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phenol
General Material Information
| Preferred name | phenol |
| Trivial Name | Phenol |
| Short Description | hydroxybenzene |
| Formula | C6 H6 O |
| CAS Number | 108-95-2 |
| FEMA Number | 3223 |
| Flavis Number | 4.041 |
| ECHA Number | 203-632-7 |
| FDA UNII | 339NCG44TV |
| Nikkaji Number | J2.873H |
| Beilstein Number | 969616 |
| MDL | MFCD00002143 |
| COE Number | 11811 |
| Bio Activity Summary | External link |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| JECFA Food Flavoring | 690 phenol |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| FDA Mainterm | 108-95-2 ; PHENOL |
| Synonyms |
|
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| phenol | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 108-95-2 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 996 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134973339 |
| Flavornet: | 108-95-2 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): | View |
| FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: | View |
| CHEBI: | View |
| CHEMBL: | View |
| Golm Metabolome Database: | Search |
| Metabolomics Database: | Search |
| UM BBD: | Search |
| KEGG (GenomeNet): | C00146 |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB00228 |
| FooDB: | FDB000893 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2907.11.0000 |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 94.113021850586 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | |
| Melting Point | 38 to 41°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 181 to 182°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 104 to 105°C @ 50 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.614 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 79.44 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 1.46 |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 2.616e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Phenolic | |
| phenolic, plastic, rubbery | |
| General comment | At 0.01 % in dipropylene glycol. phenolic plastic rubber |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Other purposes | Antimicrobial agents, Denaturants, Deodorants |
| Cosmetic purposes | Not used anymore |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| T - Toxic. | |
| R 20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R 23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R 34 - Causes burns. R 48 - Danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure. R 68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects. S 01/02 - Keep locked up and out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 317 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Vol. 32, Pg. 592, 1935. oral-mouse LD50 270 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 38(8), Pg. 6, 1973. intraperitoneal-rat LD50 127 mg/kg Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 41(6), Pg. 103, 1976. oral-cat LDLo 80 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1319, 1935. oral-dog LDLo 500 mg/kg "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1319, 1935. parenteral-frog LDLo 290 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 166, Pg. 437, 1932. intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo 300 mg/kg "Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 1, Pg. 228, 1955. oral-human LDLo 140 mg/kg SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): SWEATING: OTHER BEHAVIORAL: "HALLUCINATIONS, DISTORTED PERCEPTIONS" "Practical Toxicology of Plastics," Lefaux, R., Cleveland, OH, Chemical Rubber Co., 1968Vol. -, Pg. 329, 1968. oral-human LDLo 14000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS "Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 463, 1969. oral-mammal (species unspecified) LD50 500 mg/kg Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 32(10), Pg. 25, 1988. intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 180 mg/kg Pharmacologist. Vol. 10, Pg. 172, 1968. intravenous-mouse LD50 112 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacology. Vol. 12, Pg. 212, 1939. intraperitoneal-rabbit LDLo 620 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 80, Pg. 233, 1944. intravenous-rabbit LDLo 180 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 80, Pg. 233, 1944. oral-rabbit LDLo 420 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 80, Pg. 233, 1944. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 630 mg/kg Union Carbide Data Sheet. Vol. 1/6/1966 subcutaneous-mouse LD50 344 mg/kg Industrial Health. Vol. 5, Pg. 143, 1967. skin-rat LD50 669 mg/kg KIDNEY, URETER, AND BLADDER: HEMATURIA SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): CUTANEOUS SENSITIZATION (EXPERIMENTAL): AFTER TOPICAL EXPOSURE BEHAVIORAL: TREMOR British Journal of Industrial Medicine. Vol. 27, Pg. 155, 1970. subcutaneous-rat LD50 460 mg/kg Toho Igakkai Zasshi. Journal of Medical Society of Toho University. Vol. 10, Pg. 1, 1963. subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 620 mg/kg Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 80, Pg. 233, 1944. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| inhalation-mouse LC50 177 mg/m3 Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 41(6), Pg. 103, 1976. inhalation-rat LC50 316 mg/m3 Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 41(6), Pg. 103, 1976. | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| food contact resinous and polymeric coatings | |||
| Recommendation for phenol usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): | 5.20 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): | 1.00 (μg/capita/day) | ||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 4 | |||
| Click here to view publication 4 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | - | 0.50000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | - | 0.50000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | - | - | |
| breakfast cereal: | - | - | |
| cheese: | - | - | |
| chewing gum: | - | - | |
| condiments / relishes: | - | - | |
| confectionery froastings: | - | - | |
| egg products: | - | - | |
| fats / oils: | - | - | |
| fish products: | - | - | |
| frozen dairy: | - | 0.50000 | |
| fruit ices: | - | 0.50000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | - | 0.50000 | |
| granulated sugar: | - | - | |
| gravies: | - | - | |
| hard candy: | - | 0.50000 | |
| imitation dairy: | - | - | |
| instant coffee / tea: | - | - | |
| jams / jellies: | - | - | |
| meat products: | - | - | |
| milk products: | - | - | |
| nut products: | - | - | |
| other grains: | - | - | |
| poultry: | - | - | |
| processed fruits: | - | - | |
| processed vegetables: | - | - | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | - | - | |
| seasonings / flavors: | - | - | |
| snack foods: | - | - | |
| soft candy: | - | - | |
| soups: | - | - | |
| sugar substitutes: | - | - | |
| sweet sauces: | - | - | |
Safety references
| European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies... |
| European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s): |
| Flavouring Group Evaluation 88, (FGE.88)[1] - Consideration of Phenol and Phenol Derivatives - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of phenol derivatives containing ring-alkyl, ring-alkoxy and side-chains with an oxygenated functional group (chemical group 25) when used as flavourings for all species View page or View pdf |
| Scientific Opinion on the toxicological evaluation of phenol View page or View pdf |
| EPI System: View |
| EPA-Iris:IRIS |
| ClinicalTrials.gov:search |
| Daily Med:search |
| NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide:search |
| Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search |
| EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):108-95-2 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :996 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| SCCNFP:opinion |
| WISER:UN 1671 |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| phenol |
| Chemidplus:0000108952 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:108-95-2 |