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adoxal (Givaudan)
Adoxal (Givaudan) is a high-impact aldehydic fragrance and flavor compound known for its waxy, floral aroma and used as a perfuming and flavoring agent.
General Material Description
Adoxal (Givaudan), also known as 2,6,10-trimethyl undec-9-enal, is a synthetic aldehydic fragrance and flavor compound with the molecular formula C14H26O. It presents as a clear, colorless liquid notable for its fresh aldehydic, floral, waxy, and watery odor profile. Synonyms include farenal (Symrise), trimethyl undecenal, and NSC 122698. Adoxal is valued in perfumery and flavor industries for its strong, persistent scent and complex aroma nuances. The compound is typically produced through specialized organic synthesis methods and is catalogued in public chemical databases such as PubChem. Its distinct sensory characteristics make it suitable for recreating floral, waxy, and fresh notes in fragrance blends and food flavorings.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Adoxal does not naturally occur in biological systems but is widely utilized in flavor and fragrance formulations. It is recognized under FEMA (US) number 4768 and IFRA (Global) guidelines for safe use. The compound's potent aldehydic and waxy aromatic qualities enable its application in perfumes, cosmetics, and flavorings that require floral, creamy, or fresh notes. Its uses encompass baking goods, confectionery, beverages, dairy, and snack products among numerous others. In perfumery, it contributes to aldehydic, floral, and waxy accords, enhancing the complexity of scent compositions. Adoxal is approved for use up to 5% in fragrance concentrates according to IFRA standards, and its flavor use levels are regulated to ensure consumer safety.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
Adoxal is a moderately heavy liquid with a molecular weight of 210.36 g/mol. It exhibits a specific gravity ranging approximately from 0.846 to 0.852 at 25 °C and a refractive index between 1.45 and 1.455 at 20 °C. The compound has a boiling point near 286 to 287 °C at standard atmospheric pressure. Its vapor pressure is low, about 0.003 mmHg at 25 °C, indicating limited volatility. Adoxal is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water, roughly 3 mg/L at 20 °C. The estimated logP value of approximately 5.2 reflects its substantial lipophilicity, influencing its formulation behavior, especially in oily or solvent-based media. Stability varies depending on the medium, showing good stability in alcoholic solutions and soaps, moderate to poor stability under alkaline, bleaching, or fabric-related conditions. These physico-chemical properties guide its effective and safe incorporation in fragrance and flavor products.
FAQ
What is adoxal (Givaudan) and what are its primary sensory characteristics?
Adoxal (Givaudan) is a synthetic aldehydic compound chemically identified as 2,6,10-trimethyl undec-9-enal. It is commonly used in fragrance and flavor industries. Sensory evaluations describe adoxal as having a strong aldehydic odor with fresh, floral, waxy, and watery nuances. Its scent is potent at low concentrations (1% solution or less) and persists for extended durations when undiluted, making it valuable for complex scent compositions and flavor profiles.
Where is adoxal used and how is it applied in industry?
Adoxal finds applications primarily in perfumery and flavoring formulations. Its aldehydic and waxy aroma qualities make it suitable for recreating floral and fresh notes in perfumes, cosmetics, and a range of food products such as baked goods, beverages, confectionery, dairy, and snacks. It is used at regulated low concentrations to impart desirable aromatic nuances without overwhelming the final product. The compound’s chemical properties require consideration during formulation to ensure stability and desired scent performance.
What safety and regulatory information applies to adoxal (Givaudan)?
