We have found 46587 results matching your criteria.

Please wait while we search...

FDA UNII

ECHA EINECS

MDL

COE Number

Flavis Number

Nikkaji Number

Odor types

Flavor types

Material categories

Potential uses

Applications

Suppliers

Molecular weight

We have found 46587 results matching your criteria.

Searching...

1.

General Material Information
2.

PhysChem Properties
3.

Occurrences
4.

Organoleptic Properties
5.

Suppliers
6.

Potential Uses
7.

Regulatory & Documentation
8.

Safety Information
9.

Other Information
10.

Blenders & Components
11.

Literature & References

styrene

General Material Information

Preferred name	styrene
Trivial Name	Styrene
Short Description	vinylbenzene
Formula	C8 H8
CAS Number	100-42-5
Flavis Number	1.015
ECHA Number	202-851-5
FDA UNII	44LJ2U959V
Nikkaji Number	J4.006A
Beilstein Number	1071236
MDL	MFCD00008612
COE Number	11022
Bio Activity Summary	External link
NMR Predictor	External link
FDA Patent	No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm	100-42-5 ; STYRENE--NLFG
Synonyms	benzene, ethenyl- benzene, vinyl- cinnamene ethenyl benzene ethenylbenzene phenyl ethene phenyl ethylene styrene monomer styrene solution styrol styrolene vinyl benzene vinyl benzol vinylbenzene Phenethylene Phenylethene Phenylethylene Styrole Vinylbenzol Styropol SO NSC 62785 TTB 7302 Maomin SM S 0095 STC BYX 6 EM 50 M 00247 S 4972 MeSH ID: D020058

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

Google Scholar	Start search
Google Books	Start search
Google Patents	Start search
Perfumer & Flavorists	Start search
EU Patents	Start search
PubMeb	Start search
NCBI	Start search

Literature & References

	ethenylbenzene
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	100-42-5
Pubchem (cid):	7501
Pubchem (sid):	134972557
Flavornet:	100-42-5
Pherobase:	View

