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citronellol

General Material Information

Preferred name	citronellol
Trivial Name	3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol
Short Description	3,7-dimethyl-6-octenol
Formula	C10 H20 O
CAS Number	106-22-9
CAS Number	26489-01-0
Deleted CAS Number	1335-43-9
FEMA Number	2309
ECHA Number	203-375-0
FDA UNII	565OK72VNF
Nikkaji Number	J3.238G
Beilstein Number	1721507
MDL	MFCD00002935
COE Number	59
xLogP3-AA	3.20 (est)
Bio Activity Summary	External link
NMR Predictor	External link
JECFA Food Flavoring	1219 DL-citronellol
FDA Patent	No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm	106-22-9 ; DL-CITRONELLOL
Synonyms	.beta.- citronellol (.+/-.)- citronellol (+/-)- citronellol (+/-)-beta- citronellol (±)- citronellol beta- citronellol DL- citronellol citronellol (ex eucalyptus citriodora) citronellol –dextro citronellol 70 citronellol 700 citronellol 750 citronellol 80 citronellol 85 citronellol 90/92 citronellol 95 citronellol 950 citronellol 96/98 citronellol AJ citronellol BRI citronellol coeur citronellol coeur FCC (synthetic) citronellol extra citronellol extra 93/95% FCC citronellol extra FCC citronellol FCC citronellol givco extra (Givaudan) citronellol HMS citronnelle citronellol natural citronellol prime citronellol pure citronellol pure FCC citronellol regular citronellol synthetic FCC citronellol, natural citronellyl alcohol 2,6-dimethyl-2-octen-8-ol 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenol 3,7-dimethyl-oct-6-en-1-ol 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol elenol 6-octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl- 6-octen-1-ol,7-dimethyl-

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Literature & References

Leffingwell:	Chirality or Article
	3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	106-22-9
Pubchem (cid):	8842
Pubchem (sid):	134971625
Flavornet:	106-22-9
Pherobase:	View
	3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	26489-01-0
Pubchem (cid):	8842
Pubchem (sid):	134996399

