We have found 46589 results matching your criteria.
Please wait while we search...
  1. 1.
    General Material Information
  2. 2.
    PhysChem Properties
  3. 3.
    Occurrences
  4. 4.
    Organoleptic Properties
  5. 5.
    Suppliers
  6. 6.
    Potential Uses
  7. 7.
    Regulatory & Documentation
  8. 8.
    Safety Information
  9. 9.
    Other Information
  10. 10.
    Blenders & Components
  11. 11.
    Literature & References

gamma-valerolactone

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name gamma-valerolactone
Trivial Name γ-Valerolactone
Short Description pentano-1,4-lactone
Formula C5 H8 O2
CAS Number 108-29-2
Deleted CAS Number 57129-69-8
FEMA Number 3103
Flavis Number 10.013
ECHA Number 203-569-5
FDA UNII O7056XK37X
Nikkaji Number J5.072E
Beilstein Number 0080420
MDL MFCD00005400
COE Number 757
xLogP3-AA 0.60 (est)
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 220 gamma-valerolactone
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 108-29-2 ; GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE
Synonyms
  • dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
  • 4,5-dihydro-5-methyl-2(3H)-furanone
  • 2(3H)- furanone, dihydro-5-methyl-
  • 4-hydroxypentanoic acid gamma-lactone
  • 4-hydroxyvaleric acid gamma-lactone
  • 4-hydroxyvaleric acid lactone
  • 4-methyl butan-4-olide
  • 5-methyl tetrahydro-2-furanone
  • 4-methyl-4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone
  • 4-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone
  • gamma- methyl-gamma-butyrolactone
  • 4-methylbutan-4-olide
  • 5-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
  • 5-methyldihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
  • 5-methyloxolan-2-one
  • gamma- pentalactone
  • pentano-1,4-lactone
  • 4-pentanolide
  • gamma- valeractone
  • (±)-gamma- valerolactone
  • 4-valerolactone
  • gamma valerolactone
  • nat.gamma- valerolactone
  • gamma- valerolactone FCC
  • valerolactone gamma
  • valerolactone gamma natural
  • gamma- valerolactone natural
  • gamma- valerolactone synthetic
  • gamma- valeryl lactone
  • gamma- verolactone
  • 5-methyloxolan-2-one
  • 2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-methyl-
  • Valeric acid, 4-hydroxy-, γ-lactone
  • Valeric acid, γ-hydroxy-, lactone
  • 4-Hydroxypentanoic acid lactone
  • Pentanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, γ-lactone
  • γ-Valerolactone
  • γ-Methyl-γ-butyrolactone
  • γ-Pentalactone
  • 4-Methyl-γ-butyrolactone
  • γ-Methylbutyrolactone
  • 4-Hydroxyvaleric acid lactone
  • 4-Pentanolide
  • 4-Methylbutyrolactone
  • Tetrahydro-5-methyl-2-furanone
  • Dihydro-5-methyl-2-furanone
  • 5-Methyltetrahydro-2-furanone
  • 4-Hydroxypentanoic acid γ-lactone
  • 5-Methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone
  • (±)-γ-Valerolactone
  • (±)-4-Methylbutyrolactone
  • (RS)-γ-Pentalactone
  • (±)-γ-Pentalactone
  • (±)-γ-Methylbutyrolactone
  • NSC 33700
  • γ-VL
  • Pentano-4-lactone
  • Dihydro-5-methylfuranone
  • GVL

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

Google Scholar Start search
Google Books Start search
Google Patents Start search
Perfumer & Flavorists Start search
EU Patents Start search
PubMeb Start search
NCBI Start search