Publications by PubMed
Attenuated UV Radiation Alters Volatile Profile in Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes under Field Conditions.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of phenylpyruvate derivatives.
Complete genome sequence of the phenanthrene-degrading soil bacterium Delftia acidovorans Cs1-4.
Strong deshielding in aromatic isoxazolines.
Validation Study on Headspace-GC Analytical Method for Residual Volatile Substances in Food Contact Polystyrene and Its Application for Surveillance (1998-2014).
Qualitative Analysis of Additives in Plastic Marine Debris and Its New Products.
Simultaneous analysis of Alternaria toxins and citrinin in tomato: an optimised method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Developing Polycation-Clay Sorbents for Efficient Filtration of Diclofenac: Effect of Dissolved Organic Matter and Comparison to Activated Carbon.
The emissions of monoaromatic hydrocarbons from small polymeric toys placed in chocolate food products.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Slow Release Performances of Chlorpyrifos Encapsulated by Poly(butyl acrylate-co-styrene) with the Cross-Linker Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate.
Antimicrobial coatings with dual cationic and N-halamine character: characterization and biocidal efficacy.
Trace analysis of Ponceau 4R in soft drinks using differential pulse stripping voltammetry at SWCNTs composite electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS derivatives.
Amino Acid Degradations Produced by Lipid Oxidation Products.
[Magnetic solid phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-flame photometric detection for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in juice samples].
Liquid marbles prepared from pH-responsive self-assembled micelles.
Filtration of triazine herbicides by polymer-clay sorbents: coupling an experimental mechanistic approach with empirical modeling.
Nanohybrids from direct chemical self-assembly of poly(styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) as pH-responsive particulate emulsifiers.
Physico-chemical and microbiological characterization of spontaneous fermentation of Cellina di Nardò and Leccino table olives.
Preparation and evaluation of silica-UIO-66 composite as liquid chromatographic stationary phase for fast and efficient separation.
Novel control methods for insect pests: development of a microencapsulation procedure for proteinaceous bioactives intended for oral delivery.
Sulfonated polystyrene magnetic nanobeads coupled with immunochromatographic strip for clenbuterol determination in pork muscle.
Combined effects of ultrasound and immobilization protocol on butyl acetate synthesis catalyzed by CALB.
Survey of volatile substances in kitchen utensils made from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and acrylonitrile-styrene resin in Japan.
Evaluation of styrene-divinylbenzene beads as a support to immobilize lipases.
Influence of photo-cross-linking on emulsifying performance of the self-assemblies of poly(7-(4-vinylbenzyloxyl)-4-methylcoumarin-co-acrylic acid).
Faecal metabolite profiling identifies medium-chain fatty acids as discriminating compounds in IBD.
Adsorption characteristics of rebaudioside A and stevioside on cross-linked poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) macroporous resins functionalized with chloromethyl, amino and phenylboronic acid groups.
GC separation of enantiomers of alkyl esters of 2-bromo substituted carboxylic acids enantiomers on 6-TBDMS-2,3-di-alkyl- β- and γ-cyclodextrin stationary phases.
Determination of caffeic acid in wine using PEDOT film modified electrode.
Ammonia and formaldehyde participate in the formation of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in addition to creati(ni)ne and phenylacetaldehyde.
Correlation of foodstuffs with ethanol-water mixtures with regard to the solubility of migrants from food contact materials.
Development of a material with reproducible emission of selected volatile organic compounds - μ-Chamber study.
High stability silver nanoparticles-graphene/poly(ionic liquid)-based chemoresistive sensors for volatile organic compounds' detection.
Updated evaluation of the migration of styrene monomer and oligomers from polystyrene food contact materials to foods and food simulants.
Derivation of safe health-based exposure limits for potential consumer exposure to styrene migrating into food from food containers.
Competitive-type displacement reaction for direct potentiometric detection of low-abundance protein.
[Analytical method of volatile substances in styrene polymers by head-space gas chromatography using o-dichlorobenzene].
Bilirubin and related tetrapyrroles inhibit food-borne mutagenesis: a mechanism for antigenotoxic action against a model epoxide.
Detection of DNA damage based on metal-mediated molecular beacon and DNA strands displacement reaction.
Synthesis and characterisation of nano-pore antimony imprinted polymer and its use in the extraction and determination of antimony in water and fruit juice samples.
Quantification of four artificial sweeteners in Finnish surface waters with isotope-dilution mass spectrometry.
Analysis of recycled poly (styrene-co-butadiene) sulfonation: a new approach in solid catalysts for biodiesel production.
Occurrence of brominated flame retardants in black thermo cups and selected kitchen utensils purchased on the European market.
Aroma chemistry of African Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa rice and their interspecific hybrids.
Optimized expression of (S)-carbonyl reductase in Pichia pastoris for efficient production of (S)-1-phenyl-1, 2-ethanediol.
Uterotrophic and Hershberger assays for endocrine disruption properties of plastic food contact materials polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate)/dopamine-coated electrodes for dopamine delivery.
Comparison of the effects of bisphenol A alone and in a combination with X-irradiation on sperm count and quality in male adult and pubescent mice.
Stable optical oxygen sensing materials based on click-coupling of fluorinated platinum(II) and palladium(II) porphyrins-A convenient way to eliminate dye migration and leaching.
Impact of copolymer ratio on drug distribution in styrene-isobutylene-styrene block copolymers.
