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dextro,laevo-isoleucine

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name dextro,laevo-isoleucine
Trivial Name DL-Isoleucine
Short Description 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
Formula C6 H13 N O2
CAS Number 443-79-8
Deleted CAS Number 1160211-67-5
FEMA Number 3295
Flavis Number 17.01
ECHA Number 207-139-8
FDA UNII 5HX0BYT4E3
Nikkaji Number J1.283A
Beilstein Number 1721790
MDL MFCD00004268
COE Number 10127
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 1422 DL-isoleucine
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 443-79-8 ; DL-ISOLEUCINE
Synonyms
  • (±)-iso leucine
  • (±)-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
  • (±)-erythro-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
  • (±)-isoleucine
  • 2-amino-3-methyl pentanoic acid
  • 2-amino-3-methyl valeric acid
  • 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
  • 2-amino-3-methylvaleric acid
  • acetic acid, amino-sec-butyl-
  • alpha-amino-beta-methyl valeric acid
  • dextro,laevo-allo-iso leucine
  • dextro,laevo-iso leucine
  • DL-2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
  • DL-2-amino-3-methylvaleric acid
  • DL-allo-iso leucine
  • DL-iso leucine
  • isoleucine
  • pentanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-
  • valeric acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-
  • DL-isoleucine
  • Isoleucine, DL-
  • DL-Ile
  • NSC 9958

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:443-79-8
Pubchem (cid):791
Pubchem (sid):135017572
Publications by PubMed
Linear-dichroic infrared spectroscopy - validation and experimental design of the new orientation technique of solid samples as suspension in nematic liquid crystal.
Analysis of the loading and hydroxylation steps in lankamycin biosynthesis in Streptomyces rochei.
Structural relationships in crystals accommodating different stereoisomers of 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid.
Stereoconfiguration of anteiso-fatty biosynthesized from DL-isoleucine in rat skin.
Soft agar colony formation of bladder cells during carcinogenesis induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine and application to detection of bladder cancer promoters.
Preparation of Tc 99m-Sn-thioglycolic acid-dl-isoleucine (Tc-99m-TGA-ILEU) complex and its comparison with Tl 201-chloride for myocardial imaging.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of four amino-acids.
Comparative utilization of the alpha-keto and D- and L-alpha-hydroxy analogs of leucine, isoleucine and valine by chicks and rats.
Effect of different concentrations of dl-isoleucine, dl-valine, and dl-alanine on growth and sporulation in Fusarium oxysporum f. udum (Butl.) Sn. et H.
Influence of isoleucine upon quinomycin biosynthesis by Streptomyces sp. 732.
Amino Acid and vitamin requirements of several bacteroides strains.
NUTRITIONAL AND REGULATORY ASPECTS OF SERINE METABOLISM IN ESCHERICHIA COLI.
Nitrogenous compounds in germination and postgerminative development of Bacillus megaterium spores.
THE EFFECT OF dl-METHIONINE, l-CYSTINE, AND dl-ISOLEUCINE ON THE UTILIZATION OF PARENTERALLY ADMINISTERED DOG HEMOGLOBIN : A SUGGESTION FOR DESIGNING THE COMPOSITION OF THE "IDEAL" PROTEIN DIGEST.
PLASMA SUBSTITUTES : HUMAN AND ANIMAL GLOBIN RELATED TO THE PRODUCTION OF HEMOGLOBIN AND PLASMA PROTEIN DOG HEMOGLOBIN UTILIZATION IMPROVED BY METHIONINE BUT NOT BY ISOLEUCINE.
Dog hemoglobin parenterally well utilized to maintain weight and nitrogen balance; utilization improved by dl-methionine but not by dl-isoleucine.
PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION INFLUENCED BY AMINO ACID MIXTURES AND LACK OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS : A DEFICIENCY STATE RELATED TO UNKNOWN FACTORS.
TOLERANCE TO AMINO ACID MIXTURES AND CASEIN DIGESTS GIVEN INTRAVENOUSLY : GLUTAMIC ACID RESPONSIBLE FOR REACTIONS.
AMINO ACID MIXTURES EFFECTIVE PARENTERALLY FOR LONG CONTINUED PLASMA PROTEIN PRODUCTION. CASEIN DIGESTS COMPARED.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C16434
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB33923
FooDB:FDB012123
Export Tariff Code:2922.49.4050
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex Yes
Molecular weight 131.17500305176
Melting Point 290 to 292°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 225 to 226°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 0.031 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value 110 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 0.799 est
Solubility
water, 2.191e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
water, 2.23E+04 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) Yes
alcohol No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Odorless
Odor strength none
General comment At 100.00 %. odorless
Flavor Type: Bitter
bitter
General comment Bitter

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
special dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for dextro,laevo-isoleucine usage levels up to:
not for fragrance use.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 5.20 (μg/capita/day)
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 5
Click here to view publication 5
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -50.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -50.00000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: -50.00000
cheese: --
chewing gum: --
condiments / relishes: -50.00000
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: --
fruit ices: --
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: -50.00000
hard candy: --
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: -50.00000
milk products: -50.00000
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: -50.00000
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Amino acids from chemical group 34 Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1 - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 79, (FGE.79)[1] - Consideration of amino acids and related substances evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to amino acids from chemical group 34 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.26Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of the use of amino acids (chemical group 34) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):443-79-8
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :791
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WGK Germany:1
2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid
Chemidplus:0000443798