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carvenone
Carvenone is a natural compound with a minty odor, commonly found in essential oils like eucalyptus and grapefruit, used primarily for its spearmint scent in flavor and fragrance contexts.
General Material Description
Carvenone is a monoterpenoid ketone with the molecular formula C10H16O, recognized for its characteristic minty odor reminiscent of spearmint. It occurs naturally in various essential oils derived from plants such as eucalyptus globulus fruit, grapefruit, and artemisia judaica. Its synonyms include 3-isopropyl-6-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one and p-menth-3-en-2-one, among others. Classified chemically as a cyclohexenone derivative, carvenone is referenced in controlled-vocabulary chemical databases like PubChem. This compound is typically extracted from plant sources and is involved in natural substance and extractive preparations for industrial and scientific applications.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Carvenone is widely found in natural extracts from plants including eucalyptus globulus fruit, grapefruit, and artemisia judaica, as well as in various essential oils like cascarilla bark oil and cistus twig/leaf oil. It contributes notably to the aroma profiles of these botanicals, particularly imparting a spearmint-like minty scent. The compound’s presence in these sources links it to applications in flavor and fragrance industries. Although often used for its olfactory qualities, carvenone’s practical applications are guided by recommendations under standards such as FEMA (US), which outlines its use limitations in flavor and fragrance formulations.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Carvenone is a cyclohexenone with a molecular weight of approximately 152.24 g/mol and exhibits a faintly minty aroma. The compound has a boiling point range near 232 to 236 °C at atmospheric pressure, indicating moderate volatility important for fragrance release characteristics. Its specific gravity at 20 °C is around 0.927, suggesting moderate density relative to water. Carvenone has an estimated logP value near 2.0, reflecting moderate lipophilicity relevant to its solubility and permeation behavior. Solubility data indicate it dissolves in alcohols and at low concentrations in water, affecting formulation and extraction protocols. The flash point is approximately 92 °C (196 °F), which informs safety considerations during handling. Vapor pressure values at 15 °C are low, consistent with controlled volatilization in product applications.
FAQ
What is carvenone and what are its main characteristics?
Carvenone is a natural organic compound classified as a cyclohexenone with the formula C10H16O. It is recognized for its minty odor, similar to spearmint, and occurs naturally in essential oils from a variety of plants such as eucalyptus globulus and grapefruit. Chemically known also as 3-isopropyl-6-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, carvenone is found as a trace to moderate constituent in these natural sources. It is typically used in flavor and fragrance industries to contribute fresh, minty notes in formulations.
Where is carvenone commonly found and how is it used?
Carvenone naturally occurs in several plant-derived essential oils including those from eucalyptus globulus fruit, grapefruit, artemisia judaica, and cascarilla bark oil among others. It plays an important role in the sensory profile by imparting a mint-like aroma often described as spearmint. The compound is utilized primarily for its olfactory properties in flavor and fragrance applications. Usage levels and applications are influenced by regulatory standards such as FEMA (US), which provide guidelines to ensure appropriate and safe inclusion in consumer products.
What regulations and sourcing considerations apply to carvenone?
Carvenone is recognized under regulatory frameworks including FEMA (US) which categorizes it as a natural substance and extractive, suggesting controlled and limited uses in flavors and fragrances. Its safety profile does not list significant hazards according to OSHA criteria, but usage recommendations advise against fragrance and flavor use at unregulated levels. The compound is sourced mainly through extraction from natural plant materials that contain trace to moderate amounts of carvenone. These sourcing methods emphasize its classification as a natural ingredient, subject to quality and compositional assessment according to industrial standards.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
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Literature & References
| 6-methyl-3-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Pubchem (cid): | 10363 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 134977963 |
| Pherobase: | View |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| Typical G.C. | |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | carvenone |
| Trivial Name | Carvenone |
| Short Description | 3-isopropyl-6-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one |
| Formula | C10 H16 O |
| CAS Number | 499-74-1 |
| ECHA Number | 207-888-0 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| Nikkaji Number | J6.179D |
| xLogP3-AA | 2.10 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
| BOC Sciences |
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 152.23672485352 |
| Specific gravity | @ 20 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | |
| Boiling Point | 232 to 233°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 235.5 to 236°C @ 758 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.203 mmHg @ 15 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 90.9 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 2.004 est |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 2180mg/L @ 15 °C (exp) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Minty | |
| spearmint | |
| General comment | At 100.00 %. spearmint |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Spearmint |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| natural substances and extractives | |||
| Recommendation for carvenone usage levels up to: | |||
| not for fragrance use. | |||
| Recommendation for carvenone flavor usage levels up to: | |||
| not for flavor use. | |||
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :10363 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| 6-methyl-3-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one |
| Chemidplus:0000499741 |