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ethyl lactate

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name ethyl lactate
Trivial Name Ethyl lactate
Short Description propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
Formula C5 H10 O3
CAS Number 97-64-3
Deleted CAS Number 2676-33-7
FEMA Number 2440
Flavis Number 9.433
ECHA Number 202-598-0
FDA UNII F3P750VW8I
Nikkaji Number J4.732E
Beilstein Number 1209448
MDL MFCD00065359
COE Number 371
xLogP3-AA 0.20 (est)
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 931 ethyl lactate
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 97-64-3 ; ETHYL LACTATE
Synonyms
  • actylol
  • acytol
  • ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
  • ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate
  • ethyl alpha-hydroxypropionate
  • ethyl lactate (ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate)
  • ethyl lactate (natural)
  • ethyl lactate electronic grade
  • ethyl lactate FCC
  • ethyl lactate FCC natural
  • ethyl lactate natural
  • ethyl lactate natural fcc
  • ethyl lactate solvent grade
  • ethyl lactate synthetic
  • ethyl-lactate supra
  • 2-hydroxypropanoic acid ethyl ester
  • 2-hydroxypropionic acid ethyl ester
  • lactic acid ethyl ester
  • propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester
  • solactol
  • Lactic acid, ethyl ester
  • Ethyl α-hydroxypropionate
  • Purasolv ELS
  • Ethyl rac-lactate
  • (±)-Ethyl lactate
  • DL-Ethyl lactate
  • dl-Lactic acid ethyl ester
  • (±)-Lactic acid ethyl ester
  • (±)-Ethyl 2-hydroxypropionate
  • 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid ethyl ester
  • Vertec ELS
  • NSC 8850
  • PBR 40
  • VertecBio EL
  • Purasolv EL
  • Galaster ELIDL 98