Literature & References

Leffingwell:Chirality or Article
5-methyloxolan-2-one
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:108-29-2
Pubchem (cid):7921
Pubchem (sid):134972902
Publications by PubMed
Integration of mild acid hydrolysis in γ-valerolactone/water system for enhancement of enzymatic saccharification from cotton stalk.
Conversion of corn stalk into furfural using a novel heterogeneous strong acid catalyst in γ-valerolactone.
Atom-economical synthesis of γ-valerolactone with self-supplied hydrogen from methanol.
Effects of Metabolites Produced from (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate by Rat Intestinal Bacteria on Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Activity and Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.
Conversion of levulinic acid into γ-valerolactone using Fe3(CO)12: mimicking a biorefinery setting by exploiting crude liquors from biomass acid hydrolysis.
Porous Zirconium-Phytic Acid Hybrid: a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reductions.
Insights into the Lactonase Mechanism of Serum Paraoxonase 1 (PON1): Experimental and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Studies.
Acid-Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon: An Efficient Support for Ruthenium-Catalyzed γ-Valerolactone Production.
Profiling a gut microbiota-generated catechin metabolite's fate in human blood cells using a metabolomic approach.
Influence of age on the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of cocoa flavanols in healthy subjects.
Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol in the Presence of a Recyclable Cobalt/SBA-15 Catalyst.
In Situ Catalytic Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Methyl Levulinate to γ-Valerolactone in Methanol.
Cascade upgrading of γ-valerolactone to biofuels.
Solvent-enabled nonenyzmatic sugar production from biomass for chemical and biological upgrading.
High performing and stable supported nano-alloys for the catalytic hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.
Biotransformation of (-)-epigallocatechin and (-)-gallocatechin by intestinal bacteria involved in isoflavone metabolism.
A lignocellulosic ethanol strategy via nonenzymatic sugar production: process synthesis and analysis.
Titania-Supported Catalysts for Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation: Influence of Support and its Impact on γ-Valerolactone Yield.
Highly sensitive analysis of polyphenols and their metabolites in human blood cells using dispersive SPE extraction and LC-MS/MS.
Hydrodeoxygenation processes: advances on catalytic transformations of biomass-derived platform chemicals into hydrocarbon fuels.
Advanced biorefinery based on the fractionation of biomass in γ-valerolactone and water.
Solvent effects in acid-catalyzed biomass conversion reactions.
Efficient, solvent-free hydrogenation of α-angelica lactone catalysed by Ru/C at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
Role of water in metal catalyst performance for ketone hydrogenation: a joint experimental and theoretical study on levulinic acid conversion into gamma-valerolactone.
Isolation and characterization of rat intestinal bacteria involved in biotransformation of (-)-epigallocatechin.
Catalytic conversion of γ-valerolactone to ε-caprolactam: towards nylon from renewable feedstock.
Is the age-related loss in olfactory sensitivity similar for light and heavy molecules?
Nonenzymatic sugar production from biomass using biomass-derived γ-valerolactone.
Production of furfural from xylose, xylan and corncob in gamma-valerolactone using FeCl3·6H2O as catalyst.
Production of 4-valerolactone by an equilibrium-limited transformation in a partitioning bioreactor: impact of absorptive polymer properties.
Acet-oxy-γ-valerolactone.
Domino reaction catalyzed by zeolites with Brønsted and Lewis acid sites for the production of γ-valerolactone from furfural.
Conversion of carbohydrate biomass to γ-valerolactone by using water-soluble and reusable iridium complexes in acidic aqueous media.
Eco-solvents--cluster-formation, surfactantless microemulsions and facilitated hydrotropy.
Studies on the microbial synthesis and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates containing 4-hydroxyvalerate using γ-valerolactone.
RANEY® Ni catalyzed transfer hydrogenation of levulinate esters to γ-valerolactone at room temperature.
Facilitated uptake of a bioactive metabolite of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) into human erythrocytes.
Uptake of gamma-valerolactone--detection of gamma-hydroxyvaleric acid in human urine samples.
Ionic-liquid-catalyzed efficient transformation of γ-valerolactone to methyl 3-pentenoate under mild conditions.
Electricity storage in biofuels: selective electrocatalytic reduction of levulinic acid to valeric acid or γ-valerolactone.
A chemo-enzymatic route to synthesize (S)-γ-valerolactone from levulinic acid.
Conversion of hemicellulose into furfural using solid acid catalysts in γ-valerolactone.
Electrophysiological responses of the olfactory receptors of the tick Amblyomma cajennense (Acari: Ixodidae) to host-related and tick pheromone-related synthetic compounds.
Development of heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone.
Structural elucidation and quantification of phenolic conjugates present in human urine after tea intake.
Origin of selectivity of Tsuji-Trost allylic alkylation of lactones: highly ordered transition states with lithium-containing enolates.
Facilitated cellular uptake and suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase by a metabolite of maritime pine bark extract (Pycnogenol).
Production of aromatic hydrocarbons through catalytic pyrolysis of γ-valerolactone from biomass.
Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by green and white tea and their simulated intestinal metabolites.
Intake of dietary procyanidins does not contribute to the pool of circulating flavanols in humans.
Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and gamma valerolactone (GVL): similarities and differences in their effects on the acoustic startle reflex and the conditioned enhancement of startle in the rat.
In vitro fermentation of a red wine extract by human gut microbiota: changes in microbial groups and formation of phenolic metabolites.
Conversion of biomass-derived levulinate and formate esters into γ-valerolactone over supported gold catalysts.
Liquid-phase catalytic transfer hydrogenation and cyclization of levulinic acid and its esters to γ-valerolactone over metal oxide catalysts.
Selective homogeneous hydrogenation of biogenic carboxylic acids with [Ru(TriPhos)H]+: a mechanistic study.
Hydrogen-independent reductive transformation of carbohydrate biomass into γ-valerolactone and pyrrolidone derivatives with supported gold catalysts.
Synthesis, analytical features, and biological relevance of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, a microbial metabolite derived from the catabolism of dietary flavan-3-ols.
Isolation of catechin-converting human intestinal bacteria.
Reactive extraction of levulinate esters and conversion to γ-valerolactone for production of liquid fuels.
Antioxidative activity of microbial metabolites of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate produced in rat intestines.
Simultaneous determination of γ-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogues (GBL, 1.4-BD, GVL) in whole blood and urine by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.
Metabolism of green tea catechins by the human small intestine.
Conversion of levulinic acid and formic acid into γ-valerolactone over heterogeneous catalysts.
Plasma protein binding of polyphenols from maritime pine bark extract (USP).
Chemistry. Connecting biomass and petroleum processing with a chemical bridge.
γ-Valerolactone ring-opening and decarboxylation over SiO2/Al2O3 in the presence of water.
Integrated catalytic conversion of gamma-valerolactone to liquid alkenes for transportation fuels.
A methodology to estimate concentration profiles from two-dimensional covariance spectroscopy applied to kinetic data.
Bioavailability and catabolism of green tea flavan-3-ols in humans.
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative [4 + 3] cyclization of gamma-methylidene-delta-valerolactones with 1,1-dicyanocyclopropanes.
Profile of plasma and urine metabolites after the intake of almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] polyphenols in humans.
Characterization of two lactones in liquid phase: an experimental and computational approach.
Targeted metabolic profiling of phenolics in urine and plasma after regular consumption of cocoa by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived carbohydrates into gamma-valerolactone without using an external H2 supply.
MCR-ALS for sequential estimation of FTIR-ATR spectra to resolve a curing process using global phase angle convergence criterion.
Procyanidin dimers are metabolized by human microbiota with 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid and 5-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone as the major metabolites.
Human urinary metabolite profile of tea polyphenols analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with data-dependent acquisition.
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in the blood of impaired drivers, users of illicit drugs, and medical examiner cases.
Maximising opportunities in supercritical chemistry: the continuous conversion of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone in CO(2).
Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora.
Block copolymers for drug solubilisation: relative hydrophobicities of polyether and polyester micelle-core-forming blocks.
Towards 'bio-based' Nylon: conversion of gamma-valerolactone to methyl pentenoate under catalytic distillation conditions.
Cytoprotective constituent of Hoveniae Lignum on both Hep G2 cells and rat primary hepatocytes.
Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol) after oral administration to healthy volunteers.
"Ionic carbenes": synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity of rare-Earth metal methylidene complexes.
Trends in gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and related drug intoxication: 1999 to 2003.
Analysis of GHB and 4-methyl-GHB in postmortem matrices after long-term storage.
A theoretical study on the origin of pi-facial stereoselectivity in the alkylation of enolates derived from 4-substituted gamma-butyrolactones.
Sequential arrangement of gamma-valerolactone enantiomers enclathrated in cholic acid channels as studied by 13C solid-state NMR: elucidation of the optical resolution mechanism.
Phenol and lactone receptors in the distal sensilla of the Haller's organ in Ixodes ricinus ticks and their possible role in host perception.
Antioxidant activity and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases by metabolites of maritime pine bark extract (pycnogenol).
Urinary excretion of 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone, a ring-fission metabolite of (-)-epicatechin, in rats and its in vitro antioxidant activity.
Identification of metabolites of (-)-epicatechin gallate and their metabolic fate in the rat.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of antioxidants and their impact on systemic oxidative stress.
Pharmacokinetics of (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, an active component of Onpi-to, in rats.
[Preparation of gas chromatographic capillary columns with beta-cyclodextrin polymer stationary phase modified with methyl phenyl silicone(OV-17)].
