We have found 46587 results matching your criteria.
Please wait while we search...
  1. 1.
    General Material Information
  2. 2.
    PhysChem Properties
  3. 3.
    Occurrences
  4. 4.
    Organoleptic Properties
  5. 5.
    Suppliers
  6. 6.
    Potential Uses
  7. 7.
    Regulatory & Documentation
  8. 8.
    Safety Information
  9. 9.
    Other Information
  10. 10.
    Blenders & Components
  11. 11.
    Literature & References

ethyl palmitate

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name ethyl palmitate
Trivial Name Ethyl palmitate
Short Description ethyl hexadecanoate
Formula C18 H36 O2
CAS Number 628-97-7
FEMA Number 2451
Flavis Number 9.193
ECHA Number 211-064-6
FDA UNII IRD3M534ZM
Nikkaji Number J46.819C
Beilstein Number 1782663
MDL MFCD00008996
COE Number 634
xLogP3-AA 7.80 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 39 ethyl hexadecanoate
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 628-97-7 ; ETHYL PALMITATE
Synonyms
  • ethyl cetylate
  • ethyl hexadecanoate
  • ethyl palmitate natural
  • ethyl palmitate, natural
  • ethylhexadecanoate
  • hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester
  • hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester
  • palmitic acid ethyl ester
  • palmitic acid, ethyl ester
  • NSC 8918

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

Google Scholar Start search
Google Books Start search
Google Patents Start search
Perfumer & Flavorists Start search
EU Patents Start search
PubMeb Start search
NCBI Start search

