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musk lactone
Musk lactone is a macrocyclic musk compound with creamy, powdery aroma used as a fragrance ingredient for musk and amber notes.
General Material Description
Musk lactone, also known by its IUPAC name 1,7-dioxacycloheptadecan-8-one, is a macrocyclic lactone compound characterized by the molecular formula C15H28O3. It appears as a medium-strength odorant with a creamy, powdery musk scent often described as clean and elegant. This compound is widely used in perfumery and fragrance formulations due to its distinctive musk and amber notes. Synonyms include 2,8-dioxacycloheptadecan-1-one and various trade names such as musk R1 (Givaudan). It is structurally documented in resources like PubChem and is derived through synthetic macrocyclic lactone synthesis strategies, offering consistency and purity for industrial applications. Its sourcing is primarily through chemical synthesis rather than natural extraction, supporting controlled and sustainable fragrance development.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Although musk lactone does not occur naturally in significant amounts, its macrocyclic lactone structure mimics pleasant natural musk characteristics. It is predominantly applied as a fragrance agent, contributing musky, amber, balsamic, and floral qualities to perfumes and scented products. This compound is valued for its ability to intensify and enrich fragrance compositions, often complementing other musks and woods. Musk lactone’s usage and safety are governed by frameworks such as IFRA (Global), which recommends a maximum concentration of 10% in fragrance concentrates. Its musky odor profile makes it suitable as a replacement for traditional animal musks and ambrette oil, supporting ethical and regulatory compliance in fragrance manufacturing.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Musk lactone exhibits moderate lipophilicity with an estimated logP around 3.5, affecting its solubility and volatility profiles. It is soluble in alcohols and has limited solubility in water, approximately 1.4 mg/L at 25 °C, which influences its formulation in hydroalcoholic bases. The compound’s flash point is about 212 °F (100 °C), indicating relative safety with respect to flammability under standard conditions. These properties facilitate its use in various fragrance delivery systems, including diffusion and perfume concentrates, ensuring sustained substantivity, with reported odor retention of up to 400 hours at 20% concentration. The molecular structure incorporates a 17-membered ring lactone, contributing to its characteristic creamy and musky sensory profile.
FAQ
What is musk lactone and what are its odor characteristics?
Musk lactone is a synthetic macrocyclic musk compound used in perfumery. It features a creamy, powdery musk scent with notes described as sweet, oily, amber, and animalic. The odor is typically medium in strength and offers clean and elegant musky nuances that are appreciated in fragrance blends. It is known under various synonyms including 1,7-dioxacycloheptadecan-8-one and trade names such as musk R1 (Givaudan).
How is musk lactone used and where does it occur naturally?
Musk lactone primarily serves as a fragrance agent in perfumes and scented products. It is employed to impart musky, amber, balsam, woody, and oriental notes, often enhancing other musks or replacing natural animal musks. It supports diffusion and acts as an intensifier in complex fragrance formulations. Musk lactone does not occur naturally in significant amounts and is obtained through chemical synthesis methods designed for consistent quality and supply.
What are the safety regulations and recommended usage levels for musk lactone?
Musk lactone is regulated under IFRA (Global) standards, which recommend a maximum usage level of 10% in fragrance concentrates. Toxicity studies indicate low hazard, with oral and dermal LD50 values exceeding 5000 mg/kg in animal models. No specific hazards or precautionary statements are mandated under OSHA or European regulation. Products containing musk lactone should respect safety guidelines to avoid skin and eye contact. It is not intended for use as a flavoring substance.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
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| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| ChemSpider: | View |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | musk lactone |
| Trivial Name | 1,7-Dioxacycloheptadecan-8-one |
| Short Description | musk R1 (Givaudan) |
| Formula | C15 H28 O3 |
| CAS Number | 3391-83-1 |
| ECHA Number | 222-225-5 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| Nikkaji Number | J52.363A |
| xLogP3-AA | 4.00 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 256.38577270508 |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 100 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 3.531 est |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 1.433 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Musk | |
| sweet, oily, incense, musk, amber, animal | |
| Odor strength | medium , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less |
| Substantivity | 400 hour(s) at 20.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1987) | At 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. sweet oily incense musk amber animal |
| Musk R1 is a sensual, sophisticated, creamy, powdery macrocyclic musk. It gives an exalting effect when used in combination with other macrocyclic musks. | Musk R1 is a sensual, sophisticated, creamy, powdery macrocyclic musk |
| General comment | Clean and sensual, creamy, elegant musky |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Amber , Ambrette oil replacer , Animal , Balsam , Fern , Incense , Lavender , Moss , Musk , Oriental , Patchouli , Spice , Woody |
| Other purposes | Diffusion , Intensifier |
| Cosmetic purposes | Perfuming agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| None - None found. | |
| S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 787, 1982. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-guinea pig LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 787, 1982. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for musk lactone usage levels up to: | |||
| 10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Recommendation for musk lactone flavor usage levels up to: | |||
| not for flavor use. | |||
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):3391-83-1 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :18826 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| 1,7-dioxacycloheptadecan-8-one |
| Chemidplus:0003391831 |