Fluoro-phenyl-styrene-sulfonamide, a novel inhibitor of σB activity, prevents the activation of σB by environmental and energy stresses in Bacillus subtilis.
Improved production of butyl butyrate with lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus immobilized on styrene-divinylbenzene beads.
Formation of styrene dependent on fermentation management during wheat beer production.
Diagnostic ions for the analysis of phenylalanine adducts of acrylamide and styrene by ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry.
Colorimetric detection of DNA damage by using hemin-graphene nanocomposites.
A novel glutathione-hydroxycinnamic acid product generated in oxidative wine conditions.
Tyrosinase inhibitory effects and antioxidative activities of novel cinnamoyl amides with amino acid ester moiety.
Characterisation of commercial aromatised vinegars: phenolic compounds, volatile composition and antioxidant activity.
BTES and aldehydes analysis in PET-bottled water in Lebanon.
Self-assembly and emulsification of poly{[styrene-alt-maleic acid]-co-[styrene-alt-(N-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl-maleamic acid)]}.
Dual-responsive poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid)-graft-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) micelles as switchable emulsifiers.
Effect of humic acid on pyrene removal from water by polycation-clay mineral composites and activated carbon.
Cadmium ion-doped magnetic poly(styrene-acrylic acid) nanospheres for sensitive electrochemical immunoassay.
Applicability of analytical and preparative monolithic columns to the separation and isolation of major whey proteins.
Immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica on porous styrene-divinylbenzene beads improves butyl acetate synthesis.
The Listeria monocytogenes σB regulon and its virulence-associated functions are inhibited by a small molecule.
Concentration-dependent displacement of cholesterol in micelles by hydrophobic rice bran protein hydrolysates.
The copolymer P(HEMA-co-SS) binds gluten and reduces immune response in gluten-sensitized mice and human tissues.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to plastic containers for food and drinks.
Detecting trace melamine in solution by SERS using Ag nanoparticle coated poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) nanospheres as novel active substrates.
Effects of frozen storage and vacuum packaging on free fatty acid and volatile composition of Turkish Motal cheese.
Comparison of silica gel modified with three different functional groups with C-18 and styrene-divinylbenzene adsorbents for the analysis of selected volatile flavor compounds.
Essential oils and fatty acids composition of Tunisian and Indian cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds: a comparative study.
Comparative shelf life study of blackberry fruit in bio-based and petroleum-based containers under retail storage conditions.
Effect of gamma-irradiation on some chemical characteristics and volatile content of linseed.
Analysis of volatile organic compounds released during food decaying processes.
[Study of amount of evaporation residue in extracts from plastic kitchen utensils into four food-simulating solvents].
Identification and quantification of lignans in wheat bran by gas chromatography-electron capture detection.
Analysis of acrylonitrile, 1,3-butadiene, and related compounds in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers for kitchen utensils and children's toys by headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Rapid determination of BTEXS in olives and olive oil by headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS).
Carbonyl reductase SCRII from Candida parapsilosis catalyzes anti-Prelog reaction to (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol with absolute stereochemical selectivity.
Functional expression and magnetic nanoparticle-based Immobilization of a protein-engineered marine fish epoxide hydrolase of Mugil cephalus for enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide.
Styrene-producing microbes in food-stuff.
Determination of styrene content in Gorgonzola PDO cheese by headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) and gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS).
A new polyethylene glycol fiber prepared by coating porous zinc electrodeposited onto silver for solid-phase microextraction of styrene.
Microstructure and elution of tetracycline from block copolymer coatings.
[Endocrine disruptors in food contact articles and baby toys with their transition].
Microwave-assisted extraction for the simultaneous determination of Novolac glycidyl ethers, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and its derivatives in canned food using HPLC with fluorescence detection.
Determination of migration monomer styrene from GPPS (general purpose polystyrene) and HIPS (high impact polystyrene) cups to hot drinks.
Natural formation of styrene by cinnamon mold flora.
Formation of styrene during the Maillard reaction is negligible.
Chronic inhalation exposure of rats for up to 104 weeks to a non-carbon-based magnetite photocopying toner.
[Determination of bicozamycin in livestock products and seafoods by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
Quantification of antioxidant capacity in a microemulsion system: synergistic effects of chlorogenic acid with alpha-tocopherol.
Differentiation of the volatile profile of microbiologically contaminated canned tomatoes by dynamic headspace extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
Bioproduction of p-hydroxystyrene from glucose by the solvent-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas putida S12 in a two-phase water-decanol fermentation.
Atrazine removal from water by polycation-clay composites: effect of dissolved organic matter and comparison to activated carbon.
Determination of aliphatic amines by cation-exchange chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection after solid phase extraction.
Strain of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from almond hulls produces styrene and 7-methyl-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene as the principal volatile components.
Efficiency of whole and skimmed powdered milk for trapping volatile compounds released from plastic containers in high-temperature applications.
