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General Material Information

Preferred name resorcinol
Trivial Name Resorcinol
Short Description benzene-1,3-diol
Formula C6 H6 O2
CAS Number 108-46-3
FEMA Number 3589
Flavis Number 4.047
ECHA Number 203-585-2
FDA UNII YUL4LO94HK
Nikkaji Number J2.863K
Beilstein Number 0906905
MDL MFCD00002269
COE Number 11250
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 712 resorcinol
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 108-46-3 ; RESORCINOL
Synonyms
  • acnomel
  • meta- benzene diol
  • benzene-1,3-diol
  • benzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-
  • benzene, m-dihydroxy-
  • 1,3-benzenediol
  • m- benzenediol
  • benzol-1,3-diol
  • c.i. 76505
  • C.I. developer 4
  • C.I. oxidation base 31
  • ci 76505
  • developer O
  • developer RS
  • 1,3-dihydroxybenzene
  • m- dihydroxybenzene
  • meta- dihydroxybenzene
  • dihydroxybenzol
  • 1,3-dihydroxybenzol
  • m- dioxybenzene
  • meta- dioxybenzene
  • durafur developer G
  • eskamel
  • fouramine RS
  • fourrine 79
  • fourrine EW
  • hexylresorcinol Imp. B (EP)
  • m- hydroquinone
  • meta- hydroquinone
  • 3-hydroxycyclohexadien-1-one
  • 3-hydroxyphenol
  • m- hydroxyphenol
  • meta- hydroxyphenol
  • hymecromone Imp. A (EP)
  • nako TGG
  • pelagol RS
  • phenol, m-hydroxy-
  • phoroglucin
  • RESO
  • resorcin
  • resorcine
  • a- resorcinol
  • resorcinol (c.i. 76505)
  • resorcinol food grade
  • resorcinol USP
  • resorcinol, tech.
  • resorzin
  • 1,3-Benzenediol
  • m-Benzenediol
  • Developer R
  • Pelagol Grey RS
  • 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene
  • m-Hydroquinone
  • m-Hydroxyphenol
  • 3-Hydroxyphenol
  • m-Phenylenediol
  • RS 11H
  • RS 11L
  • m-Dihydroxybenzene
  • Rodol RS
  • NSC 1571
  • Redimix 401RAP60
  • Rezorsine
  • Resorcinol 80
  • 1,3-Phenylenediol
  • m-Resorcinol
  • Cohedur RS
  • KH 8420
  • R 80

