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General Material Information

Preferred name diallyl trisulfide
Trivial Name Diallyl trisulfide
Short Description trisulfide, di-2-propenyl
Formula C6 H10 S3
CAS Number 2050-87-5
FEMA Number 3265
Flavis Number 12.009
ECHA Number 218-107-8
FDA UNII 0ZO1U5A3XX
Nikkaji Number J86.684I
Beilstein Number 1745734
MDL MFCD00040025
COE Number 486
xLogP3-AA 2.60 (est)
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 587 diallyl trisulfide
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 2050-87-5 ; DIALLYL TRISULFIDE
Synonyms
  • allitridin
  • allitridum
  • allyl trisulfide
  • dasuansu
  • di-2-propenyl trisulfide
  • diallyl trisulphide
  • diallyltrisulfane
  • diallyltrisulfide
  • diprop-2-en-1-yltrisulfane
  • prop-2-enyl prop-2-enylthio disulfide
  • 3-prop-2-enylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene
  • trisulfane, 1,3-di-2-propen-1-yl-
  • trisulfide, di-2-propenyl
  • trisulfide, diallyl
  • 3-prop-2-enylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene
  • Trisulfide, di-2-propen-1-yl
  • Di-2-propen-1-yl trisulfide
  • Di(2-propenyl) trisulfide
  • NSC 651936
  • Allitride
  • DATS

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Literature & References

3-prop-2-enylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:2050-87-5
Pubchem (cid):16315
Pubchem (sid):134983008
Publications by PubMed
Inhibitory effects of thioethers on fatty acid synthase and 3T3-L1 cells.
Anticancer effects of diallyl trisulfide derived from garlic.
Diallyl trisulfide suppresses the proliferation and induces apoptosis of human colon cancer cells through oxidative modification of beta-tubulin.
Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of garlic oil obtained by hydrodistillation.
Comparative study of extraction techniques for determination of garlic flavor components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Modulation of cytochrome P4501-mediated bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene by volatile allyl sulfides in human hepatoma cells.
Postharvest control of gray mold in table grapes using volatile sulfur compounds from Allium sativum.
Keap1 cysteine 288 as a potential target for diallyl trisulfide-induced Nrf2 activation.
A role for diallyl trisulfide in mitochondrial antioxidative stress contributes to its protective effects against vascular endothelial impairment.
Diallyl trisulfide-induced apoptosis of bladder cancer cells is caspase-dependent and regulated by PI3K/Akt and JNK pathways.
Inhibitory effects and molecular mechanisms of garlic organosulfur compounds on the production of inflammatory mediators.
Organosulfur garlic compounds induce neovasculogenesis in human endothelial progenitor cells through a modulation of MicroRNA 221 and the PI3-K/Akt signaling pathways.
Molecular mechanisms for the anti-cancer effects of diallyl disulfide.
Garlic as an anti-diabetic agent: recent progress and patent reviews.
Molecular mechanisms of garlic-derived allyl sulfides in the inhibition of skin cancer progression.
Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through ROS-mediated activation of JNK and AP-1.
Allicin induces p53-mediated autophagy in Hep G2 human liver cancer cells.
Diallyl trisulfide as an inhibitor of benzo(a)pyrene-induced precancerous carcinogenesis in MCF-10A cells.
Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis of human basal cell carcinoma cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress and the mitochondrial pathway.
Effects of onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) essential oils on the Aspergillus versicolor growth and sterigmatocystin production.
Studies on purification of allicin by molecular distillation.
Effect of garlic sulfur compounds on neutrophil infiltration and damage to the intestinal mucosa by endotoxin in rats.
Diallyl trisulfide suppresses the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through ERK activation.