Temperature dependences of the distribution coefficients of hydrophobic solutes onto porous styrene divinylbenzene resin for the eluent with a low methanol content.
Release of ethylbenzene and styrene from plastic cheese containers.
The development of colour-encapsulated microspheres for novel colour cosmetics.
Development and validation of a method for fipronil residue determination in ovine plasma using 96-well plate solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
[Application of carboxylated polystyrene latex particles in the detection of aflatoxin B1].
Optical resonance-enhanced absorption-based near-field immunochip biosensor for allergen detection.
Applications of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) transistors in chemical and biological sensors.
New broom fiber (Spartium junceum L.) derivatives: preparation and characterization.
Liquid-liquid extraction/headspace/gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (o-, m- and p-)xylene and styrene in olive oil using surfactant-coated carbon nanotubes as extractant.
Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles.
Decarboxylation of sorbic acid by spoilage yeasts is associated with the PAD1 gene.
Effect of cold storage and packaging material on the major aroma components of sweet cream butter.
Biosynthesis of (R)-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol from racemic styrene oxide by using bacterial and marine fish epoxide hydrolases.
Carbon metabolism and product inhibition determine the epoxidation efficiency of solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. strain VLB120DeltaC.
Conversion of phenylalanine into styrene by 2,4-decadienal in model systems.
Food contamination with styrene dibromide via packaging migration of leachate from polystyrene cold-storage insulation.
Preparation of whey protein hydrolysates using a single- and two-stage enzymatic membrane reactor and their immunological and antioxidant properties: characterization by multivariate data analysis.
Use of a food-consumption database with packaging information to estimate exposure to food-packaging migrants: expoxidized soybean oil and styrene monomer.
Consumer exposure to substances in plastic packaging. I. Assessment of the contribution of styrene from yogurt pots.
Production in food of 1,3-pentadiene and styrene by Trichoderma species.
Metabolism of phenylalanine and biosynthesis of styrene in Penicillium camemberti.
Effects of prenatal exposure to styrene trimers on genital organs and hormones in male rats.
NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of styrene.
Contamination of packaged food by substances migrating from a direct-contact plastic layer: Assessment using a generic quantitative household scale methodology.
Cloning, expression and enantioselective hydrolytic catalysis of a microsomal epoxide hydrolase from a marine fish, Mugil cephalus.
Analysis of volatile compounds as spoilage indicators in fresh king salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during storage using SPME-GC-MS.
Multiresidue analytical method using dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry to determine pharmaceuticals in whole blood.
Isolation and characterisation of selected germander diterpenoids from authenticated Teucrium chamaedrys and T. canadense by HPLC, HPLC-mS and NMR.
Synthesis, characterization and development of a high-throughput methodology for the discovery of botulinum neurotoxin a inhibitors.
Use of dipicolinate-based complexes for producing ion-imprinted polystyrene resins for the extraction of yttrium-90 and heavy lanthanide cations.
Examination of styrene-divinylbenzene ion-exchange resins, used in contact with food, for potential migrants.
Estrogenic activities of chemicals related to food contact plastics and rubbers tested by the yeast two-hybrid assay.
Influence of volatile compounds on the development of off-flavours in pig back fat samples classified with boar taint by a test panel.
Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography with on-line Fourier-transform-infrared-spectroscopy detection for the characterization of copolymers.
Simultaneous picogram determination of "earthy-musty" odorous compounds in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with initial cool programmable temperature vaporizer inlet.
Dietary exposure to chemical migrants from food contact materials: a probabilistic approach.
Migration modelling from food-contact plastics into foodstuffs as a new tool for consumer exposure estimation.
Identification, structure elucidation, and synthesis of volatile compounds in the exhaust gas of food factories.
Optimal recovery of high-purity rutin crystals from the whole plant of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (buckwheat) by extraction, fractionation, and recrystallization.
Migration of styrene monomer, dimers and trimers from polystyrene to food simulants.
Production of volatile compounds in cheese by Pseudomonas fragi strains of dairy origin.
An ecological study of the association of environmental chemicals on breast cancer incidence in Texas.
Feasibility study for the development of certified reference materials for specific migration testing. Part 2: estimation of diffusion parameters and comparison of experimental and predicted data.
Feasibility study for the development of certified reference materials for specific migration testing. Part 1: initial migrant concentration and specific migration.
Direct antioxidant activity of purified glucoerucin, the dietary secondary metabolite contained in rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) seeds and sprouts.
Insecticidal components from field pea extracts: soyasaponins and lysolecithins.
Efficacy of acidic electrolyzed water ice for pathogen control on lettuce.
Controlled production of Camembert-type cheeses. Part II. Changes in the concentration of the more volatile compounds.
In-depth mechanistic study on the formation of acrylamide and other vinylogous compounds by the maillard reaction.
The effects of styrene on lung cells in female mice and rats.
Controlled release of tebuconazole from a polymer matrix microparticle: release kinetics and length of efficacy.
[Metabolic disturbance of tryptophan-nicotinamide conversion pathway by putative endocrine disruptors, bisphenol A and styrene monomer].
Adsorption of flavonoids on resins: cyanidin 3-glucoside.