Publications by PubMed
Characterization of skin sensitizers from autoxidized citronellolâ-âimpact of the terpene structure on the autoxidation process.
Diurnal Variation of Essential of the Oil Components of Pycnocycla spinosa Decne. ex Boiss.
Airborne Antituberculosis Activity of Eucalyptus citriodora Essential Oil.
Enantioselectivity of the bioconversion of chiral citronellal during the inhibition of wheat seeds germination.
Application of lipase immobilized on the biocompatible ternary blend polymer matrix for synthesis of citronellyl acetate in non-aqueous media: kinetic modelling study.
Synthesis and Properties of Cholesteryl 4-(Alkanoylamino)benzoates: Liquid Crystals and Organogelators.
Prediction of Muscat aroma in table grape by analysis of rose oxide.
Anti-fungal activity of Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil against Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum.
Pinot Noir wine composition from different vine vigour zones classified by remote imaging technology.
Impact of glutathione-enriched inactive dry yeast preparations on the stability of terpenes during model wine aging.
Inhibitory effect of Rosa damascena Mill flower essential oil, geraniol and citronellol on rat ileum contraction.
Flowery odor formation revealed by differential expression of monoterpene biosynthetic genes and monoterpene accumulation in rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.).
Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of plant essential oils from Benin against Anopheles gambiae (Giles).
Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity of the essential oils of four Cymbopogon species from Benin.
Behavioral and toxicological responses of Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) to 10 monoterpene alcohols.
Evaluation of biological and chemical insect repellents and their potential adverse effects.
Biotransformations of terpenes by fungi from Amazonian citrus plants.
Rose geranium essential oil as a source of new and safe anti-inflammatory drugs.
Odorant binding proteins: a biotechnological tool for odour control.
Development and characterization of essential oil component-based polymer films: a potential approach to reduce bacterial biofilm.
Bioefficacy of acyclic monoterpenes and their saturated derivatives against the West Nile vector Culex pipiens.
Changes in growth, essential oil yield and composition of geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) as affected by growing media.
Formulation and stability of a soap microemulsion and the apparent pK(A) herein.
Molluscicidal and larvicidal activities and essential oil composition of Cymbopogon winterianus.
Divergent diastereoselective synthesis of iridomyrmecin, isoiridomyrmecin, teucrimulactone, and dolicholactone from citronellol.
Cytosolic monoterpene biosynthesis is supported by plastid-generated geranyl diphosphate substrate in transgenic tomato fruits.
Antibacterial, cytotoxic activities and chemical composition of fruits of two Cameroonian Zanthoxylum species.
Multi-analyte approach for determining the extraction of tobacco constituents from pouched snus by consumers during use.
Chemical composition and in vitro biological activities of the essential oil of Vepris macrophylla (BAKER) I.VERD. endemic to Madagascar.
Insecticidal and biting deterrent activity of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) essential oils and individual compounds against Stephanitis pyrioides and Aedes aegypti.
Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry, flame ionization detection and elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for characterizing and detecting the authenticity of commercial essential oils of Rosa damascena Mill.
Inhibitory effects of geranic acid derivatives on melanin biosynthesis.
Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils and organic extracts from Pelargonium graveolens growing in Tunisia.
Antibacterial activity and composition of essential oils from Pelargonium graveolens L'Her and Vitex agnus-castus L.
Genetic analysis of geraniol metabolism during fermentation.
Comparison of photo-oxidation reactions in batch and a new photosensitizer-immobilized microfluidic device.
QTL mapping of the production of wine aroma compounds by yeast.
Specificity of Ocimum basilicum geraniol synthase modified by its expression in different heterologous systems.
A somaclonal variant of rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp.) with moderately high content of isomenthone in its essential oil.
Evaluation of a potential starter culture for enhance quality of coffee fermentation.
Citronellol reduces orofacial nociceptive behaviour in mice - evidence of involvement of retrosplenial cortex and periaqueductal grey areas.
Formation of ethylene-silica nanofibers with concentric circular mesopores inside and lamellar mesopores on the surfaces.
Nematicidal activity of terpenoids.
Chemical composition and biological activities of polar extracts and essential oil of rose-scented geranium, Pelargonium graveolens.
Olfactory discrimination ability of South African fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus) for enantiomers.
Fumigant antifungal activity of Myrtaceae essential oils and constituents from Leptospermum petersonii against three Aspergillus species.
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her. and Artemisia arborescens L. essential oils: chemical composition, antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and insecticidal activity against Rhysopertha dominica.
Functional characterization of SlscADH1, a fruit-ripening-associated short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase of tomato.
Influence of extraction methodologies on the analysis of five major volatile aromatic compounds of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) grown in Thailand.
Growth-inhibiting effects of Paeonia lactiflora root steam distillate constituents and structurally related compounds on human intestinal bacteria.
Co-expression of Î± and Î² subunits of the 3-methylcrotonyl-coenzyme A carboxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Fermentation of three varieties of mango juices with a mixture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Williopsis saturnus var. mrakii.
Terpene glycosides from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and their hemostatic activities.
Patch tests with fragrance mix II and its components.
Ruthenium-catalyzed redox isomerization of trifluoromethylated allylic alcohols: mechanistic evidence for an enantiospecific pathway.
Virtual screening and in vitro assay of potential drug like inhibitors from spices against Glutathione-S-Transferase of Meloidogyne incognita.
Inhibition of cholinesterase by essential oil from food plant.
Determination of terpene alcohols in Sicilian Muscat wines by HS-SPME-GC-MS.
Insecticidal activity of individual and mixed monoterpenoids of geranium essential oil against Pediculus humanus capitis (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae).
Citronellol, a monoterpene alcohol, reduces nociceptive and inflammatory activities in rodents.
Fast screening of terpenes in fragrance-free cosmetics by fluorescence quenching on a fluorescein-bovine serum albumin probe confined in a drop.
In silico analysis of enzyme involved in enrichment of citronella oil.
Comparative efficacy of new commercial pediculicides against adults and eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice).
Triple-channel microreactor for biphasic gas-liquid reactions: Photosensitized oxygenations.
Improved activity and stability of Rhizopus oryzae lipase via immobilization for citronellol ester synthesis in supercritical carbon dioxide.
The feasibility of growing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for citronellol production in a continuous-closed-gas-loop bioreactor (CCGLB).
Repellent constituents of essential oil of Cymbopogon distans aerial parts against two stored-product insects.
Citronellol disrupts membrane integrity by inducing free radical generation.
Characterization of two distinct glycosyl hydrolase family 78 alpha-L-rhamnosidases from Pediococcus acidilactici.
Impact of cover crops in vineyard on the aroma compounds of Vitis vinifera L. cv Cabernet Sauvignon wine.
