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(Z)-musk pentane
(Z)-musk pentane is a macrocyclic ketone musk primarily used in perfumery to impart musky, creamy, and powdery odor notes.
General Material Description
(Z)-musk pentane, also known by its trivial name Exaltenone, is a macrocyclic ketone musk characterized by the molecular formula C15H26O. This compound appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid and exhibits a distinctive musk odor noted for creamy, powdery, and slightly animalic nuances. It is employed extensively in fragrance formulations for its rich, lasting musky scent which is reminiscent of natural musk Tonkin. The material is referenced under various synonyms including (4Z)-cyclopentadec-4-en-1-one and musk Z4. It is synthetically produced and widely used as a perfuming agent, retrieved through controlled chemical synthesis rather than direct natural extraction. For further authoritative data, see the PubChem entry.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
(Z)-musk pentane occurs as part of a group of macrocyclic musk compounds popular in fragrance chemistry due to their musky-scented profiles that mimic natural musk without animal sources. Its applications primarily involve use as a fragrance agent in fine perfumes, personal care products, and household items. It blends effectively with floral, fruity, and gourmand accords, enhancing complexity and longevity. According to IFRA (Global) standards, usage levels up to 0.1% in fragrance concentrates are recommended. The compound adds a creamy musky effect especially noticeable at low concentrations and exhibits excellent substantivity on hair, skin, and fabric. Beyond perfumery, it has minor roles in flavorings with limited approved scope and is used to replace natural musk in various aromatic blends.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
(Z)-musk pentane displays physicochemical characteristics typical of macrocyclic musk molecules that influence its formulation properties. The compound boils at approximately 337 to 338°C at atmospheric pressure, indicating substantial thermal stability. It has a relatively high estimated log P value around 5.2–5.35, reflecting its lipophilic nature and low water solubility—about 0.24 mg/L at 25°C. Its vapor pressure is extremely low (~9.6 × 10⁻⁵ mmHg at 25°C), supporting its slow evaporation and long-lasting scent. The flash point is reported at 219°F (104°C), necessitating cautious handling under elevated temperatures. It is soluble in alcohol solvents, facilitating incorporation in perfumery vehicles. Recommended storage is in cool, dry environments protected from light and heat to preserve quality for at least two years. Stability data confirm compatibility with various product matrices, including cosmetics and detergents, at trace concentrations without degradation.
FAQ
What is (Z)-musk pentane and how is it used?
(Z)-musk pentane is a synthetic macrocyclic ketone musk compound utilized extensively as a fragrance ingredient. It imparts a medium-strength musky aroma with creamy and powdery facets, resembling natural musk scents. Primarily, it is incorporated into fine fragrances and personal care products to provide depth and longevity. Known under numerous synonyms such as Exaltenone and musk Z4, it functions as a substitute for animal musk in perfume formulations.
How is (Z)-musk pentane characterized chemically and where does it occur naturally?
This compound is identified chemically as (4Z)-cyclopentadec-4-en-1-one with the formula C15H26O. It is a macrocyclic ketone that does not occur naturally but is synthetically produced due to the scarcity and ethical concerns associated with natural musk. Its lipophilic nature and thermal stability make it suitable for long-lasting applications in fragrances. It is used worldwide in fragrance blends and has specific regulatory recommendations for concentration to ensure safe usage.
What are the regulatory and safety considerations for using (Z)-musk pentane?
(Z)-musk pentane is assessed under IFRA (Global) guidelines, permitting its use up to 0.1% in fragrance concentrates. It is not approved for use as a flavoring agent. Safety evaluations have not identified significant hazards; it is generally regarded as safe when used in recommended concentrations. Storage guidelines emphasize keeping the compound in tightly sealed containers protected from heat and light to maintain stability. Regulatory databases such as EPA's TSCA and RIFM provide detailed safety references, supporting its controlled use in the fragrance industry.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
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| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| ChemSpider: | View |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | (Z)-musk pentane |
| Trivial Name | Exaltenone |
| Short Description | exaltenone (Firmenich) |
| Formula | C15 H26 O |
| CAS Number | 14595-54-1 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| Nikkaji Number | J421.921J |
| xLogP3-AA | 5.20 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 222.37141418457 |
| Boiling Point | 337 to 338°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Acid Value | 1 max KOH/g |
| Vapor Pressure | 9.6E-5 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 103.89 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 5.35 |
| Shelf life | 24 months (or longer if stored properly.) |
| Storage notes | Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 0.2435 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| Stability | |
| APC: - | Unspecified |
| candle: - | Unspecified |
| detergent: traces - 0.1% | Unspecified |
| fine fragrances: traces - 0.1% | Unspecified |
| shampoo: traces - 0.1% | Unspecified |
| shower gel: traces - 0.1% | Unspecified |
| soap: traces - 0.1% | Unspecified |
| softener: traces - 0.1% | Unspecified |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Musk | |
| musk, animal, natural, gourmand, fruity, powdery | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | 376 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1988) | At 100.00 %. musk animal natural fruity powdery |
| EXALTENONE adds a creamy, musky effect. Especially interesting effects can be achieved at low levels with floral, fruity and gourmand compositions. | A nice musky-animal note which resembles natural musk Tonkin. It has excellent performance in hair, skin and cloth |
| General comment | Sensual macrocyclic musk, soft, powdery |
Potential Uses
Safety Information
Safety information
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| None - None found. | |
| S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for (Z)-musk pentane usage levels up to: | |||
| 0.1000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Recommendation for (Z)-musk pentane flavor usage levels up to: | |||
| not for flavor use. | |||
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):14595-54-1 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6365389 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| (4Z)-cyclopentadec-4-en-1-one |
| Chemidplus:0014595541 |