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General Material Information

Preferred name guaiene
Trivial Name β-Guaiene
Short Description guaia-1(5),7(11)-diene
Formula C15 H24
CAS Number 88-84-6
Deleted CAS Number 34766-41-1
Flavis Number 1.026
ECHA Number 201-860-1
FDA UNII 1D018Q907T
Nikkaji Number J2.380.967B
xLogP3-AA 4.10 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 1347 guaiene
FDA Mainterm 88-84-6 ; GUAIENE
Synonyms
  • azulene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)-, (1S-cis)-
  • azulene, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)-, (1S,4S)-
  • 2,8-dimethyl-5-isopropylidene-bicyclo(5.3.0)dec-1(7)-ene
  • 1,4-dimethyl-7-(propan-2-ylidene)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroazulene
  • 1,4-dimethyl-7-propan-2-ylidene-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydro-1H-azulene
  • guaia-1(5),7(11)-diene
  • 1(5),7(11)- guaiadiene
  • .beta.- guaiene
  • beta- guaiene
  • guaiene natural
  • beta- guajene
  • (1S,4S)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methyl ethylidene) azulene
  • 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methyl ethylidene) azulene
  • 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)-azulene, (1S,cis)
  • (1S-cis)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-7-isopropylidene-1,4-dimethyl azulene
  • (1S-cis)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-7-isopropylidene-1,4-dimethylazulene
  • 1,4-dimethyl-7-propan-2-ylidene-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydro-1H-azulene
  • (1S,4S)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-Octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethylidene)azulene
  • β-Guaiene
  • β-Guajene

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Literature & References

1,4-dimethyl-7-propan-2-ylidene-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydro-1H-azulene
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:88-84-6
Pubchem (cid):6949
Pubchem (sid):134972511
Flavornet:88-84-6
Pherobase:View
Publications by PubMed
Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Extracts of Valeriana jatamansi Roots.
[Study of production of sesquiterpenes of Aquilaria senensis stimulated by Lasiodiplodia theobromae].
[Analysis of volatile composition of different specification of Panax notoginseng].
Anti-inflammatory guaiane-type sesquiterpenes from the fruits of Pittosporum undulatum.
Transcriptome Analysis of Thapsia laciniata Rouy Provides Insights into Terpenoid Biosynthesis and Diversity in Apiaceae.
Insecticidal and repellence activity of the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin against urban ants species.
Identification of genes related to agarwood formation: transcriptome analysis of healthy and wounded tissues of Aquilaria sinensis.
Virtual screening of compounds from the patchouli oil of Pogostemon herba for COX-1 inhibition.
Quantitative and physical evaluation of patchouli essential oils obtained from different sources of Pogostemon cablin.
Essential oil of Azorella cryptantha collected in two different locations from San Juan Province, Argentina: chemical variability and anti-insect and antimicrobial activities.
[Study on chemical constituents of the Ixeris chinensis].
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Hypericum hircinum L. subsp. majus (Aiton) N. Robson essential oil.
In vivo antidepressant activity of sesquiterpenes from the roots of Valeriana fauriei Briq.
Chemical constituents, antioxidant and antimocrobial activity of essential oil of Pogostemon paniculatus (Willd.).
Chemical composition of leaf and root essential oils of Boenninghausenia albiflora Reichb. from northern India.
Chemical diversity in the essential oil of Indian valerian (Valeriana jatamansi Jones).
Phytochemical investigation and antifeedant activity of Premna latifolia leaves.
A comparison of headspace solid-phase microextraction and classic hydrodistillation for the identification of volatile constituents from Thapsia spp. provides insights into guaianolide biosynthesis in Apiaceae.
Genomic organization of δ-guaiene synthase genes in Aquilaria crassna and its possible use for the identification of Aquilaria species.
Chemical composition of volatile oils of Aquilaria malaccensis (Thymelaeaceae) from Malaysia.
Oil constituents of Artemisia nilagirica var. septentrionalis growing at different altitudes.
[Morphology, anatomy, ontogeny and chemical composition of inflorescences volatile secondary metabolites of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) at three stages of development].
Geranium macrorrhizum L. (Geraniaceae) essential oil: a potent agent against Bacillus subtilis.
Characterization of delta-guaiene synthases from cultured cells of Aquilaria, responsible for the formation of the sesquiterpenes in agarwood.
Antibacterial properties of essential oils and methanol extracts of sweet basil Ocimum basilicum occurring in Bangladesh.
Doubly deuterium-labeled patchouli alcohol from cyclization of singly labeled [2-(2)H(1)]farnesyl diphosphate catalyzed by recombinant patchoulol synthase.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Anaphalis nubigena var. monocephala.
The main chemical composition and in vitro antifungal activity of the essential oils of Ocimum basilicum Linn. var. pilosum (Willd.) Benth.
Essential Oil Composition and Antibacterial Studies of Vitex negundo Linn. Extracts.
Microbial transformation of (-)-guaiol and antibacterial activity of its transformed products.
Alpha-bulnesene, a PAF inhibitor isolated from the essential oil of Pogostemon cablin.
Syntheses of (+)-alismoxide and (+)-4-epi-alismoxide.
Isolation of Seseli bocconi Guss., subsp. praecox Gamisans (Apiaceae) volatile oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction.
GC-MS fingerprint of Pogostemon cablin in China.
Secondary metabolites of Peucedanum tauricum fruits.
Application of multidimensional gas chromatography to the enantioselective characterisation of the essential oil of Eupatorium buniifolium Hooker et Arnott.
Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Pimpinella junoniae Ceb. & Ort., gathered in La Gomera, Canary Islands, Spain.
[Two chemotypes of Pogostemon cablin and influence of region of cultivation and harvesting time on volatile oil composition].
Essential oil from fruit of Peucedanum tauricum Bieb.
[Constituents analysis on volatile oil of Pogostemon cablin from different collection time cultivated in Hainan].
[GC-MS analysis of volatile oil of Herba Pogostemonis collected from Leizhou county].
[GC-MS analysis of volatile oil of herba Pogostemonis collected from Gaoyao county].
[Study on the chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Lysimachia trientaloides Hemsl].
Aroma compound analysis of Piper nigrum and Piper guineense essential oils from Cameroon using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography, solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and olfactometry.
Advantages of soxflo extractions for phytochemical analysis and bioassay screening. 1. Terpenoids.
Phytotoxicity and volatile constituents from leaves of Callicarpa japonica Thunb.
Behavioral response of femaleHelicoverpa (Heliothis)armigera HB. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths to synthetic pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) kairomone.
[Studies on the chemical components and anti-tumour action of the volatile oils from Pelargonium graveoleus].
[The by-products in the selenium dehydrogenation of guaiene (author's transl)].
Constituents of peppers: IV. The hydrocarbons of pepper essential oil.
[Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons from grapes (author's transl)].

