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General Material Information

Preferred name (Z)-3-hexenal
Trivial Name (Z)-3-Hexenal
Short Description cis-3-hexenal
Formula C6 H10 O
CAS Number 6789-80-6
FEMA Number 2561
Flavis Number 5.075
ECHA Number 229-854-4
FDA UNII 6V54TKA96C
Nikkaji Number J59.820H
Beilstein Number 1720171
MDL MFCD00065446
COE Number 2008
xLogP3-AA 1.10 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 316 cis-3-hexenal
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 6789-80-6 ; CIS-3-HEXENAL
Synonyms
  • (Z)- hex-3-en-1-al
  • (3Z)- hex-3-enal
  • (Z)- hex-3-enal
  • hex-3(cis)-enal
  • (Z)-3-hexen-1-al
  • cis-3-hexen-1-al
  • cis-3-hexen-1-al (50% in triacetin)
  • cis-3-hexen-1-al (neat)
  • (Z)-3-hexenal
  • 3-(Z)- hexenal
  • cis-3-hexenal
  • cis-3-hexenal (50% in triacetin)
  • cis-3-hexenal pure
  • 3-hexenal, (3Z)-
  • 3-hexenal, (Z)-
  • 3-hexenal, cis-
  • (Z)-beta,gamma- hexylenic aldehyde
  • (Z)-hex-3-enal
  • 3-Hexenal, (3Z)-
  • 3-Hexenal, (Z)-
  • 3-Hexenal, cis-
  • (3Z)-3-Hexenal
  • cis-3-Hexenal
  • 3-(Z)-Hexenal