Characterization of odor-active compounds of various cherry wines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-olfactometry and their correlation with sensory attributes.
Volatile constituents of essential oil and rose water of damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) cultivars from North Indian hills.
Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae.
Citronellol and geraniol, components of rose oil, activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Î± and Î³ and suppress cyclooxygenase-2 expression.
Antibacterial activity of essential oils from Eucalyptus and of selected components against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
Virtual screening and in vitro assay of potential drug like inhibitors from spices against glutathione-S-transferase of filarial nematodes.
Characteristic volatile components of Kabosu (Citrus sphaerocarpa Hort. ex Tanaka).
Chemical characterization (GC/MS and NMR Fingerprinting) and bioactivities of South-African Pelargonium capitatum (L.) L'âHer. (Geraniaceae) essential oil.
Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon winterianus jowitt ex bor against Candida albicans.
Anointing chemicals and hematophagous arthropods: responses by ticks and mosquitoes to citrus (Rutaceae) peel exudates and monoterpene components.
Anti-barnacle activity of novel simple alkyl isocyanides derived from citronellol.
[Analysis of volatile oil from different parts of Litsea cubeba].
Comparative toxicity of oxygenated monoterpenoids in experimental hydroalcoholic lotions to permethrin-resistant adult head lice.
Preservatives and fragrances in selected consumer-available cosmetics and detergents.
Hypotensive activity of terpenes found in essential oils.
Comparative analysis of headspace volatiles of Chinese Rosa rugosa.
Volatile compounds and sensory attributes of wine from Cv. Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) grown under differential levels of water deficit with or without a kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film.
Patch testing with fragrance mix II: results of the IVDK 2005-2008.
Top 10 botanical ingredients in 2010 anti-aging creams.
The antigerminative activity of twenty-seven monoterpenes.
Activation of the human transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 by essential oils.
Sorbent trapping solid-phase microextraction of fragrance allergens in indoor air.
Evaluation of semiochemical toxicity to houseflies and stable flies (Diptera: Muscidae).
Composition and immunotoxicity activity of essential oils from leaves of Zingiber officinale Roscoe against Aedes aegypti L.
Inhibitory effects of citronellol and geraniol on nitric oxide and prostaglandin Eâproduction in macrophages.
Determination of suspected allergens in cosmetic products by headspace-programmed temperature vaporization-fast gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry.
Catabolism of citronellol and related acyclic terpenoids in pseudomonads.
Preparation of helical mesoporous ethylene-silica nanofibers with lamellar mesopores on the surfaces.
Evolution of aroma and phenolic compounds during ripening of 'superior seedless' grapes.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from New Caledonian Citrus macroptera and Citrus hystrix.
Biotransformation of hop-derived monoterpene alcohols by lager yeast and their contribution to the flavor of hopped beer.
Evaluation of anti-Candida potential of geranium oil constituents against clinical isolates of Candida albicans differentially sensitive to fluconazole: inhibition of growth, dimorphism and sensitization.
Bioactivity against Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus citriodora essential oils grown in Colombia.
Enantioselective synthesis of Bakuchiol using diazosulfonate C-H insertion to install the quaternary center.
In vitro human skin penetration of geraniol and citronellol.
Evaluation of semiochemical toxicity to Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Anopheles quadrimaculatus (Diptera: Culicidae).
Genetic dissection of scent metabolic profiles in diploid rose populations.
Quantitative determination of some volatile suspected allergens in cosmetic creams spread on skin by direct contact sorptive tape extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Survey of Thymus migricus essential oil on aflatoxin inhibition in Aspergillus flavus.
Quantitative comparison of free and bound volatiles of two commercial tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.) during ripening.
Hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of citronellol, a monoterpene alcohol, in rats.
Toward tubulysin: gram-scale synthesis of tubuvaline-tubuphenylalanine fragment.
Volatility of fragrance chemicals: patch testing implications.
Comparison of volatile profiles of nine litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivars from Southern China.
Repellent activity of essential oils: a review.
Characterization and antioxidant activity of essential oils from fresh and decaying leaves of Eucalyptus tereticornis.
Food protective effect of geraniol and its congeners against stored food mites.
Inhibitory effects of Ephedra major Host on Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production.
Cooperative interaction of monoterpenes and phenylpropanoids on the in vitro human skin permeation of complex composed essential oils.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa liuE gene encodes the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase, involved in leucine and acyclic terpene catabolism.
Partial oxidation of allylic and primary alcohols with O(2) by photoexcited TiO(2).
Polyvalent type IV sensitizations to multiple fragrances and a skin protection cream in a metal worker.
Expeditious construction of (+)-mintlactone via intramolecular hetero-Pauson-Khand reaction.
Antimicrobial activities of components of the glandular secretions of leaf cutting ants of the genus Atta.
Biotransformation of menthol and geraniol by hairy root cultures of Anethum graveolens: effect on growth and volatile components.
Male-produced aggregation pheromone blend in Platypus koryoensis.
Menthol and geraniol biotransformation and glycosylation capacity of Levisticum officinale hairy roots.
Effect of citronellol and the Chinese medical herb complex on cellular immunity of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy.
Zr-zeolite beta: a new heterogeneous catalyst system for the highly selective cascade transformation of citral to (+/-)-menthol.
Application of response surface method for optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of water-soluble components of Rosa damascena Mill. essential oil.
The effect of monoterpenes on swarming differentiation and haemolysin activity in Proteus mirabilis.
Effects of elevated CO2 on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): volatile composition, phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity of red wine.
Use of headspace mulberry paper bag micro solid phase extraction for characterization of volatile aromas of essential oils from Bulgarian rose and Provence lavender.
A grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) deoxy-D: -xylulose synthase gene colocates with a major quantitative trait loci for terpenol content.
Mite-control activities of active constituents isolated from Pelargonium graveolens against house dust mites.
Fragrance material review on d-cyclocitronellene acetate.
Activity of essential oils and individual components against acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase.
Optimisation of stir bar sorptive extraction and liquid desorption combined with large volume injection-gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry for the determination of volatile compounds in wines.
Fragrance material review on l-citronellol.
Fragrance material review on dl-citronellol.
Fragrance material review on (+)-(R)-citronellol.
Essential oil composition of three accessions of Dracocephalum heterophyllum Benth. cultivated at Palampur, India.
Biochemical characterization of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (LiuA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the importance of liu genes fora functional catabolic pathway of methyl-branched compounds.