Biosynthesis and local sequence specific degradation of poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) in Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava.
Pharmacokinetics of tea catechins after ingestion of green tea and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate by humans: formation of different metabolites and individual variability.
Urinary tea polyphenols in relation to gastric and esophageal cancers: a prospective study of men in Shanghai, China.
Identification and characterization of methylated and ring-fission metabolites of tea catechins formed in humans, mice, and rats.
Urinary metabolites of French maritime pine bark extract in humans.
Metabolic fate of (-)-[4-(3)H]epigallocatechin gallate in rats after oral administration.
Versatile 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-en-3-one: stereoselective methodology for generating C-glycosides, delta-valerolactones, and polyacetate segments.
Analysis of urinary metabolites of tea catechins by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Structural identification of two metabolites of catechins and their kinetics in human urine and blood after tea ingestion.
Pronounced differences in inhibition potency of lactone and non-lactone compounds for mouse and human coumarin 7-hydroxylases (CYP2A5 and CYP2A6).
Determination of free and glucuronated hexane metabolites without prior hydrolysis by liquid- and gas-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.
Comparison of thermal characteristics and degradation properties of epsilon-caprolactone copolymers.
Biosynthesis of poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) by recombinant strains of Escherichia coli.
Method for the simultaneous quantification of n-hexane metabolites: application to n-hexane metabolism determination.
Toxic effects of hexane derivatives on cultured rat Schwann cells.
The metabolism of n-nonane in male Fischer 344 rats.
Identification of vertebrate volatiles stimulating olfactory receptors on tarsus I of the tick Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Ixodidae). I. Receptors within the Haller's organ capsule.
The influence of solvent stress on MMS-induced genetic change in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Induction of chromosome loss by mixtures of organic solvents including neurotoxins.
Aprotic polar solvents that affect porcine brain tubulin aggregation in vitro induce aneuploidy in yeast cells growing at low temperatures.
Urinary excretion of 2,5-hexanedione and peripheral polyneuropathies workers exposed to hexane.
Identification of the n-heptane metabolites in rat and human urine.
Impairment of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis by 2,5-hexanedione.
The microbial metabolism of condensed (+)-catechins by rat-caecal microflora.
Methodological investigations on the determination of n-hexane metabolites in urine.
Analysis of n-hexane, 2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanedione, and related chemicals by capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Genetic change may be caused by interference with protein-protein interactions.
Identification of volatile metabolites of inhaled n-heptane in rat urine.
Changes of n-hexane neurotoxicity and its urinary metabolites by long-term co-exposure with MEK or toluene.
A study on biological monitoring of n-hexane exposure.
Changes of n-hexane metabolites in urine of rats exposed to various concentrations of n-hexane and to its mixture with toluene or MEK.
Urinary excretion of n-hexane metabolites. A comparative study in rat, rabbit and monkey.
Neurotoxic metabolites of "commercial hexane" in the urine of shoe factory workers.
Experimental neurotoxicity and urinary metabolites of the C5-C7 aliphatic hydrocarbons used as glue solvents in shoe manufacture.
Urinary excretion of the metabolites of n-hexane and its isomers during occupational exposure.
Measurement of the urinary metabolites of N-hexane, cyclohexane and their isomers by gas chromatography.
Pharmacokinetics of 14C-2-allophanyl-2-allyl -gamma-valero-lactone: a prodrug of proxibarbal in rats.
Cyclohexyl analogues of some antiinflammatory drugs.
Kinetics and mechanism of decomposition of some derivatives of 5-allylbarbituric acid. Part V. The course of hydrolysis of 5 allyl-5-(2'-hydroxypropyl)barbituric acid.
Central properties of alpha-allophanyl-alpha-allyl-gamma-valerolactone (valofan) [proceedings].
Prevention of experimental gastric ulcers in rats by dial derivatives.
Presence of (+/-)-delta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone in human urine.
Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Biliary and urinary excretion of metabolites of (+)-(U- 14 C)catechin.
New derivatives of alpha-ethyl-alpha-allophanyl-gamma-valerolactone.
Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of (+)-[14C] catechin in the rat and guinea pig.
[Mutagenic action of alpha-aceto-beta-vinyl-gamma-valerolactone].
2-benzyl-5-(N,N-dimethylamino)-gamma-valerolactone, an inhibitor of plasma cholinesterase.
The influence of prolonged administration of alpha-allyl-allophanylphenyl-gamma-valerolactone (T1) on behavior and bioelectric brain activity in cats.
Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Metabolism of (+)-catechin in the guinea pig.
Metabolism of alpha-allyl-alpha-allophanyl-gamma-valerolactone.
DERIVATIVES OF ALPHA-PHENYL-ALPHA-ALLYL-GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF ALPHA-ALLYL-GAMMA-VALEROLACTONE IN PHYSIOLOGIC BODY FLUIDS.
Some derivatives of gamma-valerolactone.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB33840
FooDB:FDB012018
Export Tariff Code:2932.20.5050
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food:Read Report

