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biphenyl

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name biphenyl
Trivial Name Biphenyl
Short Description diphenyl
Formula C12 H10
CAS Number 92-52-4
Deleted CAS Number 56481-93-7
FEMA Number 3129
ECHA Number 202-163-5
FDA UNII 2L9GJK6MGN
Nikkaji Number J3.929B
Beilstein Number 1634058
MDL MFCD00003054
COE Number 10978
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 1332 biphenyl
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 92-52-4 ; BIPHENYL
Synonyms
  • bibenzene
  • bifenyl
  • 1,1'- biphenyl
  • blinin
  • carolid AL
  • diphenyl
  • 1,1'- diphenyl
  • dowtherm
  • fenbufen Imp. C (EP)
  • lemonene
  • phenador-x
  • phenyl benzene
  • phenylbenzene
  • tetrosin LY
  • xenene
  • 1,1'-biphenyl
  • 1,1′-Biphenyl
  • 1,1′-Diphenyl
  • NSC 14916

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Metabolomics Database:Search
UM BBD:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C06588
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB34437
FooDB:FDB012838
Export Tariff Code:2902.90.6000
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•phph •xenene •lemonene •phenador-x •carolid al •bulk molten or flaked, technical grades (99.9% purity). monsanto co •95% and 99% molten or flake grades. sybron chemicals, inc •technical grade of 93-97% purity. high purity is greater than or equal to 99.9% purity.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 154.21170043945
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon
Boiling Point 160 to 161°C @ 50 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.00893 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 5.31
Flash Point TCC Value 100 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 3.98
Solubility
alcohol Yes
benzene Yes
carbon disulfide Yes
carbon tetrachloride Yes
ether Yes
methanol Yes
water, 6.94 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) Yes
water No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Green
pungent, rose, green, geranium
General comment At 0.10 % in propylene glycol. pungent rose green geranium
Flavor Type: Floral
neroli, bergamot, cinnamon, natural
General comment Neroli bergamot cinnamon natural

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Odor purposes Geranium, Green, Rose

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi N - Irritant, Dangerous for the environment.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
R 50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 23 - Do not breath vapour.
S 60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.
S 61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 2140 mg/kg
GASTROINTESTINAL: ALTERATION IN GASTRIC SECRETION BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0546109

oral-rabbit LD50 2400 mg/kg
Nagoya Shiritsu Daigaku Igakkai Zasshi. Journal of the Nagoya City University Medical Association. Vol. 28, Pg. 983, 1977.

oral-mouse LD50 1900 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA"
Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Food Hygiene Journal. Vol. 24, Pg. 268, 1983.

intravenous-mouse LD50 56 mg/kg
U.S. Army Armament Research & Development Command, Chemical Systems Laboratory, NIOSH Exchange Chemicals. Vol. NX#00198

oral-cat LD50 > 2600 mg/kg
"Agrochemicals Handbook," with updates, Hartley, D., and H. Kidd, eds., Nottingham, Royal Soc of Chemistry, 1983-86Vol. A166, Pg. 1983

unreported-rat LD50 4500 mg/kg
Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 53(5), Pg. 6, 1988.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5010 mg/kg
Monsanto Co. Toxicity Information.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 > 200 mg/m3
Monsanto Co. Toxicity Information.

inhalation-human TCLo 4400 ug/m3
GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES PERIPHERAL NERVE AND SENSATION: FLACCID PARALYSIS WITHOUT ANESTHESIA (USUALLY NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKAGE)
Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 26, Pg. 70, 1973.

Safety in use information

Category:
antioxidants and stabilizers
Recommendation for biphenyl usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.00085 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 0.70 (μg/capita/day)
Threshold of Concern:90 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: III
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 4
Click here to view publication 4
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -2.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -2.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -2.00000
fruit ices: -2.00000
gelatins / puddings: -2.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -2.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 78 (FGE.78)[1] - Consideration of Aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives,Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 1 (FGE.78Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev2
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 78, Revision 2 (FGE.78Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to aliphatic hydrocarbons evaluated by EFSA in FGE.25Rev3
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
EPA-Iris:IRIS
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
NIOSH Pocket Guide:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):92-52-4
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7095
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 3077
WGK Germany:2
1,1'-biphenyl
Chemidplus:0000092524
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:92-52-4