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formic acid
General Material Information
| Preferred name | formic acid |
| Trivial Name | Formic acid |
| Short Description | methanoic acid |
| Formula | C H2 O2 |
| CAS Number | 64-18-6 |
| Deleted CAS Number | 1016316-60-1 |
| FEMA Number | 2487 |
| Flavis Number | 8.001 |
| ECHA Number | 200-579-1 |
| FDA UNII | 0YIW783RG1 |
| Nikkaji Number | J1.402H |
| Beilstein Number | 1209246 |
| MDL | MFCD00003297 |
| COE Number | 1 |
| xLogP3-AA | -0.20 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 79 formic acid |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 64-18-6 ; FORMIC ACID |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
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| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| formic acid | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 64-18-6 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 284 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134971967 |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| UM BBD: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C00058 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB00142 |
| FooDB: | FDB012804 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB00385 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2915.11.0000 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Formulations/Preparations: •grade: technical: 85%; 90%; cp; fcc. •formic acid is marketed in concentrations of 85, 90, 95, 98, and >99 wt%. the impurity content depends on the production process. •grades: 89-91% for 90% grade; > 98% for technical grade; > 99.5% for pharmaceutical grade. from table •for-mite (mann lake limited), formic acid 65.9%. •mite-away quick strips (nod apiary products usa inc), formic acid 46.7%. | |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | Yes |
| Molecular weight | 46.025341033936 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 10.152 to 10.185 |
| Refractive Index | 1.369 to 1.373 @ 20 °C |
| Melting Point | 8.2 to 8.4°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 100 to 101°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 29 to 30°C @ 50 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 36.477001 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 1.6 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 68.89 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | -0.54 |
| Solubility | |
| water, 9.552e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | Yes |
| paraffin oil | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Acetic | |
| pungent, vinegar, sharp, acetic, fruity, fermented | |
| Odor strength | high , recommend smelling in a 0.10 % solution or less |
| Substantivity | 16 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1982) | At 0.10 % in water. pungent vinegar formyl |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 23, No. 4, 33, (1998) | Sharp, penetrating, acetic, fruity with a fermented nuance |
| Flavor Type: Acetic | |
| acetic, astringent, fruity, mustard, bready | |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 23, No. 4, 33, (1998) | At 100.00 ppm. Acetic, astringent, fruity, mustard, bready, with a pyruvic acid nuance |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Flavoring purposes | Apple, Cheese, Papaya, Pineapple, Tropical |
| Cosmetic purposes | Preservatives |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| C - Corrosive. | |
| R 35 - Causes severe burns. R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 23 - Do not breath vapour. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-mouse LD50 1100 mg/kg (Malorny,1969a) oral-rat LD50 1830 mg/kg (Sporn et al., 1962) intravenous-mouse LD50 145 mg/kg Zeitschrift fuer Ernaehrungswissenschaft. Vol. 9, Pg. 332, 1969. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 940 mg/kg Igiena. Vol. 11, Pg. 507, 1962. oral-dog LD50 4000 mg/kg AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 20, Pg. 517, 1959. intravenous-dog LDLo 3000 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 146, 1955. oral-mouse LD50 700 mg/kg LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 23(12), Pg. 49, 1979. intravenous-rabbit LDLo 239 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 146, 1955. oral-rat LD50 1100 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 23(12), Pg. 49, 1979. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-rat LC50 15000 mg/m3/15M LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 23(12), Pg. 49, 1979. inhalation-mouse LC50 6200 mg/m3/15M BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 23(12), Pg. 49, 1979. inhalation-man TCLo 7300 ug/m3/8H KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: OTHER CHANGES IN URINE COMPOSITION Archives of Toxicology. Vol. 66, Pg. 522, 1992. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavoring agents, preservative | |||
| Recommendation for formic acid usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Structure Class: | I | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 5.00000 | 6.10000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 1.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 5.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 5.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | 5.00000 | 18.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 22 (FGE.22): Ring-substituted phenolic substances from chemical groups 21 and 25 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 3, Revision 1 (FGE.03Rev1): Acetals of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and branched- and straight-chain saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, an ester of a hemiacetal and an orthoester of formic acid, from chemical groups 1, 2 & 4 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)on a request from the Commission View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 2, Revision 1 (FGE.02) : Branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and related esters of primary alcohols and straight-chain carboxylic acids and one straight-chain aldehyde from chemical groups 1 and 2 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 1 (FGE.07Rev1): Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 9, Revision 1: (FGE.09 Rev1)[1] - Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical groups 8 and 30, and an ester of a phenol carboxylic acid from chemical group 25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 2 (FGE.07Rev2) : Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1] View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 9, Revision 2 (FGE.09Rev2): Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical group 8 and 30, and an ester of a phenol derivative from chemical group 25 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 22, Revision 1 (FGE.22Rev1): Ring-substituted phenolic substances from chemical groups 21 and 25 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of formic acid when used as a technological additive for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of formic acid, ammonium formate and sodium formate as feed hygiene agents for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| EPA-Iris:IRIS |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):64-18-6 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :284 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| SCCNFP:opinion |
| WISER:UN 1779 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| formic acid |
| Chemidplus:0000064186 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:64-18-6 |