Production of citronellyl acetate in a fed-batch system using immobilized lipase. Scientific note.
Anti-inflammation activity of fruit essential oil from Cinnamomum insularimontanum Hayata.
Inhibitory effects of terpenoids on multidrug resistance-associated protein 2- and breast cancer resistance protein-mediated transport.
A concise synthesis of ent-Cholesterol.
Polar intermetallic compounds as catalysts for hydrogenation reactions: synthesis, structures, bonding, and catalytic properties of Ca(1-x)Sr(x)Ni4Sn2 (x=0.0, 0.5, 1.0) and catalytic properties of Ni3Sn and Ni3Sn2.
Recommendation to include fragrance mix 2 and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (Lyral) in the European baseline patch test series.
Semiochemicals related to the aphid Cinara pilicornis and its host, Picea abies: a method to assign nepetalactone diastereomers.
Highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of fluvirucinine A1 via Zr-catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes (ZACA)-lipase-catalyzed acetylation tandem process.
Fragrance release from the surface of branched poly (amide)s.
Comparative study of aromatic compounds in young red wines from cabernet sauvignon, cabernet franc, and cabernet gernischet varieties in China.
Phythochemical screening and anticonvulsant activity of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt (Poaceae) leaf essential oil in rodents.
Ultrasound assisted synthesis of 5,9-dimethylpentadecane and 5,9-dimethylhexadecane--the sex pheromones of Leucoptera coffeella.
Comparative analysis of essential oil components in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae by GC-MS combined with chemometric resolution method.
Chemical composition of the volatile extract and antioxidant activities of the volatile and nonvolatile extracts of Egyptian corn silk (Zea mays L.).
Screening of antibacterial activities of twenty-one oxygenated monoterpenes.
Enantioselective transacetylation of (R,S)-beta-citronellol by propanol rinsed immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase.
Potential of some monoterpenoids and their new N-methyl carbamate derivatives against Schistosomiasis snail vector, Biomphalaria alexandrina.
Nanometer sized tridecylamine capped Rhodium dispersed on high surface area support: catalytic investigations.
Structural determinants of odorant recognition by the human olfactory receptors OR1A1 and OR1A2.
Sensitization to 26 fragrances to be labelled according to current European regulation. Results of the IVDK and review of the literature.
Fragrance ingredient labelling in products on sale in the U.K.
Inhibitory effects of monoterpenes on seed germination and seedling growth.
Fast comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with cryogenic modulation.
High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of 24 fragrance allergens to study scented products.
Synthesis and structure of phosphatidylinositol dimannoside.
Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-neosymbioimine.
Pseudomonas delhiensis sp. nov., from a fly ash dumping site of a thermal power plant.
Identification of the aceA gene encoding isocitrate lyase required for the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on acetate, acyclic terpenes and leucine.
Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils.
Assay of terpene alcohols in pharmacopoeial essential oils by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC).
Terpene degradation and extraction from basil and oregano leaves using subcritical water.
Development of a headspace-solid phase micro extraction method to monitor changes in volatile profile of rose (Rosa hybrida, cv David Austin) petals during processing.
Acaricidal activities of some essential oils and their monoterpenoidal constituents against house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae).
Identification and characterization of the acyclic terpene utilization gene cluster of Pseudomonas citronellolis.
Monoterpenes as novel substrates for oxidation and halo-hydroxylation with chloroperoxidase from Caldariomyces fumago.
Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of volatile essential oil from intact and fallen leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora.
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by terpenoids contained in herbal medicines and natural products.
Studies of reaction parameters on synthesis of Citronellyl laurate ester via immobilized Candida rugosa lipase in organic media.
Identification of genes and proteins necessary for catabolism of acyclic terpenes and leucine/isovalerate in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In vivo larvicidal activity of monoterpenic derivatives from aromatic plants against L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex s.l.
Location and biosynthesis of monoterpenyl fatty acyl esters in rose petals.
Cleaning products and air fresheners: emissions and resulting concentrations of glycol ethers and terpenoids.
Stereoselectivity in ene reactions with 1O2: matrix effects in polymer supports, photo-oxygenation of organic salts and asymmetric synthesis.
Study of anticonvulsant effect of citronellol, a monoterpene alcohol, in rodents.
Lipolytic effects of citrus peel oils and their components.
Chemical composition and inhibitory activity of essential oil from decaying leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora.
Aqueous solubility of liquid monoterpenes at 293 K and relationship with calculated log P value.
Skin penetration of terpenes from essential oils and topical vehicles.
The atu and liu clusters are involved in the catabolic pathways for acyclic monoterpenes and leucine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
[Extraction and determination of volatile constituents in leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora].
Improved isotopic deuterium labeling at the diastereotopic methyl group of leucine: a synthetic route to (4S)- and (4R)-[5-2H1]leucine.
Enantioselective analysis of monoterpenes in different grape varieties during berry ripening using stir bar sorptive extraction- and solid phase extraction-enantioselective-multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Bisabolane- and santalane-type sesquiterpenoids from Santalum album of Indian origin.
Repelling properties of some plant materials on the tick Ixodes ricinus L.
Methylcrotonyl-CoA and geranyl-CoA carboxylases are involved in leucine/isovalerate utilization (Liu) and acyclic terpene utilization (Atu), and are encoded by liuB/liuD and atuC/atuF, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Application of design-of-experiments procedures to optimize efficiently pretreatment of lipase for use in a nonaqueous reaction.
Optical resolution of racemic citronellol via a double coupling system in an interface bioreactor.
Utilization of geraniol is dependent on molybdenum in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evidence for different metabolic routes for oxidation of geraniol and citronellol.
Inhibition of P-glycoprotein-mediated transport by extracts of and monoterpenoids contained in Zanthoxyli fructus.
A validated gas chromatographic method for the evaluation of enzymatic enantioselectivity in kinetic resolution applications.
PROPHIS: parabolic trough-facility for organic photochemical syntheses in sunlight.
Malate:quinone oxidoreductase (MqoB) is required for growth on acetate and linear terpenes in Pseudomonas citronellolis.
Patch testing with a new fragrance mix - reactivity to the individual constituents and chemical detection in relevant cosmetic products.
Patch testing with a new fragrance mix detects additional patients sensitive to perfumes and missed by the current fragrance mix.
Assay for the transbilayer movement of polyisoprenoid-linked saccharides based on the transport of water-soluble analogues.
Relative effectiveness of pretreatments on performance of Rhizomucor miehei lipase in nonpolar reaction media.
Metabolism of geraniol in grape berry mesocarp of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Scheurebe: demonstration of stereoselective reduction, E/Z-isomerization, oxidation and glycosylation.