Volatile organic compounds in foods: a five year study.
Abrasion resistance of medical glove materials.
Risk assessment of exposure to volatile organic compounds in different indoor environments.
Tank-mix adjuvants and pesticide residues: some regulatory and quantitative aspects.
Adsorption of flavonoids on resins: hesperidin.
Poly(styrene/alpha-tert-butoxy-omega-vinylbenzylpolyglycidol) microspheres for immunodiagnostics. Principle of a novel latex test based on combined electrophoretic mobility and particle aggregation measurements.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in U.S. mothers' milk.
Carcinogenicity of bisphenol-A in Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice.
NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of p-tert-butylcatechol (CAS No. 98-29-3) administered in feed to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice.
The loss of the chemical tanker Ievoli Sun in the English Channel, October 2000.
A method for the analysis of natural and synthetic folate in foods.
Evaluation of styrene oligomers eluted from polystyrene for estrogenicity in estrogen receptor binding assay, reporter gene assay, and uterotrophic assay.
Behavior of some solid food simulants in contact with several plastics used in microwave ovens.
Biochemistry, genetics and physiology of microbial styrene degradation.
4-Vinylphenol-induced pneumotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in mice.
Recovery of anthocyanins from pulp wash of pigmented oranges by concentration on resins.
Global migration from styrenics to liquid food simulants.
Potential migration release of volatile compounds from plastic containers destined for food use in microwave ovens.
Decontaminative effect of frozen acidic electrolyzed water on lettuce.
Estimation of a possible tumorigenic risk of styrene from daily intake via food and ambient air.
Endocrine-disrupting effects of styrene oligomers that migrated from polystyrene containers into food.
Assessment of styrene oligomers eluted from polystyrene-made food containers for estrogenic effects in in vitro assays.
Inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by slow release of propyl paraben from a polymer coating.
Identification, determination, and biological evaluation of a novel styrene trimer contained in polystyrene food containers. 2.
Determination of the oestrogenic (uterotrophic) activity of extracts of 'general purpose polystyrene (GPPS)' using immature female rats.
Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD-1 mice by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks.
Predicting migration of trace amounts of styrene in poly(styrene) below the glass transition temperature.
Effects of prenatal styrene exposure on postnatal development and brain serotonin and catecholamine levels in rats.
Isolation of n-decyl-alpha(1-->6) isomaltoside from a technical APG mixture and its identification by the parallel use of LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy
Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to styrene dimers and trimers on reproductive function in rats.
Waste water from citrus processing as a source of hesperidin by concentration on styrene-divinylbenzene resin.
Purification, molecular cloning and ethylene-inducible expression of a soluble-type epoxide hydrolase from soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.).
Estimation of human exposure to styrene and ethylbenzene.
Analysis of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables after cleanup with solid-phase extraction using ENV+ (Polystyrene-divinylbenzene) cartridges.
Recovery of hesperidin from orange peel by concentration of extracts on styrene-divinylbenzene resin.
Nausea and vomiting induced by arterial chemo-embolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and the antiemetic effect of ondansetron hydrochloride.
Intraindividual variations of DNA adduct levels in humans.
Chronic toxicity/oncogenicity study of styrene in CD rats by inhalation exposure for 104 weeks.
Preparation and analysis of styrene oligomers containing migrates from various polystyrenes used in food packaging.
Uterotrophic assay of two concentrations of migrates from each of 23 polystyrenes administered orally (by gavage) to immature female Wistar rats.
Polystyrene cups and containers: styrene migration.
Comparison of different sorbents for on-line liquid-solid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nitrogen-containing pesticides.
Toxicity of the styrene metabolite, phenylglyoxylic acid, in rats after three months' oral dosing.
Parts-per-trillion determination of styrene in yoghurt by purge-and-trap gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection.
Indigo formation by microorganisms expressing styrene monooxygenase activity.
Measurement of styrene oxide in polystyrenes, estimation of migration to foods, and reaction kinetics and products in food simulants.
DNA adducts as exposure biomarkers and indicators of cancer risk.
Using a simple diffusion model to predict residual monomer migration--considerations and limitations.
4-Phenylcyclohexene: 2-week inhalation toxicity and neurotoxicity studies in Swiss-Webster mice.
Element residues in food contact plastics and their migration into food simulants, measured by inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
Migration of styrene from polystyrene foam food-contact articles.
A model for estimating the daily dietary intake of a substance from food-contact articles: styrene from polystyrene food-contact polymers.
On the origin of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene in extra virgin olive oil.
Compositional analysis of samples of thermoset polyester and migration of ethylbenzene and styrene from thermoset polyester into pork during cooking.
Taste interaction of styrene/ethylbenzene mixtures in an oil-in-water emulsion.
Possible regulatory role for nonaromatic carbon sources in styrene degradation by Pseudomonas putida CA-3.
Styrene-induced hepatotoxicity in mice depleted of glutathione.
Assessment of cytogenetic changes in human populations at risk in Egypt.
Determination of bromate in bread by capillary gas chromatography with a mass detector (GC/MS).
Effects of age and dietary restriction on liver glutathione transferase activities in Lobund-Wistar rats.