Investigating antibacterial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on Campylobacter jejuni by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron microscopy.
Potential beneficial effects of garlic in oncohematology.
Effect of diallyl trisulfide on the pharmacokinetics of nifedipine in rats.
Consumption of S-allylcysteine inhibits the growth of human non-small-cell lung carcinoma in a mouse xenograft model.
Allyl sulfides inhibit cell growth of skin cancer cells through induction of DNA damage mediated G2/M arrest and apoptosis.
Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide protect endothelial nitric oxide synthase against damage by oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
The antidiabetic effect of onion and garlic in experimental diabetic rats: meta-analysis.
Antimicrobial activity of elephant garlic oil against Vibrio cholerae in vitro and in a food model.
Diallyl sulfide content and antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria of chives (Allium schoenoprasum).
Role of reactive oxygen intermediates in cellular responses to dietary cancer chemopreventive agents.
Inhibition of acrylamide toxicity in mice by three dietary constituents.
Identification of characteristic aroma components of Thai fried chili paste.
Bioactive food components and cancer risk reduction.
Synergistic antiyeast activity of garlic oil and allyl alcohol derived from alliin in garlic.
Diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide up-regulate the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase via an AP-1-dependent pathway.
Effect of diallyl trisulfide-rich garlic oil on blood coagulation and plasma activity of anticoagulation factors in rats.
Structure-activity relationship of neuroprotective and reactive oxygen species scavenging activities for allium organosulfur compounds.
Antithrombotic and anticancer effects of garlic-derived sulfur compounds: a review.
Garlic allyl sulfides display differential modulation of rat cytochrome P450 2B1 and the placental form glutathione S-transferase in various organs.
DATS reduces LPS-induced iNOS expression, NO production, oxidative stress, and NF-kappaB activation in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
The effects of allitridin on the expression of transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in mice infected by murine cytomegalovirus.
Fumigant activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and clove bud (Eugenia caryophyllata) oils against the Japanese termite (Reticulitermes speratus Kolbe).
Allicin and allicin-derived garlic compounds increase breath acetone through allyl methyl sulfide: use in measuring allicin bioavailability.
Effects of dietary chemopreventive phytochemicals on P-glycoprotein function.
Differential effects of allyl sulfides from garlic essential oil on cell cycle regulation in human liver tumor cells.
The effects of allyl sulfides on the induction of phase II detoxification enzymes and liver injury by carbon tetrachloride.
Inhibitory activity of essential oils of garlic and onion against bacteria and yeasts.
Protective effect of three diallyl sulphides against glucose-induced erythrocyte and platelet oxidation, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
Differential effects of garlic oil and its three major organosulfur components on the hepatic detoxification system in rats.
Modulation of cytochrome P4501-mediated bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene by volatile allyl sulfides in human hepatoma cells.
Effects of organosulfur compounds from garlic oil on the antioxidation system in rat liver and red blood cells.
Thermal Degradation of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Aqueous Solution.
Bioactivities of methyl allyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide from essential oil of garlic to two species of stored-product pests, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB31154
FooDB:FDB003586
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
FAO:Diallyl trisulfide

