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laevo-limonene
General Material Information
| Preferred name | laevo-limonene |
| Trivial Name | (S)-Limonene |
| Short Description | L-limonene |
| Formula | C10 H16 |
| CAS Number | 5989-54-8 |
| Deleted CAS Number | 7721-11-1 |
| Flavis Number | 1.046 |
| ECHA Number | 227-815-6 |
| FDA UNII | 47MAJ1Y2NE |
| Nikkaji Number | J85.992C |
| Beilstein Number | 2323991 |
| MDL | MFCD00001558 |
| COE Number | 491 |
| xLogP3-AA | 3.40 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| FDA Mainterm | 5989-54-8 ; L-LIMONENE |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| Leffingwell: | Chirality or Article |
| (4S)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 5989-54-8 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 439250 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 252080259 |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C06078 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB03375 |
| FooDB: | FDB013861 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2902.19.0050 |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | Yes |
| Molecular weight | 136.23751831055 |
| Specific gravity | @ 15 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 7.037 to 7.071 |
| Refractive Index | 1.471 to 1.475 @ 20 °C |
| Optical Rotation | -118 to -108 |
| Boiling Point | 176 to 177°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.541 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 4.7 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 52.78 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 4.38 |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| fixed oils | Yes |
| water, 4.581 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Terpenic | |
| terpenic, pine, herbal, peppery | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | 4 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1996) | At 100.00 %. terpene pine herbal peppery |
| Flavor Type: Terpenic | |
| terpenic, cilantro, green, juniper, berry | |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1996) | Terpenic cilantro green juniper berry |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Acacia, Apple green apple, Bergamot, Cajeput, Citrus, Cologne, Evergreen, Fir balsam, Fir needle oil replacer, Green grass, Herbal, Lavender, Mandarin, Mint, Neroli, Orange blossom, Peppermint, Pine, Pineapple, Rain, Spearmint, Turpentine, Wormseed oil replacer |
| Flavoring purposes | Cajeput, Turpentine |
| Cosmetic purposes | Perfuming agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment. | |
| R 10 - Flammable. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. R 50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R 65 - Harmful: may cause lung damage if swallowed. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet. S 62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Flammable liquids (Category 3), H226 Skin irritation (Category 2), H315 Skin sensitisation (Category 1), H317 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H410 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |    |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H226 - Flammable liquid and vapour H315 - Causes skin irritation H317 - May cause an allergic skin reaction H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P210 - Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. P233 - Keep container tightly closed. P240 - Ground/bond container and receiving equipment. P241 - Use explosion-proof electrical/ventilating/lighting/…/equipment. P242 - Use only non-sparking tools. P243 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge. P261 - Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling. P272 - Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace. P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P303 + P361 + P353 - IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off Immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse SKIN with water/shower. P333 + P313 - IF SKIN irritation or rash occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362 - Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. P370 + P378 - In case of fire: Use dry sand, dry chemical or alcohol-resistant foam for extinction. P391 - Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment P403 + P235 - Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep cool. P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 5000 mg/kg Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| IFRA Critical Effect: | |||
| Dermal sensitization | |||
| IFRA Other Specification: | |||
| IFRA fragrance material specification: | |||
| d-, l-and dl-Limonene and natural products containing substantial amounts of it, should only be used when the level of peroxides is kept to the lowest practical level, for instance by adding antioxidants at the time of production. Such products should have a peroxide value of less than 20 millimoles peroxides per liter, determined according to the FMA method, which can be downloaded from the IFRA website (see Analytical Methods). | |||
| View the IFRA Standard | |||
| Recommendation for laevo-limonene usage levels up to: | |||
| 8.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 2100.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Threshold of Concern: | 1800 (μg/person/day) | ||
| Structure Class: | I | ||
| Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i). | |||
| Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm. | |||
| average usage mg/kg | maximum usage mg/kg | ||
| Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): | 3.00000 | 15.00000 | |
| Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): | 2.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): | 5.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| Processed fruit (04.1): | 1.00000 | 1.00000 | |
| Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): | - | - | |
| Confectionery (05.0): | 5.00000 | 15.00000 | |
| Chewing gum (05.3): | - | - | |
| Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| Bakery wares (07.0): | 5.00000 | 20.00000 | |
| Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Eggs and egg products (10.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): | 1.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): | 2.00000 | 15.00000 | |
| Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): | 3.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): | 2.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): | 4.00000 | 10.00000 | |
| Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): | 2.00000 | 5.00000 | |
| Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): | 2.00000 | 5.00000 | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev2 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 View page or View pdf |
| Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (chemical group 31) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):5989-54-8 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :439250 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| SCCNFP:opinion |
| WISER:UN 2319 |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| (4S)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene |
| Chemidplus:0005989548 |
| RTECS:OS8350000 for cas# 5989-54-8 |