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

(Z)-hex-3-enal
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:6789-80-6
Pubchem (cid):643941
Pubchem (sid):134987975
Flavornet:6789-80-6
Pherobase:View
Publications by Info
cis-3-HEXENAL, trans-2-HEXENAL and 'GREEN GRASS' SMELL
Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
Publications by US Patents
Derivatives of cis-3-hexenol and process for producing compositions of matter containing cis-3-hexenal and products produced thereby and organoleptic uses thereof
Uses of hexenol derivatives in augementing or enhancing the aroma or taste of smoking tobacco compositions and smoking tobacco articles
Compositions of matter containing cis-3-hexenal
Publications by PubMed
Key volatile aroma compounds of three black velvet tamarind (Dialium) fruit species.
Characterization of the most aroma-active compounds in cherry tomato by application of the aroma extract dilution analysis.
Comparative analysis of aroma compounds and sensorial features of strawberry and lemon guavas (Psidium cattleianum Sabine).
The 9-lipoxygenase Osr9-LOX1 interacts with the 13-lipoxygenase-mediated pathway to regulate resistance to chewing and piercing-sucking herbivores in rice.
Model studies on the key aroma compounds formed by an oxidative degradation of ω-3 fatty acids initiated by either copper(II) ions or lipoxygenase.
Analyzing blends of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds with factor analysis: revisiting "cotton plant, Gossypium hirsutum L., defense in response to nitrogen fertilization".
Influence of phenols mass fraction in olive (Olea europaea L.) paste on volatile compounds in Buža cultivar virgin olive oil.
Production of phenolics and the emission of volatile organic compounds by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)/Neotyphodium lolii association as a response to infection by Fusarium poae.
Odour-active compounds in guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. Red Suprema).
Plasma membrane potential depolarization and cytosolic calcium flux are early events involved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) plant-to-plant communication.
Kinetic study of the daytime atmospheric fate of (Z)-3-hexenal.
Volatile generation in bell peppers during frozen storage and thawing using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).
Differential metabolisms of green leaf volatiles in injured and intact parts of a wounded leaf meet distinct ecophysiological requirements.
Quality evaluation of olive oil by statistical analysis of multicomponent stable isotope dilution assay data of aroma active compounds.
Gastrophysa polygoni herbivory on Rumex confertus: single leaf VOC induction and dose dependent herbivore attraction/repellence to individual compounds.
Volatile composition of four southern highbush blueberry cultivars and effect of growing location and harvest date.
Effect of enzymes on strawberry volatiles during storage, at different ripeness level, in different cultivars, and during eating.
Effect of enzyme activity and frozen storage on jalapeño pepper volatiles by selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry.
Fusarium infection in maize: volatile induction of infected and neighboring uninfected plants has the potential to attract a pest cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus.
Specific regulation of pyrethrin biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium by a blend of volatiles emitted from artificially damaged conspecific plants.
Cereal crop volatile organic compound induction after mechanical injury, beetle herbivory (Oulema spp.), or fungal infection (Fusarium spp.).
Effects of n-hexanal on dopamine release in the striatum of living rats.
Microdistillation and analysis of volatiles from eight ornamental Salvia taxa.
Relation between developmental stage, sensory properties, and volatile content of organically and conventionally grown pac choi (Brassica rapa var. Mei Qing Choi).
Comparison of volatile release in tomatillo and different varieties of tomato during chewing.
Comparison of tomatillo and tomato volatile compounds in the headspace by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS).
The tea weevil, Myllocerinus aurolineatus, is attracted to volatiles induced by conspecifics.
Characteristic aroma-active compounds of Korean perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton) leaf.
Characterization of the key aroma compounds in pink guava (Psidium guajava L.) by means of aroma re-engineering experiments and omission tests.
In situ investigation of leaf water status by portable unilateral nuclear magnetic resonance.
Direct fungicidal activities of C6-aldehydes are important constituents for defense responses in Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea.
Characterization of the aroma-active compounds in pink guava (Psidium guajava, L.) by application of the aroma extract dilution analysis.
Characterization of odor-active compounds in extracts obtained by simultaneous extraction/distillation from moroccan black olives.
A novel lipoxygenase gene from developing rice seeds confers dual position specificity and responds to wounding and insect attack.
Cut-induced VOC emissions from agricultural grasslands.
Genetic diversity of volatile components in Xinjiang Wild Apple (Malus sieversii).
The atmospheric photolysis of E-2-hexenal, Z-3-hexenal and E,E-2,4-hexadienal.
ETR1-, JAR1- and PAD2-dependent signaling pathways are involved in C6-aldehyde-induced defense responses of Arabidopsis.
Role of the lipoxygenase/lyase pathway of host-food plants in the host searching behavior of two parasitoid species, Cotesia glomerata and Cotesia plutellae.
Potent odorants characterize the aroma quality of leaves and stalks in raw and boiled celery.
Comparison of volatile constituents of Persicaria odorata(Lour.) Soják (Polygonum odoratum Lour.) and Persicaria hydropiper L. Spach (Polygonum hydropiper L.).
Characterization of (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal as a character impact aroma compound of oat flakes.
Volatile C6-aldehydes and Allo-ocimene activate defense genes and induce resistance against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Rapid determination of C6-aldehydes in tomato plant emission by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization.
Screening for key odorants in Moroccan green olives by gas chromatography-olfactometry/aroma extract dilution analysis.
Some unusual minor volatile components of tomato.
Stimulation of the lipoxygenase pathway is associated with systemic resistance induced in bean by a nonpathogenic Pseudomonas strain.
Volatile constituents and key odorants in leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits of Laurus nobilis L.
Airborne signals prime plants against insect herbivore attack.
Flux of organic compounds from grass measured by relaxed eddy accumulation technique.
Volatile constituents of uncooked rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) stalks.
Odor-active compounds of Iberian hams with different aroma characteristics.
Character impact odorants of the apple cultivars Elstar and Cox Orange.
Application of the porapak q column extraction method for tomato flavor volatile analysis.
Characterization of the most odor-active compounds of Iberian ham headspace.
The homolytic and heterolytic fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase-like activities of hematin.
On-line analysis of reactive VOCs from urban lawn mowing.
Evaluation of aroma differences between hand-squeezed juices from Valencia late and Navel oranges by quantitation of key odorants and flavor reconstitution experiments.
Potato tubers exhibit both homolytic and heterolytic hydroperoxide fatty acid-cleaving activities.
Comparison of the most odor-active compounds in fresh and dried hop cones (Humulus lupulus L. variety spalter select) based on GC-olfactometry and odor dilution techniques.
Characterization of the most odor-active volatiles in fresh, hand-squeezed juice of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macfayden).
Aroma chemicals isolated and identified from leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill. Var. Natalensis Berger.
Overexpression of a cytoplasm-localized allene oxide synthase promotes the wound-induced accumulation of jasmonic acid in transgenic tobacco.
Molecular cloning and expression of Arabidopsis fatty acid hydroperoxide lyase.
Characterization of aroma volatiles in tomatoes by sensory analyses.
Photosynthetic photon flux, photoperiod, and temperature effects on emissions of (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate from lettuce.
A system and methodology for measuring volatile organic compounds produced by hydroponic lettuce in a controlled environment.
Diurnal cycle of emission of induced volatile terpenoids by herbivore-injured cotton plant.
Isolation and identification of allelochemicals that attract the larval parasitoid,Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson), to the microhabitat of one of its hosts.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
KEGG (GenomeNet):C16310
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB40264
FooDB:FDB008085
Export Tariff Code:3302.90.0050
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 98.144897460938
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 8.121 to 8.205
Refractive Index 1.427 to 1.435 @ 20 °C
Vapor Pressure 11.202 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 43.89 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 1.432 est
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, slightly Yes
water, 5261 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Green
green, fatty, grassy, weedy, fruity, apple
Odor strength high , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less
Substantivity 240 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Luebke, William tgsc, (1990) At 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. green fatty grassy weedy fruity apple
Flavor Type: Green
sharp, green, grassy, apple cooked apple, apple skin
Luebke, William tgsc, (1990) Sharp green grassy cooked apple apple skin
Excellent topnote for a variety of flavors especially seedy notes for raspberry, fresh notes to apple, other fruits, and berries, and adds fresh green notes to tomato and other vegetables. Sharp, green, grassy
General comment Apple