Literature & References

ethyl hexadecanoate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:628-97-7
Pubchem (cid):12366
Pubchem (sid):134976036
Flavornet:628-97-7
Pherobase:View
Publications by PubMed
Quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium for detection of alcohol abuse during pregnancy: Correlation study between both biomarkers.
Testing for ethanol markers in hair: Discrepancies after simultaneous quantification of ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl esters.
[Study on the chemical constituents of Viscum ovalifolium].
Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair: correlation with self-reported ethanol intake in 160 subjects and influence of estroprogestin therapy.
A SPME-GC/MS Procedure for the Determination of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters in Hair for Confirmation of Abstinence Test Results.
[Study on the constituents of essential oil of Shunaoxin dropping pills by GC-MS].
Meconium fatty acid ethyl esters as biomarkers of late gestational ethanol exposure and indicator of ethanol-induced multi-organ injury in fetal sheep.
Fatty acid ethyl esters induce intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction via a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism in a three-dimensional cell culture model.
Effects of ethanol and long-chain ethyl ester concentrations on volatile partitioning in a whisky model system.
Volatile constituents of roasted tigernut oil (Cyperus esculentus L.).
Anti-inflammatory activity of methyl palmitate and ethyl palmitate in different experimental rat models.
Effects of ethanol metabolites on exocytosis of pancreatic acinar cells in rats.
[Screening and identifying of hepatoprotective compounds in paeoniae radix rubra].
A new method for quantifying prenatal exposure to ethanol by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of meconium followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Saturated fatty acid and TLR signaling link β cell dysfunction and islet inflammation.
[Phylogenetic diversity characteristics of soil bacteria producing nematode-attracting volatiles and identification of their active compounds].
Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity studies on S. erianthum and S. macranthum essential oils.
Enzymatic synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters by utilizing camellia oil soapstocks and diethyl carbonate.
De novo biosynthesis of biodiesel by Escherichia coli in optimized fed-batch cultivation.
Detection of fatty acid ethyl esters in skin surface lipids as biomarkers of ethanol consumption in alcoholics, social drinkers, light drinkers, and teetotalers using a methodology based on microwave-assisted extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Determination of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair by GC-MS and application in a population of cocaine users.
An improved method for rapidly quantifying fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium suitable for prenatal alcohol screening.
Quantitation of fatty acid ethyl esters in human meconium by an improved liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Determination of eight fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Domain growth, pattern formation, and morphology transitions in Langmuir monolayers. A new growth instability.
Quantification of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in meconium from newborns for detection of alcohol abuse in a maternal health evaluation study.
Chemical composition of French mimosa absolute oil.
Fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair and self-reported alcohol consumption in 644 cases from different origin.
In vitro study of antibacterial activity on multi-resistant bacteria and chemical composition of the chloroform extract of endemic Centaurea drabifolia subsp. cappadocica.
Enrichment of amaranth oil with ethyl palmitate at the sn-2 position by chemical and enzymatic synthesis.
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium: assessment of prenatal exposure to alcohol in two European cohorts.
[Immobilized lipase catalyzed synthesis of vitamin A plamitate].
Fatty acid ethyl esters in meconium are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes to two years of age.
Determination of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) and ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair: a promising way for retrospective detection of alcohol abuse during pregnancy?
Prevalence of fetal ethanol exposure in a regional population-based sample by meconium analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters.
Ethanol contamination leads to Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair samples.
[Extraction and identification of volatile constituents in the flowers of Aglaia odorata Lour].
Lipase-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of steryl (6'-O-acyl)glucosides.
Controlling for serum albumin level improves the correlation between serum fatty acid ethyl esters and blood ethanol level.
Microdiesel: Escherichia coli engineered for fuel production.
Cyclic fatty acid monomer formation in domestic frying of frozen foods in sunflower oil and high oleic acid sunflower oil without oil replenishment.
Pattern formation and morphology evolution in Langmuir monolayers.
Rapid, accurate, and sensitive fatty acid ethyl ester determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
[Evaluation of the effects of glycosylation on in vivo survival of cold-storage human platelets by using rabbit model].
Fatty acid ethyl esters, nonoxidative ethanol metabolites, synthesis, uptake, and hydrolysis by human platelets.
Fatty acid ethyl esters: markers of alcohol abuse and alcoholism.
Photodecomposition of retinyl palmitate in ethanol by UVA light-formation of photodecomposition products, reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxides.
Unusual pheromone chemistry in the navel orangeworm: novel sex attractants and a behavioral antagonist.
Induction of apoptosis by fatty acid ethyl esters in HepG2 cells.
Comparison of ethyl glucuronide and fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations in hair of alcoholics, social drinkers and teetotallers.
Squalene in hair--a natural reference substance for the improved interpretation of fatty acid ethyl ester concentrations with respect to alcohol misuse.
Wipe-test and patch-test for alcohol misuse based on the concentration ratio of fatty acid ethyl esters and squalene CFAEE/CSQ in skin surface lipids.
Analysis of insecticidal Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fractions.
A covalently linked recombinant albumin dimer is more rapidly cleared in vivo than are wild-type and mutant C34A albumin.
Concentration of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair of alcoholics: comparison to other biological state markers and self reported-ethanol intake.
Stearic acid stimulates FA ethyl ester synthesis in HepG2 cells exposed to ethanol.
Electrophysiological responses of female and male Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) to Swietenia macrophylla essential oils.
Fatty Acid ethyl esters in scalp, pubic, axillary, beard and body hair as markers for alcohol misuse.
Effect of hair care and hair cosmetics on the concentrations of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as markers of chronically elevated alcohol consumption.
Neonatal hair analysis as a biomarker for in utero alcohol exposure.
A rabbit model for monitoring in vivo viability of human platelet concentrates using flow cytometry.
Negative effective surface viscosities in insoluble fatty acid monolayers: effect of phase transitions on dilational viscoelasticity.
Assessment of omega-fatty-acid-supplemented human platelets for potential improvement in long-term storage.
Fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as markers of alcohol consumption. Segmental hair analysis of alcoholics, social drinkers, and teetotalers.
Identification of chemical components of corn kernel pericarp wax associated with resistance to Aspergillus flavus infection and aflatoxin production.
Analysis of fatty acid ethyl esters in hair as possible markers of chronically elevated alcohol consumption by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Interactions and reactions of monolayers and Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers with compounds in the bulk phase.
Differences in the fatty acid composition of fatty acid ethyl esters in organs and their secretions.
A kinetic study of the synthesis of ascorbate fatty acid esters catalysed by immobilized lipase in organic media.
New phenylethanoids from Buddleja cordata subsp. cordata.
Independent synthesis of aminophospholipid-linked maillard products.
Are there possibilities for the detection of chronically elevated alcohol consumption by hair analysis? A report about the state of investigation.
Reduction of blood loss by infusion of human platelets in a rabbit kidney injury model.
Role of macrophages in experimental malaria: V--Effect of ethyl palmitate on macrophages in Plasmodium berghei infected mice.
Formation of fatty acid ethyl esters in rat liver microsomes. Evidence for a key role for acyl-CoA: ethanol O-acyltransferase.
Survival of fresh human platelets in a rabbit model as traced by flow cytometry.
[Preventive effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on cholesterol gallstone formation in hamsters].
The drinker's pancreas: molecular mechanisms emerge.
Pancreatic injury in rats induced by fatty acid ethyl ester, a nonoxidative metabolite of alcohol.
The distribution of fatty acid ethyl esters among lipoproteins and albumin in human serum.
Ethyl palmitate and ethyl oleate are the predominant fatty acid ethyl esters in the blood after ethanol ingestion and their synthesis is differentially influenced by the extracellular concentrations of their corresponding fatty acids.
Oviposition response ofLobesia botrana females to long-chain free fatty acids and esters from its eggs.
Low-density lipoprotein reconstituted with fatty acid ethyl esters as a physiological vehicle for ethyl ester delivery to intact cells.
Interaction of alpha-tocopherol with copper and its effect on lipid peroxidation.
Utilization of high-performance liquid chromatography as an enrichment step for the determination of cyclic fatty acid monomers in heated fats and biological samples.
Assessment of the hemostatic effectiveness of human platelets treated with aminomethyltrimethyl psoralen and UV A light using a rabbit ear bleeding time technique.
Semiochemical basis of infestation of honey bee brood byVarroa jacobsoni.
Mandibular gland secretions of the male beewolvesPhilanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, andP. pulcher (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).
The metabolism of ethyl esters of fatty acids in adipose tissue of rats chronically exposed to ethanol.
Ethanol-induced fatty acid ethyl ester formation in vivo and in vitro in rat lung.
[GC-MS analysis of essential oil from flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb].
Stimulation of phagocytic activity of leukocytes and macrophages by traxanox sodium in mice and rats.
Proteins, nucleic acids and lipids of rat liver and spleen after experimental "chemical splenectomy" induced by intravenous injection of an ethyl palmitate emulsion.
Effect of a perfluorocarbon emulsion (Fluosol-DA) on reticuloendothelial system clearance function.
Experimental elimination of the splenic function by ethyl and methyl palmitate and significance of these substances from an immunological point of view.
Erythrocyte survival and haematocrit values in rats after i.v. application of ethyl palmitate and methyl palmitate emulsions.
Experimental elimination of the splenic function by an intravenous injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion in Wistar rats.
The dual role of macrophages in the sporozoite-induced malaria infection. A hypothesis.
The effect of intravenous injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion on sequestration of thermally damaged erythrocytes in rats with experimentally induced hypersplenism, and in normal rats.
Survival of human 51Cr erythrocytes in guinea-pigs.
Comparison of stationary phases in reversed-phase TLC for correlation between structure and biological response of probiotics.
Incorporation of [14C]-L-leucine in splenic and hepatic tissue of rats "chemically splenectomized" by ethyl palmitate.
'Chemical' splenectomy and the number of haematopoietic stem cells.
Effects of ascorbic acid on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient erythrocytes: studies in an animal model.
The inhibitory effect of methyl palmitate on heteroagglutinin formation in rats.
Oxygen-dependent circulation of sickle erythrocytes.
Effects of an i. v. injection of ethyl palmitate emulsion on nucleic acids and fat content of the liver.
Correction of the permeability defect in hereditary stomatocytosis by dimethyl adipimidate.
Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of beta-asarone in wines and flavors.
Autoantibody formation against spleen in rats 'chemically splenectomized' by ethyl palmitate.
The formation of heteroagglutinins in rats "chemically" splenectomized by ethyl palmitate, in comparison to animals surgically splenectomized.
Histological effects of lipids on the liver and spleen of mice.
Effects of simple lipids on macrophages in vitro.
Ethyl palmitate-induced "experimental splenectomy" in wistar rats.
Mechanism of ethyl palmitate and cobra venom factor enhancement of heterologous erythrocyte survival.
Studies on liver blood flow and phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system in dogs treated with ethyl palmitate.
The effect of ethyl palmitate on the liver blood flow and phagocytic activity of RES in dogs.
Studies on the effect of ethyl palmitate on the inhibition of erythrophagocytosis in dogs.
Ethyl palmitate-induced bartonellosis as an index of functional splenic ablation.
Radiological visualization of ethyl palmitate induced splenic atrophy.
Study of the mechanism of ethyl palmitate-induced splenic destruction.
The effects of a cobra venom factor and ethyl palmitate on the prolongation of survival of heterologous erythrocytes.
Ethyl palmitate-induced splenic destruction.
[Protective effect of ethyl palmitate in roentgen-irradiated mice].