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

benzene-1,3-diol
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:108-46-3
Pubchem (cid):5054
Pubchem (sid):134970519
Publications by PubMed
Inhibitory effects of cardols and related compounds on superoxide anion generation by xanthine oxidase.
A novel 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol functionalised magnetic nanosorbent for selective extraction of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from food and water samples.
2-Alkenal-scavenging ability of m-diphenols.
Essential Structural Requirements and Additive Effects for Flavonoids to Scavenge Methylglyoxal.
Determination of synthetic by-products and an intermediate in the colour additives D&C Red Nos 27 and 28 (phloxine B) and their lakes using conventional HPLC.
Structural characteristics that determine the inhibitory role of phenolic compounds on 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) formation.
Development and validation of a micromethod for fast quantification of 5-n-alkylresorcinols in grains and whole grain products.
Analysis of alkylresorcinols in cereal grains and products using ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence, ultraviolet, and CoulArray electrochemical detection.
Determination of synthetic by-products and an intermediate in the colour additive D&C Orange No. 5 using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Metabolism of oak leaf ellagitannins and urolithin production in beef cattle.
Antibacterial activity of the plant-derived compounds 23-methyl-6-O-desmethylauricepyrone and (Z,Z)-5-(trideca-4,7-dienyl)resorcinol and their synergy with antibiotics against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
In vitro anti-platelet effects of simple plant-derived phenolic compounds are only found at high, non-physiological concentrations.
Rye bran alkylresorcinols suppress adipocyte lipolysis and hormone-sensitive lipase activity.
ESI-MS quantitation of iron as its 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) complex: application to pharmaceutical tablets containing iron oxide pigment.
Effect of pasteurization on selected immune components of donated human breast milk.
Irreversible competitive inhibitory kinetics of cardol triene on mushroom tyrosinase.
Essential oils, phenolics, and antioxidant activities of different parts of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.).
Resveratrol and its oligomers from wine grapes are selective (1)O2 quenchers: mechanistic implication by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation.
Classification of benzoyl peroxide as safe and effective and revision of labeling to drug facts format; topical acne drug products for over-the-counter human use; final rule.
Improving the stability and antioxidant properties of sesame oil: water-soluble spray-dried emulsions from new transesterified phenolic derivatives.
Bioremediation of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon contaminated soil by native soil microbiota and bioaugmentation with isolated microbial consortia.
Alkaline phosphatase-polyresorcinol complex: characterization and application to seed coating.
Tyrosinase inhibitory polyphenols from roots of Morus lhou.
Alkylresorcinols in wheat varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen.
Analysis of cyanogens with resorcinol and picrate.
Quantification of alkylresorcinol metabolites in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrode array detection.
A preconcentration system for determination of copper and nickel in water and food samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry.
Total antioxidant capacity and content of flavonoids and other phenolic compounds in canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule): an Andean pseudocereal.
Stopped-flow kinetic study of the aroxyl radical-scavenging action of catechins and vitamin C in ethanol and micellar solutions.
Plastic components affect the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon and the androgen receptor.
Anti-inflammatory 5-(11'Z-heptadecenyl)- and 5-(8'Z,11'Z-heptadecadienyl)-resorcinols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) peels.
2-Aminoresorcinol is a potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.
Autism: transient in utero hypothyroxinemia related to maternal flavonoid ingestion during pregnancy and to other environmental antithyroid agents.
Polyphenol oxidase from yacon roots (Smallanthus sonchifolius).
Stacked films immobilization of MBTH in nafion/sol-gel silicate and horseradish peroxidase in chitosan for the determination of phenolic compounds.
Determination of 2,4,6-triiodoresorcinol and other side reaction products and intermediates in the colour additive FD&C Red No. 3 (erythrosine) using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Colorimetric evaluation of phenolic content and GC-MS characterization of phenolic composition of alimentary and cosmetic argan oil and press cake.
Simultaneous determination of cobalt, copper and zinc by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry after preconcentration on PAR-loaded ion-exchange resin.
Evaluation of dry ashing in conjunction with ion chromatographic determination of transition metal ions in pig feed samples.
Chromatographic analysis of alkylresorcinols and their metabolites.
Identification of cereal alkylresorcinol metabolites in human urine-potential biomarkers of wholegrain wheat and rye intake.
Estimation of scavenging activity of phenolic compounds using the ABTS(*+) assay.
Sterol ferulates, sterols, and 5-alk(en)ylresorcinols from wheat, rye, and corn bran oils and their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus activation.
Method for analysis of tannic acid and its metabolites in biological samples: application to tannic acid metabolism in the rat.
Free radical chemistry of flavan-3-ols: determination of thermodynamic parameters and of kinetic reactivity from short (ns) to long (ms) time scale.
Simultaneous and sensitive analysis of Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, and Fe in food and biological samples by ion chromatography.
Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 2: chemical composition of mainstream smoke.
Oxidation of polyphenols in phytate-reduced high-tannin cereals: effect on different phenolic groups and on in vitro accessible iron.
GC-MS analysis of hydrophobic root exudates of sorghum and implications on the parasitic plant Striga asiatica.
Transglycosylation by Streptococcus mutans GS-5 glucosyltransferase-D: acceptor specificity and engineering of reaction conditions.
Structure-activity relationship of polyphenols on inhibition of chemical mediator release from rat peritoneal exudate cells.
Pigment producing yeasts involved in the brown surface discoloration of ewes' cheese.
Systemic contact dermatitis to raw cashew nuts in a pesto sauce.
Potential for an external vaginal antiitch cream containing benzocaine to cause methemoglobinemia in healthy women.
Effect of tea polyphenols on histamine release from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells: the structure-inhibitory activity relationship.
Transcriptional regulation of the human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene by monofunctional inducers.
Sensitization of mice to paraphenylenediamine and structurally-related compounds: adjuvant effects of vitamin A supplementation.
Mechanism-based inactivation of lactoperoxidase and thyroid peroxidase by resorcinol derivatives.
Radiochemical neutron activation analysis of Fe, Co, Zn, Sb and Se in biomedical and environmental samples.
Forestomach neoplasms in Fischer F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice exposed to diglycidyl resorcinol ether--an epoxy resin.
Multigeneration reproduction and carcinogenicity studies in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed topically to oxidative hair-colouring formulations containing p-phenylenediamine and other aromatic amines.
Detection of GD3 ganglioside in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with monoclonal antibody to GD3: restriction to immunophenotypically defined T-cell disease.
Increased antimutagenic activity of simple substituted phenols mixed with the hindered phenolic antioxidant dibunol.
Eugenol-mediated superoxide generation and cytotoxicity in guinea pig neutrophils.
[Application of the Ti(IV)-4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol reagent to the determination of hydrogen peroxide and sulfite as food additives].
Mutagenicity of commercial hair dyes in Salmonella typhimurium TA98.
Mutagenicity of commercial p-phenylenediamine and of an oxidation mixture of p-phenylenediamine and resorcinol in Salmonella typhimurium TA98.
[Analytical methods for nitrate and nitrite determination in foods. 3. Spectrophotometric determination of nitrate and nitrite using sulphanilic acid/1-naphylamine, and of nitrite using resorcinol/zirconium (IV) oxychloride].
Effect of Phloroglucinol and Resorcinol on the Clingstone Peach Polyphenol Oxidase-catalyzed Oxidation of 4-Methylcatechol.
[4-(Pyridylazo)-resorcinol as an analytical reagent for the colorimetric determination of lead in food].