De novo synthesis of monoterpenes by Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts.
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent poly(aromatic amide) dendrimers.
Evaluation of percutaneous absorption of midazolam by terpenes.
Colorimetric method for identifying plant essential oil components that affect biofilm formation and structure.
Antifungal effects of herbal essential oils alone and in combination with ketoconazole against Trichophyton spp.
The gnyRDBHAL cluster is involved in acyclic isoprenoid degradation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Lipase-catalyzed production of short-chain acids terpenyl esters of interest to the food industry.
Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides, alkyl and terpenyl glucosides, by recombinant Escherichia coli-expressed Pichia etchellsii beta-glucosidase II.
Composition and aroma compounds of Ragusano cheese: native pasture and total mixed rations.
Identification of Vitis vinifera (-)-alpha-terpineol synthase by in silico screening of full-length cDNA ESTs and functional characterization of recombinant terpene synthase.
Functional reconstitution into proteoliposomes and partial purification of a rat liver ER transport system for a water-soluble analogue of mannosylphosphoryldolichol.
Utilisation of on-line acoustic irradiation as a means to counter-effect catalyst deactivation in heterogeneous catalysis.
Rhythmic emission of floral volatiles from Rosa damascena semperflorens cv. 'Quatre Saisons'.
Absolute configuration of chiral terpenes in marking pheromones of bumblebees and cuckoo bumblebees.
Action of different monoterpenic compounds against Anisakis simplex s.l. L3 larvae.
Biotransformation of (R)-(+)- and (S)-(-)-citronellol by Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp., and the use of solid-phase microextraction for screening.
Pyranophane transannular diels-alder approach to (+)-chatancin: a biomimetic asymmetric total synthesis.
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced neutrophil adherence responses by essential oils.
Cutaneous absorption and elimination of three acyclic terpenes--in vitro studies.
Approaches to spirit aroma: contribution of some aromatic compounds to the primary aroma in samples of orujo spirits.
Synthesis of the enantiomers of 21-methyl-7-hentriacontanone and a stereoisomeric mixture of 5-acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane, candidates for the female sex pheromone of the screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax.
Biotransformation of citronellal by Solanum aviculare suspension cultures: preparation of p-menthane-3,8-diols and determination of their absolute configurations.
The in vitro substrate regiospecificity of recombinant UGT85B1, the cyanohydrin glucosyltransferase from Sorghum bicolor.
Assessing the separation of neutral plant secondary metabolites by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
Enantiomeric distribution of chiral compounds in orange juices according to their geographical origins.
Quantitative structure-fungitoxicity relationships of some monohydric alcohols.
Sensory and instrumental evaluation of catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) aroma.
Anti-Aspergillus activities of plant essential oils and their combination effects with ketoconazole or amphotericin B.
Chemical composition of the essential oils of two Rhodiola species from Tibet.
Biotransformation of hop aroma terpenoids by ale and lager yeasts.
Inhibition of citrus postharvest pathogens by vapor of citral and related compounds in culture.
Volatile ester formation in roses. Identification of an acetyl-coenzyme A. Geraniol/Citronellol acetyltransferase in developing rose petals.
Effect of reaction parameters on synthesis of citronellyl methacrylate by lipase-catalyzed transesterification.
Influence of an organic mulching on fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency and herb and essential oil yields in geranium (Pelargonium graveolens).
Weed control in rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium spp).
Further important sensitizers in patients sensitive to fragrances.
Anticonflict effects of rose oil and identification of its active constituents.
Enzymatic synthesis of aroma compound xylosides using transfer reaction by Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase.
Volatile chemicals identified in extracts from newly hybrid citrus, dekopon (Shiranuhi mandarin Suppl. J.).
Syntheses of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhentriacontane and 4,8,12,16-tetramethyldotriacontane, the cuticular tetramethylalkanes of the tsetse fly, Glossina brevipalpis.
Fragrance contact dermatitis - a worldwide multicenter investigation (Part III).
Isolation of some glycosides as aroma precursors in young leaves of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.).
Fragrance chemicals in domestic and occupational products.
A new double coupling system: synthesis of citronellyl acetate via transacetylation to citronellol from acetyl coenzyme A produced from glucose and free fatty acids.
Evaluation of vetiver oil and seven insect-active essential oils against the Formosan subterranean termite.
Enantioselectivity of odor perception in honeybees (Apis mellifera carnica).
Synthesis of (-)-astrogorgiadiol.
The 12,13-diol cyclization approach for a truly stereocontrolled total synthesis of epothilone B and the synthesis of a conformationally restrained analogue.
Fragrance contact dermatitis: a worldwide multicenter investigation (Part II).
Integrated bioprocess for enhanced production of natural flavors and fragrances by Ceratocystis moniliformis.
Synthesis of the enantiomers of some methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons of the ant, Diacamma sp..
Iridoid biosynthesis in staphylinid rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Philonthinae).
Simple synthesis of 5,9-dimethylated long-chain alkanes, the sex pheromones of leaf miner moths.
Requirement of the Lec35 gene for all known classes of monosaccharide-P-dolichol-dependent glycosyltransferase reactions in mammals.
An appropriate method for extracting the insect repellent citronellol from an indigenous plant (Pelargonium graveolens L'Her) for potential use by resource-limited animal owners.
The use of linear expressions of solute boiling point versus retention to indicate special interactions with the molecular rings of modified cyclodextrin phases in gas chromatography
An efficient in vitro procedure for micropropagation and generation of somaclones of rose scented Pelargonium.
Biotransformation of monoterpene alcohols by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulaspora delbrueckii and Kluyveromyces lactis.
Chemical composition of essential oils from needles and twigs of balkan pine (Pinus peuce grisebach) grown in Northern Greece.
Solid phase microextraction of volatile constituents from individual fresh Eucalyptus leaves of three species.
Specificity of papaya lipase in esterification with respect to the chemical structure of substrates.
Conversion of citronellyl diphosphate and citronellyl beta-D-glucoside into rose oxide by Pelargonium graveolens.
Similarities in the aroma chemistry of GewÃ¼rztraminer variety wines and lychee (Litchi chinesis sonn.) fruit.
Enantioselectivity of odor perception in squirrel monkeys and humans.
The branched-chain dodecylbenzene sulfonate degradation pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa W51D involves a novel route for degradation of the surfactant lateral alkyl chain.
Potentiation of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes by perfume and phytoncid.
Olfactory discrimination ability of human subjects for ten pairs of enantiomers.
A membrane bioreactor for biotransformations of hydrophobic molecules
Biotransformation of citronellol by the basidiomycete Cystoderma carcharias in an aerated-membrane bioreactor.
Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Properties of Polymer-Stabilized Ruthenium Colloids.
Supercritical fluids: an interesting medium for chemical and biochemical processes.
Insecticidal activity of monoterpenoids to western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae), and house fly (Diptera: Muscidae).
Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes.