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex Yes
Molecular weight 100.11715698242
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 8.712 to 8.77
Refractive Index 1.431 to 1.434 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point 207 to 208°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 75 to 80°C @ 7 mm Hg
Acid Value 1 max KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 0.235 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 3.45
Flash Point TCC Value 96.11 °C TCC
logP (o/w) -0.27
Solubility
alcohol Yes
fixed oils Yes
water Yes
water, 9.381e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Herbal
herbal, sweet, warm, tobacco, cocoa, woody
Odor strength medium
Substantivity 2 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Luebke, William tgsc, (1986) At 100.00 %. herbal sweet warm tobacco cocoa woody
Flavor Type: Tonka
tonka, coumarinic, tobacco, cocoa, chocolate dark chocolate, coconut
Luebke, William tgsc, (1986) Sweet tonka coumarinic tobacco cocoa dark chocolate coconut
Vanilla and tobacco flavors Sweet

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications
Odor purposes Coffee , Filbert , Fungus , Herbal , Mango , Peach , Peanut
Flavoring purposes Cheese swiss cheese , Chocolate cocoa , Nut , Tea
Cosmetic purposes Perfuming agents

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
gavage-rat LD50 8800 mg/kg
(Deichmann et al., 1945)

oral-rat LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
(Moreno, 1978e)

gavage-rabbit LD50 2480 mg/kg
(Deichmann et al., 1945)

oral-rabbit LD50 2480 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 27, Pg. 263, 1945.

oral-rat LD50 8800 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS
Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 27, Pg. 263, 1945.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 847, 1982.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for gamma-valerolactone usage levels up to:
10.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 120.00 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -50.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -4.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -20.00000
fruit ices: -20.00000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -50.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to - Flavouring Group Evaluation 10: Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 1 (FGE10 Rev1)[1] - Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 10, Revision 2 (FGE.10Rev2): Aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):108-29-2
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7921
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:2
5-methyloxolan-2-one
Chemidplus:0000108292
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:LU3580000 for cas# 108-29-2