An improved method for the simultaneous determination of mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids by gas chromatography.
HPLC purification and separation of 5,5'-substituted-2,4-imidazolidinedithiones.
Legislation, control and research in the Nordic countries on plastics for packaging food.
Styrene: toxicity studies--what do they show?
Styrene production, use, and human exposure.
The 'vapour-phase' migration of styrene from general purpose polystyrene and high impact polystyrene into cooking oil.
Adaptation of Pseudomonas putida S12 to high concentrations of styrene and other organic solvents.
Migration of styrene monomer from thermoset polyester cookware into foods during high temperature applications.
Exposure to styrene in the general Canadian population.
Chronic physical activity: hepatic hypertrophy and increased total biotransformation enzyme activity.
Styrene formation by the decomposition by Pichia carsonii of trans-cinnamic acid added to a ground fish product.
Styrene migration from general-purpose and high-impact polystyrene into food-simulating solvents.
[Determination of volatile substances and leachable components in polystyrene food contact wares].
The role of metallothionein induction and altered zinc status in maternally mediated developmental toxicity: comparison of the effects of urethane and styrene in rats.
Sensory analysis of polystyrene packaging material taint in cocoa powder for drinks and chocolate flakes.
The migration of acrylonitrile from acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene polymers into food-simulating liquids.
Mechanisms of anti-carcinogenesis by indole-3-carbinol. Studies of enzyme induction, electrophile-scavenging, and inhibition of aflatoxin B1 activation.
Worksite behavioral research. Results, sensitive methods, test batteries and the transition from laboratory data to human health.
Selected-ion monitoring of 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene in acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymer products and food simulants.
Volatile metabolites of some barley storage molds.
[Results and prospects for the hygienic regulation of monomers migrating out of materials designed for contact with food products (styrene, alpha-methylstyrene)].
The study of mutagenic activity of carcinogens and other chemical agents with Salmonella typhimurium assays: testing of 126 compounds.
[Methods of predicting the toxicity of substances migrating from polymer materials used in the food-processing industry].
Residual styrene monomer in Chilean foods by headspace gas chromatography.
[Effects of one-day food restriction on the metabolism and toxicity of organic solvents in rats].
[Determining the residues of non-bound styrene in polystyrene packaging for food products].
[Mutagenic activity of carcinogens and other chemical agents in Salmonella typhimurium tests].
Chronic toxicity and three-generation reproduction study of styrene monomer in the drinking water of rats.
New FDA migration cell used to study migration of styrene from polystyrene into various solvents.
Interaction between plastics packaging materials and foodstuffs with different fat content and fat release properties.
Biomonitoring of exposure to potential mutagens and carcinogens in industrial populations.
Enhanced metabolism of volatile hydrocarbons in rat liver following food deprivation, restricted carbohydrate intake, and administration of ethanol, phenobarbital, polychlorinated biphenyl and 3-methylcholanthrene: a comparative study.
Neurophysiological and psychological disorders and occupational exposure to organic solvents.
NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,3-Butadiene (CAS No. 106-99-0) in B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).
Gastrointestinal scintigraphy using 99mTc- or 111In-labelled polymer beads.
Contact allergy to styrene and related chemicals.
Determination of styrene migration from food-contact polymers into margarine, using azeotropic distillation and headspace gas chromatography.
A survey of styrene monomer levels in foods and plastic packaging by coupled mass spectrometry--automatic headspace gas chromatography.
Epoxide hydrolase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in human fetal tissues: activities in nuclear and microsomal fractions and in isolated hepatocytes.
[Gas chromatographic determination of trace amounts of styrene in solutions simulating food products].
Carcinogenesis Bioassay of Bisphenol A (CAS No. 80-05-7) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Study).
Headspace sampling and gas chromatographic determination of styrene migration from food-contact polystyrene cups into beverages and food simulants.
Single-ion monitoring of styrene in foods by coupled mass spectrometry-automatic headspace gas chromatography.
Determination of styrene in foods by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
Styrene and the chromosome.
Container-derived contamination of maple sirup with methyl methacrylate, toluene, and styrene as determined by headspace gas-liquid chromatography.
[Contamination and secondary reactions in the processing of dietary fats].
[Hygienic chemical studies on plastics (V). Migration of acrylonitrile from acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer and acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer into various food simulating solvents in long period (author's transl)].
Styrene before the fray.
Chromosomal aberration tests on 29 chemicals combined with S9 mix in vitro.
Teratologic evaluation of styrene given to rats and rabbits by inhalation or by gavage.
[Styrene migration into wine contained in polyester resin tanks].
[Use of the mass spectrometer as a specific detector in the analysis of alcoholic beverages by gas-liquid chromatography].
Styrene monomer in foods a limited Canadian Survey.
Health hazards in the production and processing of some fibers, resins, and plastics in Bulgaria.
Quantitative analysis of styrene monomer in polystyrene and foods including some preliminary studies of the uptake and pharmacodynamics of the monomer in rats.
The effect of dieldrin-contaminated feed on rat hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.
[Polarographic determination of acrylonitrile in aqueous extracts from copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile].
Two methods to determine if styrene monomer is present in milk.