Coupling of Metabolism and Bioconversion: Microbial Esterification of Citronellol with Acetyl Coenzyme A Produced via Metabolism of Glucose in an Interface Bioreactor.
A general assay for antibody catalysis using acridone as a fluorescent tag.
Essential oil analysis and field evaluation of the citrosa plant "Pelargonium citrosum" as a repellent against populations of Aedes mosquitoes.
In vitro sensitization of human T cells with hapten-treated Langerhans cells: a screening test for the identification of contact allergens.
Patch testing with fragrances: results of a multicenter study of the European Environmental and Contact Dermatitis Research Group with 48 frequently used constituents of perfumes.
Microbial degradation of monoterpenes in the absence of molecular oxygen.
Transmembrane movement of a water-soluble analogue of mannosylphosphoryldolichol is mediated by an endoplasmic reticulum protein.
The oxidation of chiral alcohols catalyzed by catalase in organic solvents.
Purification and characterization of an acyclic monoterpene primary alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase from catmint (Nepeta racemosa).
Cytochrome P-450 in plant/insect interactions: geraniol 10-hydroxylase and the biosynthesis of iridoid monoterpenoids.
Antifungal properties of essential oils and their main components upon Cryptococcus neoformans.
Insecticidal properties of several monoterpenoids to the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae), red flour beetle (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and southern corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Polyester Biosynthesis Characteristics of Pseudomonas citronellolis Grown on Various Carbon Sources, Including 3-Methyl-Branched Substrates.
Antifungal action and antiaflatoxigenic properties of some essential oil constituents.
Volatile constituents of wild and in vitro cultivated Gloeophyllum odoratum.
Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants deficient in the utilization of the terpenoid citronellic acid.
Lateral diffusion in model membranes is independent of the size of the hydrophobic region of molecules.
Vapour toxicity & repellence of some essential oils & terpenoids to adults of Aedes aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae).
Action of some new insect growth regulators on mosquito vectors. Part II: Geraniol based diethers.
Inhibitory effects of terpene alcohols and aldehydes on growth of green algaChlorella pyrenoidosa.
Differential olfactory perception of enantiomeric compounds by blind subterranean mole rats (Spalax ehrenbergi).
Technique for using microencapsulated terpenes in lepidopteran artificial diets.
Quantitative analysis on odor intensity and quality of optical isomers in turtle olfactory system.
[Campaign against allergenic moulds in dwellings. Inhibitor properties of essential oil of Geranium 'Bourbon', citronellol, geraniol and citral].
Action of some insect growth regulators on mosquito vectors: Part I--Citronellol based diethers.
Contact dermatitis from geraniol in Bulgarian rose oil.
Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced neoplasia of the large bowel by 3-hydroxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatriene (nerolidol).
Management of oil of citronella poisoning.
Catabolism of geraniol by cell suspension cultures of Citrus limon.
Studies of the cryptic allylic pyrophosphate isomerase activity of trichodiene synthase using the anomalous substrate 6,7-dihydrofarnesyl pyrophosphate.
Chemistry of mandibular and Dufour's gland secretions of ants in genusMyrmecocystus.
Terpenoid biotransformation in mammals. V. Metabolism of (+)-citronellal, (+-)-7-hydroxycitronellal, citral, (-)-perillaldehyde, (-)-myrtenal, cuminaldehyde, thujone, and (+-)-carvone in rabbits.
[Studies on the chemical components and anti-tumour action of the volatile oils from Pelargonium graveoleus].
[Complex evaluation of the status of the olfactory analyzer in albino rats exposed to fragrant compounds].
[Method of studying the olfactory analyzer function of white rats by using the escape reaction].
[Method for studying the function of the olfactory analyzer in white rats using the respiratory reflex].
[Rapid method for studying the sexual behavior of male white rats in hygiene research].
Inhibition of liver prenyltransferase by citronellyl and geranyl phosphonate and phosphonylphosphate.
Chiral-phase capillary gas chromatography and mosquito repellent activity of some oxazolidine derivatives of (+)- and (-)-citronellol.
The value of a mixture of cassia and citronella oils for detection of hypersensitivity of essential oils.
Receptor cell responses to odorants: similarities and differences among odorants.
Synthesis and bioassay of isoprenoid 3-alkylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanones: potent, selective inhibitors of juvenile hormone esterase.
Plasmid Involvement in Acyclic Isoprenoid Metabolism by Pseudomonas putida.
Bio-degradation of acetates of geraniol, nerol & citronellol by P. incognita: isolation & identification of metabolites.
Chemical-modification studies on rat olfactory mucosa using a thiol-specific reagent and enzymatic iodination.
Application of response surface methodology to evaluation of bioconversion experimental conditions.
Inhibition of oviposition by volatiles of certain plants and chemicals in the leafhopperAmrasca devastons (distant).
[Experimental characteristics of the biological action of synthetic perfumes].
Absolute configuration of dolichol.
Enzyme recruitment allows the biodegradation of recalcitrant branched hydrocarbons by Pseudomonas citronellolis.
Biodegradation of acyclic isoprenoids by Pseudomonas species.
Volatile constituents of Trichothecium roseum.
Metabolism of monoterpene alcohol, linalool, by a soil pseudomonad.
The synthesis and chemical properties of polyisoprenyl beta-D-mannopyranosyl phosphates.
Juvenile hormone activity of citronellylamine and citronellol derivatives against pupae of the stable fly and the house fly (Diptera: Muscidae).
Compounds related to juvenile hormones. IX. Activity of citronellylamine and citronellol derivatives on the yellow mealworm and the large milkweed bug.
Compounds related to insect juvenile hormone. V. Derivatives of citronellol and citronellylamine.
Microbial transformation of terpenoids. I. Identification of metabolites produced by a pseudomonad from citronellal and citral.
Analogues of geranyl pyrophosphate as inhibitors of prenyltransferase.
Effect of various essential oils isolated from Douglas fir needles upon sheep and deer rumen microbial activity.
Semimicro method for the determination of linalol in coriander oil.
BIOCHEMICAL POLYMORPHISM IN ANTS.
[Determination of geraniol and citronellol in geranium- and citronella oil].
[The determination of citronellol by formylation].
Publications by J-Stage
Synthesis and Properties of Cholesteryl 4-(Alkanoylamino)benzoates: Liquid Crystals and Organogelators
Citronellol and Geraniol, Components of Rose Oil, Activate Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor a and ? and Suppress Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression
Activation of the Human Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Subtype 1 by Essential Oils
Aqueous Solubility of Liquid Monoterpenes at 293 K and Relationship with Calculated Log P Value
Evaluation of Percutaneous Absorption of Midazolam by Terpenes
Synthesis of the Enantiomers of 21-Methyl-7-hentriacontanone and a Stereoisomeric Mixture of 5-Acetoxy-19-methylnonacosane, Candidates for the Female Sex Pheromone of the Screwworm Fly
Syntheses of Racemic and Diastereomeric Mixtures of 3,7,11,15- Tetramethylhentriacontane and 4,8,12,16-Tetramethyldotriacontane, the Cuticular Tetramethylalkanes of the Tsetse Fly,
A New Double Coupling System: Synthesis of Citronellyl Acetate via Transacetylation to Citronellol from Acetyl Coenzyme A Produced from Glucose and Free Fatty Acids
Synthesis of the Enantiomers of Some Methyl-branched Cuticular Hydrocarbons of the Ant, Diacamma sp.
Simple Synthesis of 5,9-Dimethylated Long-Chain Alkanes, the Sex Pheromones of Leaf Miner Moths
Potentiation of GABAA Receptors Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes by Perfume and Phytoncid

