan.
In vitro biological activity of Salvia leriifolia benth essential oil relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Biological effects of some natural and chemical compounds on the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae).
Temperature-dependent release of volatile organic compounds of eucalypts by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry.
Terpenoid emissions from Quercus robur. A case study of Galicia (NW Spain).
Effects of a thiosemicarbazide camphene derivative on Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
Radical Scavenging Activity of the Essential Oil of Silver Fir (Abies alba).
Comparative analysis of chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Abies holophylla and Abies koreana activities of essential oils from Abies holophylla and Abies koreana.
Fumigant and contact toxicities of monoterpenes to Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and their inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase activity.
Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Artemisia fragrans Willd. leaves and roots from Iran.
Formation and stability of secondary ozonides from monoterpenes studied by mass spectrometry.
[Analysis of volatile oil in pre and post processed pieces of Eriobotrya japonica by GC-MS].
Essential oil variability in natural populations of Picea omorika, a rare European conifer.
Tissue engineering polymeric microcarriers with macroporous morphology and bone-bioactive surface.
Comparative analysis of essential oils from eight herbal medicines with pungent flavor and cool nature by GC-MS and chemometric resolution methods.
Antinociceptive effect and GC/MS analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil from its aerial parts.
[Characterization of chemical components of essential oil from flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium produced in Anhui province].
Preparation of porous bioactive ceramic microspheres and in vitro osteoblastic culturing for tissue engineering application.
Plant derived antioxidants - Geraniol and camphene protect rat alveolar macrophages against t-BHP induced oxidative stress.
Fabrication of HA/TCP scaffolds with a graded and porous structure using a camphene-based freeze-casting method.
Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase.
Variability of the needle essential oils of Pinus peuce from different populations in Montenegro and Serbia.
Anti-inflammation activity of fruit essential oil from Cinnamomum insularimontanum Hayata.
Speedy component resolution: an improved tool for processing diffusion-ordered spectroscopy data.
Mass propagation and essential oil analysis of Artemisia vulgaris.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from cones of Pinus koraiensis.
The essential oil qualitative and quantitative composition in the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. growing along industrial transects.
Characterization of volatile components in dry chrysanthemum flowers using headspace-liquid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography.
Effects of cis-beta-ocimene, cis-sabinene hydrate, and monoterpene and sesquiterpene mixtures on alfalfa pellet intake by lambs.
2-exo,5-endo,8,8,10-Penta-chloro-bornane.
GC/MS of terpenes in walnut-tree leaves after accelerated solvent extraction.
Bimolecular and unimolecular contributions to the disparate self-chemical ionizations of alpha-pinene and camphene isomers.
Volatile chemical constituents of Piper aduncum L and Piper gibbilimbum C. DC (Piperaceae) from Papua New Guinea.
Baseline isotopic data of polyhalogenated compounds.
Chemical compositions of the essential oils of stems, leaves and flowers of Prangos acaulis (Dc) Bornm.
Selective ring expansion alkylation of formyl[2.2.1]bicyclic carbinols with C-nucleophiles: a unique route to cyclopentane derivatives.
Essential oil composition of terminal branches, cones and roots of Tetraclinis articulata from Tunisia.
Cloning and functional characterization of three terpene synthases from lavender (Lavandula angustifolia).
Variability of the needle essential oils of Pinus heldreichii from different populations in Montenegro and Serbia.
Volatile organic compounds of Angelica gigas Nakai, Korean medicinal herb.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew. of Iran.
Composition, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of essential oils from Aristolochia mollissima.
Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of essential oil from seeds and aerial parts of Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss gathered in Nevakoh and Shahoo, Zagross mountain, West of Iran.
Temperature dependence of the optical rotation in six bicyclic organic molecules calculated by vibrational averaging.
Assessment and implications of intraspecific and phenological variability in monoterpenes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) foliage.
Analysis of leaf volatiles of Zanthoxylum gillettii used in folk medicine of Cameroon.
The essential oil of Solvia cabulica.
Plant coexistence alters terpene emission and content of Mediterranean species.
Biotransformation of terpenoids by mammals, microorganisms, and plant-cultured cells.
Anticonflict effects of lavender oil and identification of its active constituents.
Synthesis of low and high chlorinated toxaphene and comparison of their toxicity by zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo test.
The formation of ultra-fine particles during ozone-initiated oxidations with terpenes emitted from natural paint.
[Analysis of volatile constituents in leaves of three cypress species by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry].
Difference in the volatile composition of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) according to their grades.
Maternal food provisioning in relation to condition-dependent offspring odours in burrower bugs (Sehirus cinctus).
Defensive secretion components of the host Parastizopus armaticeps as kairomones for the cleptoparasite Eremostibes opacus.