Other Information

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:	View
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
UM BBD:	Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C07083
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB34240
FooDB:	FDB012552
Export Tariff Code:	2902.50.0000
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View
Wikipedia2:	View2
Formulations/Preparations: •available in usa as polymer grade purity, 99.6% min; polymer, 10 mgkg (ppm) max; sulfur, 25 mgkg (ppm) max; chlorine, 50 mgkg (ppm) max; hydrogen peroxide, 100 mgkg (ppm) max; benzaldehyde, 200 mgkg (ppm) max; & tertiary-butyl catechol (as inhibitor), 12-15 mgkg (ppm). free from suspended matter & is clear. •purity, 99.6-99.9% min; ethylbenzene, 85 ppm max; polymer content, 10 ppm max; para-tert-butylcatechol (inhibitor), 10-15 ppm or 45-55 ppm; aldehydes (as benzaldehyde), 200 ppm; peroxides (as h2o2), 0.0015 wt% or 100 ppm max; benzene, 1 ppm max; sulfur, 25 ppm max; chlorides (as chlorine), 50 ppm max •clear, colorless grades

Suppliers

Augustus Oils	Charkit Chemical
Chevron Phillips	ECSA Chemicals
LyondellBasell Industries	Moellhausen
Penta International	Sigma-Aldrich: Aldrich
Silver Fern Chemical	TCI AMERICA
Augustus Oils Ltd	Charkit Chemical Corporation
Moellhausen S.P.A.	Penta International Corporation

