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caramel furanone solution

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name caramel furanone solution
Trivial Name Sotolone
Short Description 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one solution
Formula C6 H8 O3
CAS Number 28664-35-9
Deleted CAS Number 87021-36-1
FEMA Number 3634
Flavis Number 10.03
ECHA Number 249-136-4
FDA UNII T62RL2NEGW
Nikkaji Number J68.557G
MDL MFCD00059957
COE Number 11834
xLogP3-AA 0.40 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 243 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one solution
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 28664-35-9 ; 4,5-DIMETHYL-3-HYDROXY-2,5-DIHYDROFURAN-2-ONE
Synonyms
  • caramel furanone (1% in triethyl citrate)
  • caramel furanone (3% in triacetin)
  • caramel furanone 0.1% in P.G. natural
  • caramel furanone 1% in ETOH natural
  • caramel furanone 1% in PG natural
  • caramel furanone 1% in sunflower oil natural
  • caramel furanone 10% in PG
  • caramel furanone 10% in propylene glycol
  • caramel furanone 3% in PG
  • caramel furanone 3% in PG synthetic
  • caramel furanone 3% in propylene glycol
  • caramel furanone 3% in triacetin
  • caramel furanone in 3% P.G.
  • caramel furanone natural 1% in ethyl alcohol
  • caramel furanone natural 1% in P.G.
  • caramel furanone natural 3% in propylene glycol
  • caramel lactone 10% in PG
  • caramel lactone 3% in PG
  • caramel lactone 3% in triacetin
  • dimethyl oxyfurone 3% in PG
  • 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydro-2-furanone solution
  • 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 10% in PG
  • 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one 3% in PG
  • 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one solution
  • 4,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone 3% in PG
  • 4,5-dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone solution
  • 2,3-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-5-one 3% in PG
  • fenugreek lactone 10% in PG
  • fenugreek lactone 3% in PG
  • fenugreek lactone 3% in triacetin
  • fenugreek lactone solution
  • fenugreeklactone solution
  • 2(5H)- furanone, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl- solution
  • 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-penten-4-olide 3% in PG
  • 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-penten-4-olide solution
  • 2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-2-buten-1,4-olide solution
  • 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl furan-2(5H)-one 3% in PG
  • 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone solution
  • 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-5-hydrofuran-2-one solution
  • 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one solution
  • 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-one solution
  • sotolon 1% in PG (Givaudan)
  • sotolon solution (Givaudan)
  • sotolone 3% in PG (Givaudan)
  • sotolone 3% in triacetin (Givaudan)
  • sotolone natural 0.1% in fractionated coconut oil
  • sotolone natural 0.1% in PG
  • sotolone natural 1% in grain alcohol
  • sotolone natural 1% in PG
  • sugar lactone 10% in PG
  • sugar lactone 3% in PG
  • sugar lactone 3% in triacetin
  • sugar lactone, 3% in PG
  • 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one
  • 2(5H)-Furanone, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-
  • 3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone
  • 3,4-Dimethyl-2-hydroxy-2-butan-1,4-olide
  • Sotolone
  • 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
  • Sautalone
  • 4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
  • Sotolon

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB31306
Export Tariff Code:2932.29.6000
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
EFSA Update of results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Previous report: Results on the monitoring of furan levels in food:Read Report
EFSA Report of the CONTAM Panel on provisional findings on furan in food:Read Report

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex No
Molecular weight 128.1273651123
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 8.587 to 8.754
Refractive Index 1.429 to 1.439 @ 20 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 100 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 1.4
Shelf life 12 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light. store under nitrogen.
Solubility
alcohol Yes
water, 2.228e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
water No
Stability
alcoholic fragrance Unspecified
antiperspirant Unspecified
detergent Unspecified
fabric softener Unspecified
soap Unspecified

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Caramellic
sweet, caramellic, maple, sugar burnt sugar, coffee
Odor strength very high , recommend smelling in a 1.00 % solution or less
Substantivity > 400 hour(s) at 3.00 % in propylene glycol
Luebke, William tgsc, (1999) At 1.00 % in propylene glycol. extremely sweet strong caramel maple burnt sugar coffee
Flavor Type: Caramellic
sweet, caramellic, sugar burnt sugar
General comment Sweet caramellic burnt sugar
Used - up to 10ppm in sugar, chocolate, vanilla, milk, nut, and sweet flavours for baked goods, meat/poultry/fish products/soups/gravies, condiments/sauces/relishes. Stability: excellent. Caramellic
For brown flavors such as chocolate, maple, coffee, toffee, vanilla, butterscotch. Caramel

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
R 36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 07 - Keep container tightly closed.
S 09 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 35 - This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S 46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302
Skin corrosion/irritation (Category 3), H316
Serious eye damage/eye irritation (Category 2A), H320
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogramexclamation-mark.jpg
Signal word Warning
Hazard statement(s)
H302 - Harmful if swallowed
H316 - Causes mild skin irritation
H320 - Causes eye irritation
Precautionary statement(s)
P264 - Wash skin thouroughly after handling.
P270 - Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P301 + P312 - IF SWALLOWED: call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician IF you feel unwell.
P305 + P351 + P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P330 - Rinse mouth.
P501 - Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for caramel furanone solution usage levels up to:
0.5000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 2.10 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 0.10 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class: III
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 12
Click here to view publication 12
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -10.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): --
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -10.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: -10.00000
fish products: -10.00000
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: -10.00000
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: -10.00000
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: -10.00000
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: -10.00000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: -10.00000

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 217: alpha,beta-Unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: Lactones[1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 217, Revision 1 (FGE.217Rev1). Consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: Lactones
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 217 Revision 2 (FGE.217Rev2), consideration of genotoxic potential for a,ß-unsaturated ketones and precursors from chemical subgroup 4.1 of FGE.19: lactones
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):28664-35-9
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :62835
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:3
3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one
Chemidplus:0028664359