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB29811
FooDB:FDB001022
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB01349
Export Tariff Code:2915.70.0150
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 284.48330688477
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon
Melting Point 24 to 26°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 192 to 193°C @ 10 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 7.0E-5 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 1
Flash Point TCC Value 110 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 7.918 est
Shelf life 24 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 0.00371 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
water No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Waxy
waxy, fruity, creamy, milky, balsamic, greasy, oily
Odor strength low
Substantivity 108
Luebke, William tgsc, (2021 At 100.00 %. mild waxy fruity creamy milky balsamic greasy oily
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 2, 69, (1997) Waxy, fruity, creamy and milky with a balsamic nuance
Flavor Type: Waxy
waxy, creamy, dairy, fermented, buttery, oily, balsamic, vanilla, fruity
Luebke, William tgsc, (2021 Waxy creamy dairy fermented buttery oily balsamic vanilla
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 22, No. 2, 69, (1997) At 30.00 ppm. Waxy, fruity, creamy and fermented with a vanilla, balsamic nuance
Great for dairy type flavors. Also can be used for a variety of distilled spirits including whiskey, brandy and wine. Fatty, waxy

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Odor purposes Butter, Cream, Saffron, Vanilla
Flavoring purposes Fish, Milk
Other purposes Emollients, Waxy
Cosmetic purposes Perfuming agents, Skin conditioning - emollient

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for ethyl palmitate usage levels up to:
15.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3. Update in publication number(s): 29, 30
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: 20.0000020.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): 0.020000.20000
beverages(alcoholic): 0.300005.00000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: 0.100000.10000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: 0.050000.20000
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: 20.0000020.00000
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: 40.0000040.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: 0.100000.30000
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: 3.000005.00000
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):628-97-7
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :12366
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
ethyl hexadecanoate
Chemidplus:0000628977