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valeric acid
General Material Information
| Preferred name | valeric acid |
| Trivial Name | Pentanoic acid |
| Short Description | 1-pentanoic acid |
| Formula | C5 H10 O2 |
| CAS Number | 109-52-4 |
| FEMA Number | 3101 |
| Flavis Number | 8.007 |
| ECHA Number | 203-677-2 |
| FDA UNII | GZK92PJM7B |
| Nikkaji Number | J1.504K |
| Beilstein Number | 0969454 |
| MDL | MFCD00004413 |
| COE Number | 7 |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 90 valeric acid |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 109-52-4 ; VALERIC ACID |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| pentanoic acid | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 109-52-4 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 7991 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134973678 |
| Flavornet: | 109-52-4 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C00803 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB00892 |
| FooDB: | FDB003230 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01484 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2915.60.5000 |
| FDA Listing of Food Additive Status: | View |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
| Formulations/Preparations: grades: technical; reagent. | |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | Yes |
| Molecular weight | 102.13310241699 |
| Specific gravity | @ 20 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 7.823 to 7.848 |
| Refractive Index | 1.407 to 1.411 @ 20 °C |
| Melting Point | -35 to -34°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 184 to 186°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 112 to 113°C @ 50 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.452 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Vapor Density | 3.5 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 88.89 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 1.39 |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| ether | Yes |
| water, 1.86e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Cheesy | |
| acidic, sweaty, rancid, sharp, cheesy, sour, milky, tobacco, fruity | |
| General comment | At 1.00 % in propylene glycol. sickening putrid acidic sweaty rancid |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 19, No. 2, 55, (1994) | Acidic and sharp, cheese-like, sour milky, tobacco, with fruity nuances |
| Flavor Type: Acidic | |
| acidic, dairy, milky, cheesy | |
| Mosciano, Gerard P&F 19, No. 2, 55, (1994) | At 100.00 ppm. Acidic, dairy-like with milky and cheese nuances |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Apple, Castoreum, Petitgrain lemon petitgrain, Pineapple |
| Flavoring purposes | Cheese, Milk, Petitgrain lemon petitgrain |
| Cosmetic purposes | Perfuming agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| C N - Corrosive, Dangerous for the environment. | |
| R 34 - Causes burns. R 52/53 - Harmful to qauatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. S 01/02 - Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-mouse LD50 600 mg/kg "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 119, 1982. intravenous-mouse LD50 1290 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ALTERED SLEEP TIME (INCLUDING CHANGE IN RIGHTING REFLEX) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 18, Pg. 141, 1961. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 3590 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 85, 1969. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| subcutaneous-mouse LD50 3590 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 21, Pg. 85, 1969. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-mouse LC50 4100 mg/m3/2H "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 119, 1982. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Structure Class: | I | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 3 | |||
| Click here to view publication 3 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 8.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 1.20000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 1.80000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 1.80000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | - | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 2.50000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 9, Revision 1: (FGE.09 Rev1)[1] - Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical groups 8 and 30, and an ester of a phenol carboxylic acid from chemical group 25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 14, Revision 1 (FGE.14Rev1): Phenethyl alcohol, aldehyde, acetals, carboxylic acid and related esters from chemical group 15 and 22 [1] - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 1 (FGE.20Rev1): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 18, Revision 1 (FGE. 18 Rev1)[1] : Aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic saturated and unsaturated tertiary alcohols, aromatic tertiary alcohols and their esters from chemical groups 6 and 8 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 2 (FGE.07Rev2) : Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1] View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 2 (FGE.20Rev2): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 9, Revision 2 (FGE.09Rev2): Secondary alicyclic saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones and esters containing secondary alicyclic alcohols from chemical group 8 and 30, and an ester of a phenol derivative from chemical group 25 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 3(FGE.20Rev3): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30 View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):109-52-4 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7991 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 3265 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| pentanoic acid |
| Chemidplus:0000109524 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:109-52-4 |