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:97-64-3
Pubchem (cid):7344
Pubchem (sid):134970641
Flavornet:97-64-3
Publications by PubMed
Development of a hybrid fermentation-enzymatic bioprocess for the production of ethyl lactate from dairy waste.
Discrimination of varietal wines according to their volatiles.
In situ Metabolic Characteristic Analysis Reveals the Key Yeast in the Spontaneous and Solid-state Fermentation Process of Chinese Light-style Liquor.
Combining mass spectrometry diagnostic and density functional theory calculations for a better understanding of the plasma polymerization of ethyl lactate.
Melamine and melamine-formaldehyde polymers as ligands for palladium and application to Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in sustainable solvents.
Effect of alcohol aggregation on the retention factors of chiral solutes with an amylose-based sorbent: modeling and implications for the adsorption mechanism.
Application of High-Resolution MALDI-TOFMS with a Spiral Ion Trajectory for the Structural Characterization of Free Radical Polymerized Methacrylate Ester Copolymers.
Canine superficial bacterial folliculitis: current understanding of its etiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Characterization of aroma compounds of Chinese famous liquors by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and flash GC electronic-nose.
Effect of five enological practices and of the general phenolic composition on fermentation-related aroma compounds in Mencia young red wines.
Comparative volatile profiles in soy sauce according to inoculated microorganisms.
Investigation of the impacts of ethyl lactate based Fenton treatment on soil quality for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soils.
Chiral recognition mechanism of acyloin-containing chiral solutes by amylose tris[(S)-α-methylbenzylcarbamate].
Eco-solvents--cluster-formation, surfactantless microemulsions and facilitated hydrotropy.
A four-component synthetic attractant for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) isolated from fermented bait headspace.
Reductive degradation of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using an activated magnesium/co-solvent system.
More evidence on the control of reverse micelles sizes. Combination of different techniques as a powerful tool to monitor AOT reversed micelles properties.
Fermentative aroma compounds and sensory profiles of Godello and Albariño wines as influenced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains.
Residual antibacterial activity of dog hairs after therapy with antimicrobial shampoos.
Multivariate evaluation and optimization of an activated-magnesium/co-solvent system for the reductive degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Performance evaluation of Pichia kluyveri, Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in industrial tequila fermentation.
Asymmetric synthesis and anti-protozoal activity of the 8,4'-oxyneolignans virolin, surinamensin and analogues.
Rheological behavior of xanthan gum solution related to shear thinning fluid delivery for subsurface remediation.
Redox effect on volatile compound formation in wine during fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Identification and field evaluation of fermentation volatiles from wine and vinegar that mediate attraction of spotted wing Drosophila, Drosophila suzukii.
Total synthesis of (-)-orthodiffenes A and C.
Mobile decontamination units-room for improvement?
Investigating high-concentration monoclonal antibody powder suspension in nonaqueous suspension vehicles for subcutaneous injection.
Buffer gas modifiers effect resolution in ion mobility spectrometry through selective ion-molecule clustering reactions.
Modular polylactic acid microparticle-based scaffolds prepared via microfluidic emulsion/solvent displacement process: fabrication, characterization, and in vitro mesenchymal stem cells interaction study.
Asymmetric synthesis and CD investigation of the 1,4-benzodioxane lignans eusiderins A, B, C, G, L, and M.
Fast and selective sugar conversion to alkyl lactate and lactic acid with bifunctional carbon-silica catalysts.
Aroma chemical composition of red wines from different price categories and its relationship to quality.
Effect of co-inoculation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus fermentum on the quality of the distilled sugar cane beverage cachaça.
Preparation of biodegradable polylactide microparticles via a biocompatible procedure.
Biodegradation of semiconductor volatile organic compounds by four novel bacterial strains: a kinetic analysis.
Cyclosporin pro-dispersion liposphere formulation.
Evaluation of solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ethyl lactate/water versus ethanol/water mixtures for contaminated soil remediation applications.
De novo synthesis of L-colitose and L-rhodinose building blocks.
Comparative metabolic profiling to investigate the contribution of O. oeni MLF starter cultures to red wine composition.
Evaluation of factors influencing the enantioselective enzymatic esterification of lactic acid in ionic liquid.
Syntheses and characterization of copper(II) carboxylate dimers formed from enantiopure ligands containing a strong π···π stacking synthon: enantioselective single-crystal to single-crystal gas/solid-mediated transformations.
Comparative in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial shampoos: a pilot study.
Evaluation of different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains on the profile of volatile compounds and polyphenols in cherry wines.
Characterization of odor-active compounds of various cherry wines by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-olfactometry and their correlation with sensory attributes.
Synthesis and characterization of chiral compounds containing cationic groups as chiral dopants in liquid crystals.
Chemical and sensory changes in fresh cider spirits during maturation in inert containers.
Copper(II) carboxylate tetramers formed from an enantiopure ligand containing a π-stacking supramolecular synthon: single-crystal to single-crystal enantioselective ligand exchange.
Responses of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus adults to selected synthetic palm esters: electroantennographic studies and trap catches in an urban environment.
Relationship between changes in the total concentration of acetic acid bacteria and major volatile compounds during the acetic acid fermentation of white wine.
Ethyl lactate-EDTA composite system enhances the remediation of the cadmium-contaminated soil by autochthonous willow (Salix x aureo-pendula CL 'J1011') in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
An attempt towards simultaneous biobased solvent based extraction of proteins and enzymatic saccharification of cellulosic materials from distiller's grains and solubles.
Immobilization of Candida antarctica lipase B by adsorption in organic medium.
Indole derivatives from a marine sponge-derived yeast as DPPH radical scavengers.
Insights into the ethyl lactate + water mixed solvent.
Ethyl lactate enhances ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid solution removal of copper from contaminated soils.
Simultaneous removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and copper from soils using ethyl lactate-amended EDDS solution.
A poly(D,L-lactide) resin for the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds by stereolithography.
Efficient synthesis of enantiomeric ethyl lactate by Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)-displaying yeasts.
Carotenoid extraction from plants using a novel, environmentally friendly solvent.
Effects of elevated CO2 on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.): volatile composition, phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity of red wine.
Enhanced oral bioavailability of puerarin using microemulsion vehicle.
Gas chromatographic characteristics and application studies of the stationary phase of CH-B-15-C-5.