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 178.34069824219
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 9.444 to 9.736
Refractive Index 1.6 to 1.62 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point 112 to 120°C @ 16 mm Hg
Boiling Point 95 to 97°C @ 5 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.105 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 6.1
Flash Point TCC Value 62.78 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 3.367 est
Solubility
ether Yes
water, 50.65 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
alcohol No
water No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Sulfurous
garlic, onion green onion, metallic
General comment At 0.10 % in propylene glycol. garlic green onion metallic
Flavor Type: Sulfurous
sulfurous, onion green onion, garlic, metallic
General comment Sulfurous green onion garlic metallic
Used in onion/garlic flavours in meat and vegetable sauces and dressings at 1ppm. Onion

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Flavoring purposes Garlic, Meat, Onion, Vegetable

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-mouse LD50 [sex: M,F] 100 - 400 mg/kg
Not definitive test
(Moran et al., 1980)

oral-mouse LD50 100 mg/kg
Drug and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 3, Pg. 249, 1980.

Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
IFRA Purity Specification:
Recommendation for diallyl trisulfide usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 0.05 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 0.02 (μg/capita/day)
Modified Theoretical Added Maximum Daily Intake (mTAMDI): 348 (μg/person/day)
NOEL (No Observed Effect Level): 4.6 (mg/kg bw per day)
Threshold of Concern:540 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class: II
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 5
Click here to view publication 5
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -1.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): --
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -1.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: -1.00000
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: -1.00000
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: -1.00000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --
Food categories according to Commission Regulation EC No. 1565/2000 (EC, 2000) in FGE.06 (EFSA, 2002a). According to the Industry the "normal" use is defined as the average of reported usages and "maximum use" is defined as the 95th percentile of reported usages (EFSA, 2002i).
Note: mg/kg = 0.001/1000 = 0.000001 = 1/1000000 = ppm.
average usage mg/kgmaximum usage mg/kg
Dairy products, excluding products of category 02.0 (01.0): 0.600002.00000
Fats and oils, and fat emulsions (type water-in-oil) (02.0): 0.040001.00000
Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet (03.0): 0.500002.00000
Processed fruit (04.1): --
Processed vegetables (incl. mushrooms & fungi, roots & tubers, pulses and legumes), and nuts & seeds (04.2): 0.200001.50000
Confectionery (05.0): 0.750002.00000
Chewing gum (05.3): --
Cereals and cereal products, incl. flours & starches from roots & tubers, pulses & legumes, excluding bakery (06.0): 0.620001.00000
Bakery wares (07.0): 0.800002.00000
Meat and meat products, including poultry and game (08.0): 0.730001.00000
Fish and fish products, including molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms (MCE) (09.0): 0.100001.00000
Eggs and egg products (10.0): 0.080001.00000
Sweeteners, including honey (11.0): --
Salts, spices, soups, sauces, salads, protein products, etc. (12.0): 0.450001.00000
Foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses (13.0): --
Non-alcoholic ("soft") beverages, excl. dairy products (14.1): 0.500001.00000
Alcoholic beverages, incl. alcohol-free and low-alcoholic counterparts (14.2): 0.100002.00000
Ready-to-eat savouries (15.0): 1.100005.00000
Composite foods (e.g. casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01.0 - 15.0 (16.0): --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 8 (FGE.08)[1]: Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical group 20
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 74 (FGE.74)[1]: Consideration of Simple Aliphatic Sulphides and Thiols evaluated by JECFA (61st meeting) Structurally related to Aliphatic and Alicyclic Mono-, Di-, Tri-, and Polysulphides with or without Additional Oxygenated Functional Groups from Chemical Group 20 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.08 (2008)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 8, Revision 1 (FGE.08Rev1): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 91 (FGE.91): Consideration of simple aliphatic and aromatic sulphides and thiols evaluated by JECFA (53rd and 68th meetings) structurally related to aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups evaluated by EFSA in FGE.08Rev1 (2009)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 74, Revision 1 (FGE.74Rev1): Consideration of Simple Aliphatic Sulphides and Thiols evaluated by the JECFA (53rd and 61st meeting) Structurally related to Aliphatic and Alicyclic Mono-, Di-, Tri-, and Polysulphides with or without Additional Oxygenated Functional Groups from Chemical Group 20 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.08Rev1 (2009)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 8, Revision 3 (FGE.08Rev3): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 74, Revision 2 (FGE.74Rev2): Consideration of Simple Aliphatic Sulphides and Thiols evaluated by the JECFA (53rd and 61st meeting) Structurally related to Aliphatic and Alicyclic Mono-, Di-, Tri-, and Polysulphides with or without Additional Oxygenated Functional Groups from Chemical Group 20 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.08Rev3 (2011)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 08, Revision 4 (FGE.08Rev4): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30
View page or View pdf

Statement on List of Representative Substances for Testing. The current Statement lays down a list of substances in sub-groups with representative substances for which additional data are required prior to their evaluation through the Procedure (Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000).
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic and aromatic mono- and di-thiols and mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups (chemical group 20) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EFSA Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids (CEF)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 74, Revision 4 (FGE.74Rev4): Consideration of aliphatic sulphides and thiols evaluated by JECFA (53rd and 61st meeting) structurally related to aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri- and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical group 20 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.08Rev5
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):2050-87-5
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :16315
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
3-prop-2-enylsulfanyldisulfanylprop-1-ene
Chemidplus:0002050875
RTECS:BC6168000 for cas# 2050-87-5