Synthesis of two major toxaphene components and their photostabilities.
Establishing a chromium-reactor design for measuring delta2H values of solid polyhalogenated compounds using direct elemental analysis and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from the leaves of Sesuvium portulacastrum.
Improving pulse sequences for 3D DOSY: convection compensation.
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emissions from Abies alba in a French forest.
Allelopathic effects of volatile monoterpenoids produced by Salvia leucophylla: Inhibition of cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in the root apical meristem of Brassica campestris seedlings.
Analysis of aroma and phenolic components of selected Achillea species.
Mutational analysis of a monoterpene synthase reaction: altered catalysis through directed mutagenesis of (-)-pinene synthase from Abies grandis.
How rainfall, relative humidity and temperature influence volatile emissions from apple trees in situ.
Changes in anatomy and terpene chemistry in roots of Douglas-fir seedlings following treatment with methyl jasmonate.
Characterization of four terpene synthase cDNAs from methyl jasmonate-induced Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii.
Measurements of biogenic hydrocarbons and carbonyl compounds emitted by trees from temperate warm Atlantic rainforest, Brazil.
Application of artificial neural network on mono- and sesquiterpenes compounds determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the Piedmont ricotta cheese traceability.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry study of the essential oils of Schinus longifolia (Lindl.) speg., Schinus fasciculata (Griseb.) I. M. Johnst., and Schinus areira L.
Main compounds responsible for off-odour of strawberries infected by Phytophthora cactorum.
Characteristic odor components of kumquat (Fortunella japonica Swingle) peel oil.
Identification of an EcoRI restriction site for a rapid and precise determination of beta-asarone-free Acorus calamus cytotypes.
The effect of selected monoterpenoids on the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum NC4.
(M)VOC and composting facilities. Part 2: (M)VOC dispersal in the environment.
Full-scale chamber investigation and simulation of air freshener emissions in the presence of ozone.
Essential oil of Valeriana officinalis L. cultivars and their antimicrobial activity as influenced by harvesting time under commercial organic cultivation.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the gum of Turkish pistachio (Pistacia vera L.).
chemical composition, plant genetic differences, antimicrobial and antifungal activity investigation of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L.
Ion exchange resins as catalyst for the isomerization of alpha-pinene to camphene.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Artemisia iwayomogi.
Effect of the volatile constituents isolated from Thymus albicans, Th. mastichina, Th. carnosus and Thymbra capitata in sunflower oil.
Antioxidative properties of the essential oil from Pinus mugo.
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of essential oils from Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth.
Processing DOSY spectra using the regularized resolvent transform.
Attempt to unravel the composition of toxaphene by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with selective detection.
Evaluation of different formulation studies on air-filled polymeric microcapsules by multivariate analysis.
Essential oils produced by in vitro shoots of sage (Salvia officinalis L.).
[GC-MS analysis of essential oil components of Alpinia oxphylla].
[Chemical constituents of the essential oil from the fruits of Lindera glauca and its antifungal activities].
Effects of four mono- and sesquiterpenes on the consumption of alfalfa pellets by sheep.
Volatile emissions of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, and the influence of hemlock woolly adelgid.
Altered host plant volatiles are proxies for sex pheromones in the gall wasp Antistrophus rufus.
Wet effluent diffusion denuder technique and the determination of volatile organic compounds in air. II. Monoterpenes.
Radiocarbon content of synthetic and natural semi-volatile halogenated organic compounds.
Sensitive indoor air monitoring of monoterpenes using different adsorbents and thermal desorption gas chromatography with mass-selective detection.
Identification of odoriferous compounds from adults of a swallowtail butterfly, Papilio machaon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).
[Effects of volatiles from different trophic level on foraging behavior of Aphidius avenae].
Age and space distributions of monoterpenes in fresh needles of Picea abies (L) Karst. Determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
A DFT Study of the Camphene Hydrochloride Rearrangement.
[Chemical constituents of essential oil from roots and rhizomes of Valeriana alernifolia Bunge].
[Analysis of essential oil from rhizoma Zingiberis by GC-MS].
Foliar and cortex oleoresin variability of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in Albania.
Correspondence of soldier defense secretion mixtures with cuticular hydrocarbon phenotypes for chemotaxonomy of the termite genus Reticulitermes in North America.
Seasonal changes in the composition of the essential oil extract of East Mediterranean sage (Salvia libanotica) and its toxicity in mice.
Organ- and season-dependent variation in the essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis L. cultivated at two different sites.
Seasonal variation of monoterpene emission from Malus domestica and Prunus avium.
Air-filled polymeric microcapsules from emulsions containing different organic phases.