Ethyl pyruvate and ethyl lactate down-regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulate expression of immune receptors.
Quantitative ester analysis in cachaca and distilled spirits by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
The tandem ring-closing metathesis-isomerization approach to 6-deoxyglycals.
Monomer versus alcohol activation in the 4-dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactide and lactic O-carboxylic anhydride.
Laboratory investigation of flux reduction from dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) partial source zone remediation by enhanced dissolution.
Homochiral laminar europium metal-organic framework with unprecedented giant dielectric anisotropy.
Multiferroic homochiral metal-organic framework.
Ethyl pyruvate, a potentially effective mitigator of damage after total-body irradiation.
Design of concise, scalable route to a cholecystokinin 1 (CCK 1) receptor antagonist.
Determination of volatile compounds in cider spirits by gas chromatography with direct injection.
Sucrose acetate isobutyrate as an in situ forming system for sustained risperidone release.
[Rheological properties of sucrose acetate isobutyrate in situ gel].
Evaluation of kinetic parameters for enzymatic interesterification synthesis of L-ascorbyl lactate by response surface methodology.
Cardiovascular effects of selected water-miscible solvents for pharmaceutical injections and embolization materials: a comparative hemodynamic study using a sheep model.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of jet-cooled chiral (+/-)-indan-1-ol and its cluster with (+/-)-methyl- and ethyl-lactate.
Organic solvents as vehicles for precipitating liquid embolics: a comparative angiotoxicity study with superselective injections of swine rete mirabile.
Quantification of selected volatile constituents and anions in Mexican Agave spirits (Tequila, Mezcal, Sotol, Bacanora).
Clinical and instrumental evaluation of skin improvement after treatment with a new 50% pyruvic acid peel.
Lipase-catalyzed transformations for the synthesis of butyl lactate: a comparison between esterification and transesterification.
NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF MS characterisation of end-functionalised PVP oligomers prepared with different esters as chain transfer agents.
Identification of components of male-produced pheromone of coffee white stemborer, Xylotrechus quadripes.
Chiral recognition between lactic acid derivatives and an aromatic alcohol in a supersonic expansion: electronic and vibrational spectroscopy.
Characterization of volatile compounds of Mezcal, an ethnic alcoholic beverage obtained from Agave salmiana.
Changes in the concentration of yeast-derived volatile compounds of red wine during malolactic fermentation with four commercial starter cultures of Oenococcus oeni.
Volatile composition and sensory characters of commercial Galician orujo spirits.
Oxoester oxidoreductase activities in new isolates of Pichia anomala from apple, grape and cane juices.
Dissociation of gas-phase dimeric complexes of lactic acid and transition-metal ions formed under electrospray ionization conditions; the role of reduction of the metal ion.
Biocatalysis using an organic-soluble enzyme for the preparation of poly(lactic acid) in organic solvents.
Gas chromatographic quantification of major volatile compounds and polyols in wine by direct injection.
End-functionalised 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone oligomers bearing lactate functions at one end.
Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene by a mixed bacterial culture growing on ethyl lactate.
Opportunities in the industrial biobased products industry.
The potential of organic-based amylose-ethylcellulose film coatings as oral colon-specific drug delivery systems.
Self-organization of lactates in the gas phase.
Determination of enantiomeric excess using the ultraviolet-circular dichroism and the high-performance liquid chromatography-circular dichroism methods.
Biorefinery.
Different multidimensional chromatographic approaches applied to the study of wine malolactic fermentation.
Effects of an ethyl lactate shampoo in conjunction with a systemic antibiotic in the treatment of canine superficial bacterial pyoderma in an open-label, nonplacebo-controlled study.
[Preparation and evaluation of in-situ synthesis zeolite gas-liquid modified columns].
[Study on mixed stationary phase composed of 2,3,6-tributyl-beta-cyclodextrin and AgNO3 for capillary gas chromatography].
[Preparation of gas chromatographic capillary columns with beta-cyclodextrin polymer stationary phase modified with methyl phenyl silicone(OV-17)].
Unexpected change of the sense of the enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate catalyzed by a Pt-alumina-cinchona alkaloid system.
Straightforward synthesis of two pairs of enantiomeric butenolides 3-tetradecyl- and 3-hexadecyl-5-methyl-2(5H)-furanone.
The occurrence of malolactic fermentation in brandy base wine and its influence on brandy quality.
Generation of roasted notes based on 2-acetyl-2-thiazoline and its precursor, 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydrothiazole, by combined bio and thermal approaches.
Characterization of the aromatic profile in aqueous essence and fruit juice of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims F. Flavicarpa degner) by GC-MS and GC/O.
Volatile components of Loureira, Dona Branca, and Treixadura wines.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclopropanes. Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of (1S,2S)-2,3-Methanoamino Acids.
Enantioselective syntheses of monotetrahydrofuran Annonaceous acetogenins tonkinecin and annonacin starting from carbohydrates.
Sonochemical enantioselective hydrogenation of ethyl pyruvate over platinum catalysts.
Comparative hemolytic activity of undiluted organic water-miscible solvents for intravenous and intra-arterial injection.
Organic solvents for pharmaceutical parenterals and embolic liquids: a review of toxicity data.
Total synthesis of (+)-blastmycinone, (-)-litsenolide C1, and related natural trisubstituted lactones via alkynyltungsten compounds.
The properties of amylose-ethylcellulose films cast from organic-based solvents as potential coatings for colonic drug delivery.
Yeast influence on volatile composition of wines.
Personal decontamination after exposure to stimulated liquid phase contaminants: functional assessment of a new unit.
Safety assessment of lactate esters.
Chiral discrimination using piezoelectric and optical gas sensors.
Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of enantiomerically pure muscarinic agonists: difluoromuscarines.
Increased mutagenesis mediated by cloned plasmid CAM-OCT genes: potential for expanding substrate ranges of Pseudomonas spp.
Inhibition of pig liver esterase by trifluoromethyl ketones: modulators of the catalytic reaction alter inhibition kinetics.
Allergic contact dermatitis to ethyl lactate.
Ethyl lactate-ethanol-water cosolvent for intravenous theophylline.
The mode of action of ethyl lactate as a treatment for acne.
Direct separation of alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester enantiomers by gas chromatography with optically active copper(II) complexes.
Reduction of oral tetracycline of lipolysis of triglycerides in hair lipid.
[Clinical evaluation of a topical ethyl lactate treatment of acne vulgaris (author's transl)].
[Analytical characterization of varietal wines and aging phenomena].
[Experimental clinical study on the effect of ethyl lactate on lipolytic activity of the skin and cutaneous adipose tissue].
[On the reduction of free fatty acids in skin surface lipids as a criterium for the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial acne drugs. Studies on film masks containing ethyl lactate and ethanol (author's transl)].
Some properties of a protease (subtilisin BPN') immobilized to porous glass.
[Studies of the treatment of acne vulgaris using ethyl lactate. Effect of the effective agent and alcoholic base on lipids of the skin surface].
The alpha-chymotrypsin catalyzed hydrolysis of ethyl lactate.