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Odor purposes Apple, Banana, Berry, Blackberry, Currant red currant, Grape, Green, Hyacinth, Lilac, Plum, Tea green tea, Tomato leaf
Flavoring purposes Leek, Pea green pea
Other purposes Grass, Leaf, Strawberry leaf, Trassi
Cosmetic purposes Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 10 - Flammable.
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M/F] 1560 mg/kg
(Palanker & Lewis, 1979)

oral-rat LD50 1560 mg/kg
Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 709, 1982.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 3700 mg/kg
Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 709, 1982.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for (Z)-3-hexenal usage levels up to:
0.5000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 4.10 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: --
beverages(nonalcoholic): -0.20000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -5.00000
fruit ices: -5.00000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -5.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 6 (FGE.06): Straight-and branched-chain aliphatic unsatured primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and esters from chemical groups 1 and 4
View page or View pdf

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 5: Esters of 23 branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and of one secondary alcohol, and 24 branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids from chemical groups 1, 2, and 5
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 6, Revision 1 (FGE.06Rev1) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 3, Revision 1 (FGE.03Rev1): Acetals of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and branched- and straight-chain saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, an ester of a hemiacetal and an orthoester of formic acid, from chemical groups 1, 2 & 4 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)on a request from the Commission
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 1 (FGE.05Rev1):Esters of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and of one secondary alcohol, and branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids from chemical groups 1, 2, and 5 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 5, Revision 2 (FGE.05Rev2): Branched- and straight-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids and esters of these with aliphatic saturated alcohols from chemical groups 1, 2, 3 and 5
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of non-conjugated and accumulated unsaturated straight-chain and branched-chain, aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, acids, acetals and esters belonging to chemical group 4 when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):6789-80-6
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :643941
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 1207
WGK Germany:1
(Z)-hex-3-enal
Chemidplus:0006789806
RTECS:MP5940000 for cas# 6789-80-6