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amber pentadecane
Amber pentadecane is a woody-scented fragrance compound with warm amber nuances, used primarily as a medium-strength ingredient in perfumery formulations.
General Material Description
Amber pentadecane, also known trivially as cyclamber, is an oxygen-containing bicyclic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C14H26O. This compound exhibits a warm woody aroma with dry amber and old wood notes, classified as a medium-strength odorant. It is referenced chemically as 14-oxa bicyclo[10.3.0]pentadecane and has several synonyms including tetradecahydrocyclododeca[c]furan. As a fragrance ingredient, amber pentadecane is mainly derived by synthetic processes suited for perfumery applications. Detailed chemical and structural information is available through authoritative sources such as PubChem. Its unique sensory profile and chemical stability make it a valuable component in complex fragrance compositions.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Amber pentadecane does not occur naturally in significant amounts but is synthesized for use in fragrance formulations. Its applications include imparting warm, woody, amber, balsam, musk, and oriental scent facets, enhancing depth and substantivity in perfumes. The compound exhibits a high substantivity, with retention times reaching 160 hours at full concentration, positioning it as a durable base note. It is regulated under IFRA (Global) standards, which recommend usage levels up to 5.0% in fragrance concentrates to ensure formulation safety. Amber pentadecane is not intended for flavoring purposes and is primarily valued in the fragrance industry for its odor enhancement capabilities.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Amber pentadecane is a bicyclic oxygenated hydrocarbon with an estimated logP of about 5.29, indicating a high lipophilicity compatible with incorporation in oil-based fragrance systems. It has a specific gravity of approximately 0.961 at 25°C and a refractive index ranging from 1.491 to 1.495 at 20°C. The compound exhibits low vapor pressure (0.012 mmHg at 25°C) and a boiling range of 92 to 94°C at reduced pressure (0.2 mmHg), demonstrating stability and moderate volatility conducive to long-lasting scent release. Its flash point is reported as 212°F (approximately 100°C), indicating relatively low volatility at ambient temperatures. Amber pentadecane is soluble in alcohol and shows minimal water solubility, characteristics suitable for typical fragrance solvent systems. Its stability across common media allows for reliable use in diverse perfumery formulations without rapid degradation or loss of scent integrity.
FAQ
What is amber pentadecane and what are its key characteristics?
Amber pentadecane is a synthetic bicyclic oxygenated hydrocarbon used as a fragrance compound. Known also as cyclamber, it features a warm, woody odor with amber and old wood nuances. The compound has a medium odor strength and offers high substantivity, meaning it remains perceptible for extended periods in fragrance compositions. It is identified chemically by the formula C14H26O and possesses physical properties such as moderate lipophilicity and low vapor pressure, making it suitable for long-lasting scent applications.
How is amber pentadecane used and where does it typically appear?
Amber pentadecane is primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumery and related personal care products. It contributes warm, woody, amber, balsam, musk, and oriental scent notes, often serving as a base or fixative to enhance overall fragrance persistence. The compound is synthesized chemically and incorporated into fragrance concentrates up to recommended levels. It does not naturally occur in significant amounts and is not employed as a flavoring agent. Its physicochemical profile supports formulation in alcohol-based and oil-based systems.
What regulations and safety considerations apply to amber pentadecane?
Amber pentadecane is regulated under the International Fragrance Association (IFRA, Global) guidelines, which specify usage limits of up to 5.0% in fragrance concentrates to ensure user safety. It is classified as an irritant under some European hazard categories, with associated risk phrases related to skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. Safety data from recognized sources indicate no significant oral or dermal toxicity at typical exposure levels. Manufacturers should follow appropriate safety handling and protective measures during formulation and use. The compound is not approved for flavor use and is restricted to fragrance applications.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food: | Read Report |
| EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food: | Read Report |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | amber pentadecane |
| Trivial Name | Tetradecahydrocyclododeca[c]furan |
| Short Description | cyclamber |
| Formula | C14 H26 O |
| CAS Number | 42824-62-4 |
| ECHA Number | 255-957-9 |
| FDA UNII | Search |
| Nikkaji Number | J309.981D |
| xLogP3-AA | 5.20 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
| BOC Sciences |
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 210.36041259766 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | |
| Refractive Index | 1.491 to 1.495 @ 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 92 to 94°C @ 0.2 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.012 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 100 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 5.288 est |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 1.28 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | Yes |
| water | No |
| Stability | |
| most media | Unspecified |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Woody | |
| warm, woody, dry, amber, woody old wood | |
| Odor strength | medium |
| Substantivity | 160 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1986) | At 100.00 %. warm woody dry amber old wood |
Safety Information
Safety information
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xi - Irritant | |
| R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-mouse LD50 5000 mg/kg Henkel Corporation | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for amber pentadecane usage levels up to: | |||
| 5.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Recommendation for amber pentadecane flavor usage levels up to: | |||
| not for flavor use. | |||
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):42824-62-4 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :170687 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| 1,3,3a,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,13a-tetradecahydrocyclododeca[c]furan |
| Chemidplus:0042824624 |