Volatile sulfur production by pig cecal bacteria in batch culture and screening inhibitors of sulfate reducing bacteria.
Variation in volatile compounds from tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) related to genetic and morphological differences of genotypes.
Inter-population differences in the essential oils of Pinus caribaea needles.
Preparation of polymeric microcapsules: formulation studies.
Monoterpene synthase activities in leaves of Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Quercus ilex L.
Relative retention times of chlorinated monoterpenes.
Chemical composition of essential oils from needles and twigs of balkan pine (Pinus peuce grisebach) grown in Northern Greece.
Examination of the enantiomeric distribution of certain monoterpene hydrocarbons in selected essential oils by automated solid-phase microextraction-chiral gas chromatography-mass selective detection.
Toxaphenes and chlorinated naphthalenes in adipose tissue of children.
Application of gas chromatography-cryocondensation-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the identification of gas phase reaction products from the alpha-pinene/ozone reaction.
Volatile components of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of Echinacea species.
Airborne Compositae dermatitis: monoterpenes and no parthenolide are released from flowering Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) plants.
cDNA cloning, characterization, and functional expression of four new monoterpene synthase members of the Tpsd gene family from grand fir (Abies grandis).
The effects of selected cotton-leaf volatiles on growth, development and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus parasiticus.
Monoterpene synthases from common sage (Salvia officinalis). cDNA isolation, characterization, and functional expression of (+)-sabinene synthase, 1,8-cineole synthase, and (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase.
Congener specific PCB and polychlorinated camphene (toxaphene) levels in Svalbard ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in relation to sex, age, condition and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity.
A three-dimensional DOSY-HMQC experiment for the high-resolution analysis of complex mixtures
Coulter counting and light diffraction analysis applied to characterisation of oil-water emulsions.
[Chemical constituents of fructus Amomi].
Chemical and antibacterial studies of two Helichrysum species of Greek origin.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Piper angustifolium.
Decomposition of Terpenes by Ozone during Sampling on Tenax.
Effects of biotic and abiotic stress on induced accumulation of terpenes and phenolics in red pines inoculated with bark beetle-vectored fungus.
Foliage constituents of douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco (Pinaceae)): Their seasonal variation and potential role in douglas fir resistance and silviculture management.
Chromatographic studies of the enantiomeric composition of some therapeutic compositions applied in the treatment of liver and kidney diseases.
Stereochemistry of the proton elimination in the formation of (+)- and (-)-alpha-pinene by monoterpene cyclases from sage (Salvia officinalis).
Monoterpene biosynthesis: isotope effects associated with bicyclic olefin formation catalyzed by pinene synthases from sage (Salvia officinalis).
Measurement of monoterpene hydrocarbon levels in vapor phase surrounding single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla Torr. & Frem.: Pinaceae) understory litter.
The Ca(2+)-transport-ATPase of human erythrocytes as an in vitro toxicity test system--acute effects of some chlorinated compounds.
Technique for using microencapsulated terpenes in lepidopteran artificial diets.
Composition of the Essential Oil of Cymbopogon travancorensis.
Isolation of pheromone synergists of bark beetle,Pityogenes chalcographus, from complex insect-plant odors by fractionation and subtractive-combination bioassay.
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes: stereochemistry of the coupled isomerization and cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to camphane and isocamphane monoterpenes.
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Stereochemical implications of acyclic and monocyclic olefin formation by (+)- and (-)-pinene cyclases from sage.
Field responses of certain forest Coleoptera to conifer monoterpenes and ethanol.
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of (+)- and (-)-linalyl pyrophosphate to (+)- and (-)-pinene and (+)- and (-)-camphene.
Resolution of monoterpene enantiomers by gas chromatography.
Olfactory responses of a specialist and a generalist grasshopper to volatiles ofArtemisia ludoviciana nutt. (Asteraceae).
Electroantennogram responses by mountain pine beetles,Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, exposed to selected semiochemicals.
Terpene cyclase catalysis in organic solvent/minimal water media: demonstration and optimization of (+)-alpha-pinene cyclase activity.
Volatile Constituents of Artemisia nilagirica.
Monoterpene oviposition stimulants ofDioryctria amatella in volatiles from fusiform rust galls and second-year loblolly pine cones.
Olfactory discrimination of structurally related molecules: receptor cell responses to camphoraceous odorants.
Pinene cyclases I and II. Two enzymes from sage (Salvia officinalis) which catalyze stereospecific cyclizations of geranyl pyrophosphate to monoterpene olefins of opposite configuration.
Antennal olfactory responsiveness of Douglas-fir beetle,Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to pheromones and host odors.
Widespread occurrence of the pesticide toxaphene in Canadian east coast marine fish.
