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propionaldehyde

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name propionaldehyde
Trivial Name Propanal
Short Description propanal
Formula C3 H6 O
CAS Number 123-38-6
FEMA Number 2923
Flavis Number 5.002
ECHA Number 204-623-0
FDA UNII AMJ2B4M67V
Nikkaji Number J2.497J
Beilstein Number 0506010
MDL MFCD00007020
COE Number 90
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 83 propionaldehyde
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 123-38-6 ; PROPIONALDEHYDE
Synonyms
  • aldehyde propionique
  • methyl acetaldehyde
  • methylacetaldehyde
  • propaldehyde
  • propanal
  • 1-propanal
  • N- propanal
  • propanaldehyde
  • 1-propanone
  • propional
  • N- propionaldehyde
  • nat. propionaldehyde
  • propionaldehyde natural
  • propionic aldehyde
  • proprionaldehyde
  • propyl aldehyde
  • N- propylal
  • propylaldehyde
  • propylic aldehyde
  • n-Propanal
  • 1-Propanal
  • n-Propionaldehyde
  • Ethylcarboxaldehyde
  • NSC 6493

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Perfumer & Flavorists Start search
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Literature & References

propanal
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:123-38-6
Pubchem (cid):527
Pubchem (sid):134974560
Flavornet:123-38-6
Pherobase:View
Publications by Info
Volatile Flavor Components in Bogyojosaeng and Suhong Cultivars of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
Publications by PubMed
Novel approach for the determination of volatile compounds in processed onion by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS).
Characteristics of odorous carbonyl compounds in the ambient air around a fishery industrial complex of Yeosu, Korea.
Chemical stabilization of oils rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during storage.
Unraveling the hydroxypropionaldehyde (HPA) system: an active antimicrobial agent against human pathogens.
Microencapsulation of fish oil by spray granulation and fluid bed film coating.
Gene cloning and biochemical characterization of a NAD(P)+ -dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase from Bacillus licheniformis.
Volatile aldehydes in the mainstream smoke of the narghile waterpipe.
Acetaldehyde stimulates ethanol-stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grown on various carbon sources.
Acetaldehyde mediates growth stimulation of ethanol-stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence of a redox-driven mechanism.
Determination of olive oil oxidative status by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry.
In vitro penetration and subchronic toxicity of alpha-methyl-1,3-benzodioxole-5-propionaldehyde.
Stability and comparative metabolism of selected felbamate metabolites and postulated fluorofelbamate metabolites by postmitochondrial suspensions.
Toxicological evaluation of glycerin as a cigarette ingredient.
Developmental toxicity study with 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde vapor by whole-body exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Antioxidant activity of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seed in whey protein isolate stabilized algae oil-in-water emulsions.
Determination of vitamin B12 using the enzyme glycerol dehydrase.
Identification of key odorants related to the typical aroma of oxidation-spoiled white wines.
Aldehyde-induced xanthine oxidase activity in raw milk.
How low pH can intensify beta-damascenone and dimethyl trisulfide production through beer aging.
3-methylthiopropionaldehyde as precursor of dimethyl trisulfide in aged beers.
Age-related changes in the urinary excretion of aldehydes in ad libitum fed and food-restricted rats.
Acute and repeated vapor exposure toxicology of 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde.
Aroma profiles of vegetable oils varying in fatty acid composition vs. concentrations of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products.
Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase that is induced by growing Alteromonas sp. Strain KE10 in a low concentration of organic nutrients.
A carbamate insecticide: a case study of aldicarb.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of five n-alkanals in primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes.
Headspace gas chromatography to determine human low density lipoprotein oxidation.
Metabolism of 2-oxoaldehyde in mold. Purification and characterization of two methylglyoxal reductases from Aspergillus niger.
[Analysis of a synthetic onion aroma (author's transl)].
Metabolism of 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime (Temik aldicarb pesticide) in potato plants.
Fate and carryover properties of Temik aldicarb pesticide (2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoly)oxime) in soil.
The metabolism of Temik aldicarb pesticide (2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime) in the cotton plant.
Dehydrogenase activity of pseudomonas species.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
UM BBD:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00479
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB03366
FooDB:FDB012083
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB00911
Export Tariff Code:2912.19.5000
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•usepaopp pesticide code 202400; trade names: propanal. •purity: 97-99+%.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex Yes
Molecular weight 58.080020904541
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 6.615 to 6.906
Refractive Index 1.355 to 1.375 @ 20 °C
Melting Point -81 to -80°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 46 to 50°C @ 760 mm Hg
Acid Value 5 max KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 299.382996 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 2
Flash Point TCC Value -26.67 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 0.59
Solubility
alcohol Yes
ether Yes
water, 4.299e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
water, 3.06E+05 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Ethereal
earthy, alcoholic, winey, whiskey, cocoa, nutty, ethereal, pungent, cognac, brandy, meaty, grape
Odor strength high , recommend smelling in a 0.10 % solution or less
Substantivity 4 hour(s) at 100.00 %
General comment At 0.10 % in propylene glycol. earthy alcohol wine whiskey cocoa nutty
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 26, No. 3, 80, (2001) At 1.00 % in propylene glycol. Ethereal, pungent, chocking with earthy, alcoholic wine lees-like with a whiskey and brandy impact and cocoa nutty and slightly meaty nuance on dryout with a grape like nuance
Flavor Type: Musty
musty, yeasty, ethereal, nutty, vegetable, potato, cheesy bleu cheese, grape, banana, apple, broccoli, almond, chocolate
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 26, No. 3, 80, (2001) At 5.00 - 10.00 ppm. Musty, yeasty, ethereal, nutty and vegetative with nuances of potato, blue cheese, grape, banana, apple, broccoli, almond and chocolate

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 11 - Highly flammable.
R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 1410 mg/kg
AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 4, Pg. 119, 1951.

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 200 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533450

oral-mouse LD50 800 mg/kg
Kodak Company Reports. Vol. 21MAY1971

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 200 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533450

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 2460 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0543436

skin-guinea pig LD50 10 ml/kg
SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, OTHER: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"
National Technical Information Service. Vol. OTS0533

subcutaneous-mouse LD50 680 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 6, Pg. 299, 1950.

subcutaneous-rat LD50 820 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD
Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica. Vol. 6, Pg. 299, 1950.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-mouse LC50 21800 mg/m3/2H
"Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 102, 1982.

inhalation-mammal (species unspecified) LC50 21800 mg/m3
Gigiena Truda i Professional'nye Zabolevaniya. Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. Vol. 12(7), Pg. 16, 1968.

inhalation-rat TCLo 8000 ppm/4H
AMA Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. Vol. 4, Pg. 119, 1951.

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for propionaldehyde usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -13.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -3.90000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -12.00000
fruit ices: -12.00000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -11.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 3, Revision 1 (FGE.03Rev1): Acetals of branched- and straight-chain aliphatic saturated primary alcohols and branched- and straight-chain saturated or unsaturated aldehydes, an ester of a hemiacetal and an orthoester of formic acid, from chemical groups 1, 2 & 4 Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)on a request from the Commission
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of straight-chain primary aliphatic alcohols/aldehydes/acids, acetals and esters with esters containing saturated alcohols and acetals containing saturated aldehydes (chemical group 1) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
EPA-Iris:IRIS
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):123-38-6
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :527
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 1275
WGK Germany:1
propanal
Chemidplus:0000123386
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:123-38-6