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB40735
FooDB:FDB020545
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB01685
Export Tariff Code:2918.11.5100
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
grades: technical (96%).

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex Yes
Molecular weight 118.13230133057
Specific gravity @ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon 8.562 to 8.629
Refractive Index 1.408 to 1.422 @ 20 °C
Acid Value 1 max KOH/g
Vapor Pressure 1.163 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density 4.07
Flash Point TCC Value 48.89 °C TCC
logP (o/w) -0.039 est
Shelf life 12 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
alcohol Yes
isopropyl myristate Yes
water, 4.728e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) Yes
ether Yes
chloroform Yes
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp) Yes
paraffin oil No

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Fruity
sharp, tart, fruity, buttery, butterscotch, sweet, acidic, ethereal, brown
Odor strength high , recommend smelling in a 10.00 % solution or less
Substantivity 4 hour(s) at 100.00 %
Luebke, William tgsc, (1985) At 10.00 % in propylene glycol. sharp tart fruity buttery butterscotch
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 18, No. 4, 51, (1993) Sweet, fruity, acidic, etherial with a brown nuance
Flavor Type: Fruity
sweet, fruity, creamy, pineapple, caramellic, brown
Mosciano, Gerard P&F 18, No. 4, 51, (1993) At 50.00 ppm. Sweet, fruity, creamy, pineapple-like with a caramellic brown nuance
General comment MILD, FRUITY-ETHEREAL, BUTTERY

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 10 - Flammable.
R 37 - Irritating to respiratory system.
R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking.
S 23 - Do not breath vapour.
S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 39 - Wear eye/face protection.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Human Experience:
8 % solution: no irritation or sensitization.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 8200 mg/kg
International Journal of Toxicology. Vol. 17(Suppl

oral-mouse LD50 2500 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 65, Pg. 89, 1939.

intravenous-mouse LD50 600 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 65, Pg. 89, 1939.

intramuscular-guinea pig LDLo 2605 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 76, Pg. 189, 1942.

intraperitoneal-rat LDLo 1000 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: OTHER CHANGES BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE WEAKNESS LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: CYANOSIS
Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. Vol. 11, Pg. 150, 1959.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 5000 mg/kg
Food and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 20, Pg. 677, 1982.

subcutaneous-mouse LD50 2500 mg/kg
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. Vol. 65, Pg. 89, 1939.

Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavor and fragrance agents, carrier solvents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for ethyl lactate usage levels up to:
12.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 1600.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 760.00 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -71.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -5.40000
beverages(alcoholic): -1000.00000
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: 580.000003100.00000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: --
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -17.00000
fruit ices: -17.00000
gelatins / puddings: -8.30000
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -28.00000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 64 (FGE.64): Consideration of aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related substances evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to aliphatic primary and secondary saturated and unsaturated alcohols, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids and esters containing an additional oxygenated functional group and lactones from chemical groups 9, 13 and 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.10Rev1 (EFSA, 2008ab)
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):97-64-3
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7344
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
WISER:UN 1192
WGK Germany:1
ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate
Chemidplus:0000097643
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:OD5075000 for cas# 97-64-3