[Percutaneous absorption of various terpenes - menthol, camphene, limonene, isoborneol-acetate, alpha-pinene - from foam baths (author's transl)].
Effect of toxaphene, camphene, and cedar oil on methyl parathion residues on cotton.
[Pharmacological studies with an ointment containing menthol, camphene and essential oils for broncholytic and secretolytic effects].
Some effects of douglas fir terpenes on certain microorganisms.
Terpenoid biotransformation in mammals. II: Biotransformation of dl-camphene in rabbits.
Adenosine triphosphatase activities in brain, kidney and liver of mice treated with toxaphene.
Synthesis of and allergic contact dermatitis to bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptyl-alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones derived from norbornene and camphene.
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of volatile organic compounds in an urban atmosphere.
Microbiological transformations of terpenes: Part XXII--Enzymes involved in the degradation of camphene in the Pseudomonas camphene strain.
Microbiological transformations of terpenes: Part XXI-growth & adaptation studies on the degradation of camphene by the Pseudomonas camphene strain.
Microbiological transformations of terpenes. XX. Fermentation of camphene by a soil pseudomonad (Camphene strain).
Application of the camphene technique in the examination of teeth by scanning electron microscopy.
Nutmeg oil and camphene as inhaled expectorants.
Nutmeg oil and camphene as inhaled expectorants.
Effect of various essential oils isolated from Douglas fir needles upon sheep and deer rumen microbial activity.
Scolytid beetles associated with douglas fir: response to terpenes.
RESPIRATORY HAZARDS OF CHLORINATED CAMPHENE.
[Study of some substances, derived from terpenes, capable of increasing the sensitivity of the indicators of syphilitic regains (camphene, isoborneol, thymol, menthol)].
The Physiological Action of some Camphene Phosphonates of Sodium.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C06076
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB59839
FooDB:FDB009065
Export Tariff Code:2902.19.0050
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•commercial product may contain approx 20% tricyclene. •toxaphene is described as the mixed isomers of chlorinated camphene containing 67 to 69 percent chlorine. •grades of purity: commercial, 75% or greater •technical

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 136.23751831055
Boiling Point 159 to 160°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 78 to 79°C @ 50 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 3 mmHg @ 20 °C
Vapor Density 4.7
Flash Point TCC Value 35 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 4.35
Shelf life 24 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
alcohol Yes
dipropylene glycol Yes
fixed oils Yes
water, 4.6 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) Yes
water No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Woody
woody, herbal, fir needle, camphoreous, cooling, pine, terpenic, citrus, green, minty, spicy
Odor strength medium , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less
Substantivity < 1 hour(s) at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol
Luebke, William tgsc, (1997) At 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. woody herbal fir needle
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 25, No. 6, 26, (2000) At 10.00 %. Camphoraceous, cooling, piney woody with terpy nuances. It has citrus and green minty and green spicy notes
Flavor Type: Camphoreous
camphoreous, cooling, minty, citrus, green, spicy
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 25, No. 6, 26, (2000) At 50.00 - 100.00 ppm. Camphoraceous, cooling, minty, with citrus and green spicy nuances
General comment Harsh, fresh camphoraceous, terpene-like

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment.
R 36 - Irritating to eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319
Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H400
Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H410
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogramflame.jpgexclamation-mark.jpgenvironment.jpg
Signal word Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H228 - Flammable solid
H319 - Causes serious eye irritation
H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life
H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Precautionary statement(s)
P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.
P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment.
P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment.
P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P273 - Avoid release to the environment.
P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention.
P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction.
P391 - Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment
P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Human Experience:
4 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
One dose tested.
(Moreno, 1974m)

intraperitoneal-mouse LD > 500 mg/kg
"Summary Tables of Biological Tests," National Research Council Chemical-Biological Coordination Center. Vol. 4, Pg. 376, 1952.

oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 735, 1975.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 2500 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 735, 1975.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for camphene usage levels up to:
9.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 13.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 28.00 (μg/capita/day)
Threshold of Concern:1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -27.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 40.0000090.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -20.00000
fruit ices: -20.00000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -160.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, (FGE.25)[1] - Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 78 (FGE.78)[1] - Consideration of Aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives,Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25Rev1: Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev2
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31
View page or View pdf

Statement on List of Representative Substances for Testing. The current Statement lays down a list of substances in sub-groups with representative substances for which additional data are required prior to their evaluation through the Procedure (Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000).
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (chemical group 31) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 2 (FGE.78Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev3
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of eight compounds belonging to chemical group 31 (aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons) when used as flavourings for all animal species and categories
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):79-92-5
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6616
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 1325
WGK Germany:2
6,6-dimethyl-5-methylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
Chemidplus:0000079925
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:79-92-5