Other Information

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
UM BBD:	Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C09849
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB35093
FooDB:	FDB014490
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):	YMDB01372
Export Tariff Code:	2905.22.5010
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View

Suppliers

Advanced Biotech	Alfrebro
Aromatic and Allied Chemicals	Associate Allied Chemicals
Augustus Oils	Aurochemicals
Axxence Aromatic	Azelis UK
BASF	Beijing Lys Chemicals
Berjé	BOC Sciences
Charabot	Charkit Chemical
Citrus and Allied Essences	CJ Latta & Associates
Creatingperfume.com	De Monchy Aromatics
Diffusions Aromatiques	DRT Terpenes
ECSA Chemicals	Elan Inc.
EMD Millipore	Ernesto Ventós
Excellentia International	ExtraSynthese
Fine Fragrances Pvt Ltd	Fleurchem
Foreverest Resources	Fuzhou Farwell
Global Essence	HDDES Group
Hermitage Oils	IFF
Indenta Group	Indukern F&F
Jiangyin Healthway	K.L. Koh Enterprise
Keva	Kun Shan P&A
Lluch Essence	M&U International
Moellhausen	Naturamole
OQEMA	Pell Wall Perfumes
Penta International	Perfumer Supply House
PerfumersWorld	Perfumery Laboratory
Phoenix Aromas & Essential Oils	Prodasynth
R C Treatt & Co Ltd	Reincke & Fichtner
Robertet	Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sigma-Aldrich	SRS Aromatics
Symrise	Taytonn ASCC
TCI AMERICA	The Good Scents Company
The John D. Walsh Company	The Lermond Company
The Perfumers Apprentice	Vigon International
Xiamen Doingcom Chemical	Zanos
Advanced Biotech. Inc.	Alfrebro LLC/ Archer Daniels Midland Company
Augustus Oils Ltd	Axxence Aromatic GmbH
Azelis UK Ltd.	Beijing Lys Chemicals Co, LTD.
Berje Inc.	Charkit Chemical Corporation
CJ Latta & Associates, LLC	Fleurchem, Inc.
Foreverest Resources Ltd.	Global Essence Inc.
Hermitage Oils / Neroli S.R.L.	Indukern, S.A. F&F Ingredients Division
Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd	Lluch Essence S.L.
M&U International LLC	Moellhausen S.P.A.
Penta International Corporation	PerfumersWorld Ltd.
Robertet, Inc.	SRS Aromatics Ltd
Symrise AG	Taytonn ASCC Pte Ltd
The John D. Walsh Company, Inc	R C Treatt and Co Ltd
Ernesto Ventós S.A.	Zanos Ltd.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex	Yes
Molecular weight	156.26860046387
Specific gravity	@ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon	7.073 to 7.156
Refractive Index	1.45 to 1.46 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point	105 to 105.5°C @ 15 mm Hg
Acid Value	1 max KOH/g
Vapor Pressure	0.02 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density	5.4
Flash Point TCC Value	93.33 °C TCC
logP (o/w)	3.3
Shelf life	24 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes	Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
alcohol	Yes
kerosene	Yes
water, 105.5 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)	Yes
paraffin oil	Yes
fixed oils	Yes
dipropylene glycol	Yes
benzyl benzoate	Yes
water	No
glycerin	No
Stability
deo stick	Unspecified
detergent perborate	Unspecified
hard surface cleaner	Unspecified
liquid detergent	Unspecified
non-discoloring	Unspecified
powder	Unspecified
shampoo	Unspecified
soap	Unspecified

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Floral
floral, leathery, waxy, rose, citrus, sweet, green, fatty, terpenic
Odor strength	medium
Substantivity	56 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Luebke, William tgsc, (1981)	At 100.00 %. floral leather waxy rose bud citrus
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 1, 31, (1991)	Floral, rosy, sweet, citrus with green fatty terpene nuances
Flavor Type: Floral
floral, rose, sweet, green, fruity, citrus
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 1, 31, (1991)	At 20.00 ppm. Floral, rose, sweet, green with fruity citrus nuances
Can be used in tropical, lemon, lime, honey, cherry and raspberry flavors.	Floral