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Metabolomics Database:Search
UM BBD:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C01751
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB32037
FooDB:FDB008738
Export Tariff Code:2907.21.0000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•grades: usp; technical •available as an ointment, cream, or lotion in concentrations of 1 to 10%. it is also used as compound resorcinol ointment, which contains 6% resorcinol. resorcinol monoacetate gradually liberates resorcinol and, therefore, exerts a milder but more lasting action. it is used for the same purposes as resorcinol. resorcinol monoacetate is compounded with sulfur in preparations for seborrhea. •castellani paint topical antifungal agent contains resorcinol, basic fuchsin, phenol, acetone and alcohol •night cast formula r medicated acne mask contains 2% resorcinol, 8% sulfur and 31% alcohol •resinol ointment and resinol greaseless cream contain 2.0% resorcinol •resulfolin contains 3% resorcinol monoacetate

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 110.11222076416
Melting Point 110 to 112°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 281 to 281°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.002 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 3.8
Flash Point TCC Value 110 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 0.8
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 8.571e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
water No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Nutty
nutty, creamy, phenolic, hawthorn, musty, vanilla
Luebke, William tgsc, (1987) At 1.00 % in propylene glycol. nutty creamy phenolic hawthorn musty
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 14, No. 6, 47, (1989) Creamy, vanilla
Flavor Type: Vanilla
creamy, vanilla, phenolic, musty
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 14, No. 6, 47, (1989) At 100.00 ppm. Creamy, vanilla, slightly phenolic and musty

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Odor purposes Cream, Vanilla
Flavoring purposes Cream sour cream
Other purposes Hair dyeing agents
Cosmetic purposes Fragrance, Hair dyeing agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn N - Harmful, Dangerous for the environment.
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes.
R 50 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 301 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD GASTROINTESTINAL: CHANGES IN STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION OF SALIVARY GLANDS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 11-4/1970

oral-mouse LD50 200 mg/kg
Japanese Journal of Toxicology. Vol. 4, Pg. 105, 1991.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 215 mg/kg
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine Vol. 61, Pg. 291, 1966.

intravenous-dog LDLo 700 mg/kg
"Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.

parenteral-frog LDLo 270 mg/kg
CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: SPASTIC PARALYSIS WITH OR WITHOUT SENSORY CHANGE
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 166, Pg. 437, 1932.

oral-human LDLo 29 mg/kg
"Toxicology of Drugs and Chemicals," Deichmann, W.B., New York, Academic Press, Inc., 1969Vol. -, Pg. 519, 1969.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 3360 mg/kg
SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): PRIMARY IRRITATION: AFTER TOPICAL EXPOSURE
American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. Vol. 37, Pg. 596, 1976.

subcutaneous-guinea pig LDLo 400 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: TETANY BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 15, Pg. 561, 1895.

subcutaneous-mouse LD50 213 mg/kg
Zeitschrift fuer die Gesamte Innere Medizin und Ihre Grenzgebiete. Vol. 2, Pg. 333, 1947.

subcutaneous-cat LDLo 110 mg/kg
BLOOD: METHEMOGLOBINEMIA-CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 72, Pg. 241, 1913.

subcutaneous-rat LDLo 400 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: TETANY BEHAVIORAL: EXCITEMENT
Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande. Vol. 15, Pg. 561, 1895.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LCLo 160 mg/m3/1H
BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 11-4/1970

Safety in use information

Category:
food contact closures with sealing gaskets for food containers
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 1.20 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 0.30 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 11
Click here to view publication 11
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -15.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): --
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -5.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: -5.00000
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: -5.00000
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: -10.00000
snack foods: -10.00000
soft candy: --
soups: -5.00000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 58 (FGE.58) Consideration of phenol derivatives evaluated by JECFA (55th meeting) structurally related to ring substituted phenolic substances evaluated by EFSA in FGE.22 (2006) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the use of Resorcinol as a food additive
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of phenol derivatives containing ring-alkyl, ring-alkoxy and side-chains with an oxygenated functional group (chemical group 25) when used as flavourings for all species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
NIOSH Pocket Guide:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):108-46-3
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :5054
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
SCCNFP:opinion
WISER:UN 2876
WGK Germany:2
benzene-1,3-diol
Chemidplus:0000108463
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:108-46-3