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB38157
FooDB:FDB017386
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 204.35627746582
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 7.589 to 7.639
Refractive Index 1.503 to 1.509 @ 20 °C
Optical Rotation -18 to -30
Boiling Point 123 to 124°C @ 9 mm Hg
Boiling Point 128 to 129°C @ 12 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.006 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 110 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 6.333 est
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 0.01923 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Woody
sweet, woody, dry, guaiacwood, spicy, powdery, balsamic
Luebke, William tgsc, (1989) At 100.00 %. sweet woody dry guaiacwood spicy powdery
Flavor Type: Woody
woody, guaiacwood, balsamic, spicy, cascarilla, myrrh, powdery
Luebke, William tgsc, (1989) Woody guaiacwood balsamic spicy cascarilla myrrh powdery

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Odor purposes Amber, Guaiacwood, Moss, Oriental, Patchouli, Spice, Vetiver, Woody
Flavoring purposes Guaiacwood
Cosmetic purposes Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Human Experience:
2 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 371, 1979.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 371, 1979.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for guaiene usage levels up to:
2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.012 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 3.00 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): 3900 (μg/person/day)
Threshold of Concern:1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: I
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): 7.0000035.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): 5.0000025.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): 10.0000050.00000
Processed fruit (04.1): 7.0000035.00000
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): --
Confectionery (05.0): 10.0000050.00000
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): 5.0000025.00000
Bakery wares (07.0): 10.0000050.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): 2.0000010.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): 2.0000010.00000
Eggs and egg products (10.0): --
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): 5.0000025.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): 10.0000050.00000
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 5.0000025.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): 10.0000050.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): 20.00000100.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): 5.0000025.00000

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, (FGE.25)[1] - Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 78 (FGE.78)[1] - Consideration of Aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives,Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25Rev1: Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev2
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 25, Revision 2 (FGE.25Rev2): Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons from chemical group 31
View page or View pdf

Statement on List of Representative Substances for Testing. The current Statement lays down a list of substances in sub-groups with representative substances for which additional data are required prior to their evaluation through the Procedure (Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000).
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 2 (FGE.78Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev3
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):88-84-6
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6949
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
1,4-dimethyl-7-propan-2-ylidene-2,3,4,5,6,8-hexahydro-1H-azulene
Chemidplus:0000088846