We have found 46587 results matching your criteria.
Please wait while we search...
  1. 1.
    General Material Information
  2. 2.
    PhysChem Properties
  3. 3.
    Occurrences
  4. 4.
    Organoleptic Properties
  5. 5.
    Suppliers
  6. 6.
    Potential Uses
  7. 7.
    Regulatory & Documentation
  8. 8.
    Safety Information
  9. 9.
    Other Information
  10. 10.
    Blenders & Components
  11. 11.
    Literature & References

diacetyl

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name diacetyl
Trivial Name Butanedione
Short Description 2,3-butanedione
Formula C4 H6 O2
CAS Number 431-03-8
FEMA Number 2370
Flavis Number 7.052
ECHA Number 207-069-8
FDA UNII K324J5K4HM
Nikkaji Number J2.586K
Beilstein Number 0605398
MDL MFCD00008756
COE Number 752
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 408 diacetyl
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 431-03-8 ; DIACETYL
Synonyms
  • biacetyl
  • 2,3-butadione
  • butan-2,3-dione
  • 2,3-butandione
  • 2,3-butane dione
  • butane-2,3-dione
  • 2,3-butanedione
  • diacethyl naturel
  • nat. diacetyl
  • diacetyl (2, 3 butanedione)
  • diacetyl (natural)
  • diacetyl 99/100% FCC
  • diacetyl FCC
  • diacetyl natural
  • 2,3-diketobutane
  • dimethyl diketone
  • dimethyl glyoxal
  • 2,3-dioxobutane
  • 2,3-Butanedione
  • 2,3-Diketobutane
  • Dimethylglyoxal
  • Butanedione
  • 2,3-Butadione
  • 2,3-Dioxobutane
  • NSC 8750
  • MeSH ID: D003931

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

Google Scholar Start search
Google Books Start search
Google Patents Start search
Perfumer & Flavorists Start search
EU Patents Start search
PubMeb Start search
NCBI Start search

Literature & References

butane-2,3-dione
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:431-03-8
Pubchem (cid):650
Pubchem (sid):134974156
Flavornet:431-03-8
Pherobase:View
Publications by Info
Diacetyl

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00741
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB03407
FooDB:FDB011930
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00367
Export Tariff Code:2914.19.0000
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•grades: technical; flavor grade; fcc

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex Yes
Molecular weight 86.090217590332
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 8.146 to 8.196
Refractive Index 1.393 to 1.397 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point 87 to 88°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 56.8 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 2.9
Flash Point TCC Value 7.22 °C TCC
logP (o/w) -1.34
Solubility
alcohol Yes
fixed oils Yes
glycerin Yes
propylene glycol Yes
water, 200000 mg/L @ 15 °C (exp) Yes
paraffin oil No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Buttery
buttery, sweet, creamy, pungent, caramellic
Odor strength high , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less
Substantivity 44 hour(s) at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol
General comment At 1.00 % in propylene glycol. strong butter sweet creamy pungent caramel
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 6, 43, (1991) Sweet, creamy, buttery, pungent, with a pungent caramellic nuance
Flavor Type: Buttery
sweet, buttery, creamy, milky
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 16, No. 6, 43, (1991) At 50.00 ppm. Sweet, buttery, creamy, milky
General comment Strong, butter in dilution

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 11 - Highly flammable.
R 20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
R 38 - Irritating to skin.
R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 39 - Wear eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Human Experience:
2 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
gavage-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] M:3400, F:3000 mg/kg
(Colley et al., 1969)

gavage-rat LD50 1580 mg/kg
(Jenner et al., 1964)

gavage-guinea pig LD50 990 mg/kg
(Jenner et al., 1964)

oral-guinea pig LD50 990 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: COMA BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 400 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD VASCULAR: REGIONAL OR GENERAL ARTERIOLAR OR VENOUS DILATION
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 7, Pg. 571, 1969.

oral-rat LD50 1580 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 327, 1964.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 765, 1979.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for diacetyl usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 2200.00 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class: II
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -44.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -2.50000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: -35.00000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: -11.00000
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -5.90000
fruit ices: -5.90000
gelatins / puddings: -19.00000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -21.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 11 (FGE.11): Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical group 10 (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 11, Revision 1 (FGE.11Rev1) - Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical group 10 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 11, Revision 2 (FGE.11Rev2): Aliphatic dialcohols, diketones, and hydroxyketones from chemical groups 8 and 10
View page or View pdf

Evaluation of a scientific publication associating diacetyl with enhancement of ß-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of secondary aliphatic saturated or unsaturated alcohols, ketones, ketals and esters with a second secondary or tertiary oxygenated functional group belonging to chemical group 10 when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):431-03-8
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :650
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 2346
WGK Germany:2
butane-2,3-dione
Chemidplus:0000431038
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:431-03-8