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex	No
Molecular weight	104.15175628662
Specific gravity	@ 20 °C
Pounds per Gallon	7.548 to 7.573
Refractive Index	1.545 to 1.548 @ 20 °C
Melting Point	-31 to -30°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point	145 to 146°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point	67 to 68°C @ 50 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure	6.205 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density	3.6
Flash Point TCC Value	32.22 °C TCC
logP (o/w)	2.95
Solubility
alcohol	Yes
water, 310 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)	Yes
water	No
Stability
non-discoloring in most media	Unspecified

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Balsamic
sweet, balsamic, floral, plastic
Luebke, William tgsc, (1981)	At 0.10 % in triacetin. sweet balsam floral plastic

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications	cosmetic agents
Odor purposes	Styrax
Flavoring purposes	Almond, Cherry, Plum
Cosmetic purposes	Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 10 - Flammable. R 20 - Harmful by inhalation. R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 23 - Do not breath vapour. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 2650 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LIVER: OTHER CHANGES Science Reports of the Research Institutes, Tohoku University, Series C: Medicine. Vol. 36(1-4), Pg. 10, 1989. intraperitoneal-rat LD50 898 mg/kg Environmental Research. Vol. 40, Pg. 411, 1986. oral-mouse LD50 316 mg/kg Progress Report for Contract No. NIH-NCI-E-C-72-3252, Submitted to the National Cancer Institute by Litton Bionetics, Inc. Vol. NCI-E-C-72-3252, Pg. 1973 intravenous-mouse LD50 90 mg/kg Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 19, Pg. 617, 1969. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 660 mg/kg Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 19, Pg. 617, 1969 oral-mammal (species unspecified) LDLo > 1500 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 39(4), Pg. 86, 1974.
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 12000 mg/m3/4H Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 18, Pg. 878, 1969. inhalation-mouse LC50 9500 mg/m3/4H "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 106, 1982. inhalation-guinea pig TCLo 12000 mg/m3/14H BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: ANTIPSYCHOTIC SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 24, Pg. 295, 1942. inhalation-human TCLo 10000 ppm/30M "Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968Vol. -, Pg. 77, 1968. inhalation-human TCLo 20 ug/m3 SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 26(8), Pg. 11, 1961. inhalation-human TCLo 376 ppm/1H BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE) Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 16, Pg. 656, 1968. inhalation-human TCLo 600 ppm SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER CHANGES: OLFACTION SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE AMA Archives of Industrial Health. Vol. 14, Pg. 387, 1956. inhalation-rabbit TCLo 4000 ppm/4H Union Carbide Data Sheet. Vol. 12/13/1963

Safety in use information

Category:
cosmetic agents
Recommendation for styrene usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.

Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		0.85 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI):		590 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:		1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class:		I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 4
Click here to view publication 4
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	0.20000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	-
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		-	-
condiments / relishes:		-	-
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	0.20000
fruit ices:		-	0.20000
gelatins / puddings:		-	-
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		-	0.20000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		-	-
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	-
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
		average usage mg/kg	maximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0):		0.50000	-
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0):		0.50000	-
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0):		0.50000	4.00000
Processed fruit (04.1):		-	-
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2):		-	-
Confectionery (05.0):		0.50000	6.00000
Chewing gum (05.3):		-	-
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0):		-	-
Bakery wares (07.0):		0.50000	8.50000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0):		0.10000	0.50000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0):		-	-
Eggs and egg products (10.0):		-	-
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0):		-	-
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0):		-	-
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0):		-	-
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1):		1.50000	3.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2):		0.50000	6.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0):		0.50000	0.50000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0):		-	-

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety assessment of the substances (butadiene, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, styrene) copolymer either not crosslinked or crosslinked with divinylbenzene or 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate, in nanoform, for use in food contact materials
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list
View page or View pdf

Assessment of the impact of the IARC Monograph Vol. 121 on the safety of the substance styrene (FCM No 193) for its use in plastic food contact materials
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

EPA-Iris:IRIS

NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search

NIOSH Pocket Guide:search

Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search

EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):100-42-5

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data