Adoxal is classified as an irritant (Xi) with hazard codes indicating it can irritate eyes, skin, and respiratory systems. It is very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting environmental effects, necessitating careful handling to avoid environmental release. Regulatory bodies such as FEMA (US) and IFRA (Global) have established usage limits; for instance, IFRA permits up to 5% in fragrance concentrates. Safety measures include wearing protective clothing, avoiding skin and eye contact, and following disposal guidelines. Usage in food flavoring is also regulated with defined maximum ppm levels depending on the product category to ensure consumer safety.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
| Google Scholar | Start search |
| Google Books | Start search |
| Google Patents | Start search |
| Perfumer & Flavorists | Start search |
| EU Patents | Start search |
| PubMeb | Start search |
| NCBI | Start search |
Literature & References
| 2,6,10-trimethylundec-9-enal | |
| NIST Chemistry WebBook: | Search Inchi |
| Canada Domestic Sub. List: | 141-13-9 |
| Pubchem (cid): | 98403 |
| Pubchem (sid): | 135057671 |
| Pherobase: | View |
| Publications by Info | |
| Adoxal | |
Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | Search |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2912.19.20 |
| ChemSpider: | View |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | adoxal (Givaudan) |
| Trivial Name | Adoxal |
| Short Description | farenal (Symrise) |
| Formula | C14 H26 O |
| CAS Number | 141-13-9 |
| FEMA Number | 4768 |
| ECHA Number | 205-460-8 |
| FDA UNII | JNM5JFE28J |
| Nikkaji Number | J12.264E |
| xLogP3-AA | 5.00 (est) |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| FDA Patent | No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 210.36041259766 |
| Specific gravity | @ 25 °C |
| Pounds per Gallon | 7.04 to 7.089 |
| Refractive Index | 1.45 to 1.455 @ 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 286 to 287°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.003 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 93.33 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 5.196 est |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| water, 3 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) | Yes |
| Stability | |
| alcoholic - good | Unspecified |
| antiperspirant spray - poor | Unspecified |
| APC (pH = 10) - good | Unspecified |
| candles - good | Unspecified |
| damp fabric - moderate | Unspecified |
| dry fabric - poor | Unspecified |
| liquid bleach - poor | Unspecified |
| pH = 2 - moderate | Unspecified |
| powder detergent - moderate | Unspecified |
| powder detergent + activator - poor | Unspecified |
| soap - good | Unspecified |
| toiletries - good | Unspecified |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Aldehydic | |
| fresh, aldehydic, floral, waxy, watery, marine, rose, lily of the valley, incense | |
| Odor strength | high , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less |
| Substantivity | 168 hour(s) at 100.00 % |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1986) | At 1.00 % in dipropylene glycol. fresh aldehydic floral waxy watery |
| Flavor Type: Waxy | |
| waxy, aldehydic, floral, nasturtium, soapy, watery, metallic | |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1986) | Waxy aldehydic floral nasturtium soapy watery metallic |
Potential Uses
Safety Information
Safety information
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xi - Irritant | |
| R 36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system, and skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H400 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H410 | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram |  |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| H400 - Very toxic to aquatic life H410 - Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| P273 - Avoid release to the environment. P391 - Collect spillage. Hazardous to the aquatic environment P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LDLo 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 30(Suppl), Pg. 133S, 1992. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 30(Suppl), Pg. 133S, 1992. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for adoxal (Givaudan) usage levels up to: | |||
| 5.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
| Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). | |||
| The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library | |||
| publication number: 26 | |||
| Click here to view publication 26 | |||
| average usual ppm | average maximum ppm | ||
| baked goods: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| beverages(nonalcoholic): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| beverages(alcoholic): | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| breakfast cereal: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| cheese: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| chewing gum: | 0.40000 | 1.50000 | |
| condiments / relishes: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| confectionery froastings: | 0.02000 | 1.00000 | |
| egg products: | 0.02000 | 1.00000 | |
| fats / oils: | 0.02000 | 1.00000 | |
| fish products: | 0.02000 | 1.00000 | |
| frozen dairy: | 0.00200 | 1.00000 | |
| fruit ices: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| gelatins / puddings: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| granulated sugar: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| gravies: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| hard candy: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| imitation dairy: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| instant coffee / tea: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| jams / jellies: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| meat products: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| milk products: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| nut products: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| other grains: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| poultry: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| processed fruits: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| processed vegetables: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| reconstituted vegetables: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| seasonings / flavors: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| snack foods: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| soft candy: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| soups: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| sugar substitutes: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
| sweet sauces: | 0.20000 | 1.00000 | |
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):141-13-9 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :98403 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WGK Germany:2 |
| 2,6,10-trimethylundec-9-enal |
| Chemidplus:0000141139 |