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications	flavor and fragrance agents
Odor purposes	Abronia, Aldehydic, Amber, Apple blossom, Apricot, Baby powder, Blue grass, Blue mist, Bouquet, Bubble gum, Cedarwood, Cherry, Citrus, Fern, Floral, Fresh and clean, Gardenia, Geranium, Hawthorn, Heliotrope, Herbal, Honey, Jasmin, Lavender, Lemon, Lily, Lily of the valley, Lime, Lychee, Magnolia, New car, Oriental, Patchouli, Peach, Peony, Pineapple, Plum, Powder, Raspberry, Rose, Rose d'orient, Rose moss rose, Rose red rose, Rose tea rose, Rose white rose, Sweet pea, Verbena, Wallflower
Flavoring purposes	Fruit tropical fruit, Tea
Other purposes	Blossom, Clean, Erica, Lux beauty shower soap, My sin, Tabu, Tide
Cosmetic purposes	Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment.
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. R 43 - May cause sensitisation by skin contact. R 51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Skin sensitisation (Category 1), H317 Eye irritation (Category 2A), H319 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 2), H401
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Signal word	Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H315 - Causes skin irritation H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction H319 - Causes serious eye irritation H401 - Toxic to aquatic life
Precautionary statement(s)
P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P272 - Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P302 + P352 - IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water. P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P333 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P337 + P313 - IF eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant
Human Experience:
6 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 3450 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 757, 1975. intramuscular-mouse LD50 4000 mg/kg Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, Section C: Biological Sciences. Vol. 21, Pg. 342, 1962.
Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 2650 mg/kg Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 13, Pg. 757, 1975. subcutaneous-mouse LD50 880 mg/kg PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE Sapporo Igaku Zasshi. Sapporo Medical Journal. Vol. 3, Pg. 73, 1952.
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
IFRA Critical Effect:
Dermal sensitization
	View the IFRA Standard
View IFRA Standards Library for complete information.
Please review Amendment 49 IFRA documentation for complete information.
IFRA RESTRICTION LIMITS IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT (%):
Category 1: Products applied to the lips
2.20 %
Category 2: Products applied to the axillae
0.67 %
Category 3: Products applied to the face/body using fingertips
13.00 %
Category 4: Products related to fine fragrance
12.00 %
	Category 5: Products applied to the face and body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
Category 5A: Body lotion products applied to the body using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
3.20 %
Category 5B: Face moisturizer products applied to the face using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
3.20 %
Category 5C: Hand cream products applied to the hands using the hands (palms), primarily leave-on
3.20 %
Category 5D: Baby Creams, baby Oils and baby talc
3.20 %
Category 6: Products with oral and lip exposure
7.30 %
	Category 7: Products applied to the hair with some hand contact
Category 7A: Rinse-off products applied to the hair with some hand contact
25.00 %
Category 7B: Leave-on products applied to the hair with some hand contact
25.00 %
Category 8: Products with significant anogenital exposure
1.30 %
Category 9: Products with body and hand exposure, primarily rinse off
24.00 %
	Category 10: Household care products with mostly hand contact
Category 10A: Household care excluding aerosol products (excluding aerosol/spray products)
87.00 %
Category 10B: Household aerosol/spray products
87.00 %
	Category 11: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate
Category 11A: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate without UV exposure
48.00 %
Category 11B: Products with intended skin contact but minimal transfer of fragrance to skin from inert substrate with potential UV exposure
48.00 %
Category 12: Products not intended for direct skin contact, minimal or insignificant transfer to skin
No Restriction
	Notes:
IFRA FLAVOR REQUIREMENTS:
Due to the possible ingestion of small amounts of fragrance ingredients from their use in products in Categories 1 and 6, materials must not only comply with IFRA Standards but must also be recognized as safe as a flavoring ingredient as defined by the IOFI Code of Practice (www.iofi.org). For more details see chapter 1 of the Guidance for the use of IFRA Standards.

Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		320.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA):		0.50 (μg/capita/day)
Threshold of Concern:		1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class:		I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3. Update in publication number(s): 29
Click here to view publication 3
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		6.00000	20.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		1.00000	4.00000
beverages(alcoholic):		1.00000	4.00000
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		8.00000	9.00000
condiments / relishes:		0.30000	0.45000
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		0.30000	0.45000
fish products:		0.30000	0.45000
frozen dairy:		1.00000	40.00000
fruit ices:		-	-
gelatins / puddings:		2.00000	6.00000
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		0.30000	0.45000
hard candy:		2.00000	2.00000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		0.30000	0.45000
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		0.30000	0.45000
other grains:		0.30000	0.45000
poultry:		0.30000	0.45000
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		0.30000	0.45000
reconstituted vegetables:		0.30000	0.45000
seasonings / flavors:		0.30000	0.45000
snack foods:		0.30000	0.45000
soft candy:		142.00000	181.00000
soups:		0.30000	0.45000
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 6, Revision 1 (FGE.06Rev1) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 72 (FGE.72): Consideration of aliphatic, branched-chain saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and related esters evaluated by the JECFA (61st meeting) structurally related to branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids. Esters of these and straight-chain aliphatic saturated alcohols evaluated by EFSA in FGE.05Rev2 (2010)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 95 (FGE.95): Consideration of aliphatic, linear or branched-chain saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters evaluated by JECFA (69th meeting) structurally related to esters of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and of one secondary alcohol, and branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids evaluated by EFSA in FGE.05Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 72, Revision 1 (FGE.72Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic, branched-chain saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and related esters evaluated by the JECFA (61st meeting) structurally related to branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of these and straight-chain aliphatic saturated alcohols evaluated by EFSA in FGE.05Rev2
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of non-conjugated and accumulated unsaturated straight-chain and branched-chain, aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, acids, acetals and esters belonging to chemical group 4 when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 72, Revision 2 (FGE.72Rev2): consideration of aliphatic, branched-chain saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acids and related esters evaluated by JECFA (61st, 68th and 69th meetings) and structurally related to flavouring substances in FGE.05Rev3
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):106-22-9

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :8842

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

SCCNFP:opinion

WISER:UN 3082