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benzoic acid

Chemical Structure

General Material Information

Preferred name benzoic acid
Trivial Name Benzoic acid
Short Description phenylcarboxylic acid
Formula C7 H6 O2
CAS Number 65-85-0
Deleted CAS Number 8013-63-6
FEMA Number 2131
Flavis Number 8.021
ECHA Number 200-618-2
FDA UNII 8SKN0B0MIM
Nikkaji Number J2.358B
Beilstein Number 0636131
MDL MFCD00002398
COE Number 21
Bio Activity Summary External link
NMR Predictor External link
JECFA Food Flavoring 850 benzoic acid
FDA Patent No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm 65-85-0 ; BENZOIC ACID
Synonyms
  • benzene carboxylic acid
  • benzene formic acid
  • benzene methanoic acid
  • benzenecarboxylic acid
  • benzeneformic acid
  • benzenemethanoic acid
  • nat. benzoic acid
  • benzoic acid crystal FCC
  • benzoic acid natural
  • benzoic acid U.S.P.
  • benzoic acid USP FCC granular
  • benzoic acid USP/EP/JP
  • carboxybenzene
  • diacylic acid
  • dracyclic acid
  • dracylic acid
  • oracylic acid
  • phenyl carboxylic acid
  • phenyl formic acid
  • phenylcarbinolum
  • phenylcarboxylic acid
  • phenylformic acid
  • retardex
  • tenn-plas
  • unisept BZA
  • Retarder BA
  • Salvo liquid
  • Solvo powder
  • HA 1
  • E 210
  • HA 1 (acid)
  • NSC 149
  • MENNO-Florades
  • Purox B
  • VevoVitall
  • MeSH ID: D019817

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Literature & References

benzoic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:65-85-0
Pubchem (cid):243
Pubchem (sid):134972781
Flavornet:65-85-0
Pherobase:View
Publications by PubMed
Acidic organic compounds in beverage, food, and feed production.
Development of an effective treatment for A 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli in refrigerated pickle products.
Co-culturing of Pichia guilliermondii enhanced volatile flavor compound formation by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in the model system of Thai soy sauce fermentation.
Influence of bleaching on flavor of 34% whey protein concentrate and residual benzoic acid concentration in dried whey proteins.
The compositions of volatiles and aroma-active compounds in dried omija fruits (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) according to the cultivation areas.
Fermented vegetables containing benzoic and ascorbic acids as additives: benzene formation during storage and impact of additives on quality parameters.
Identification of bisprenylated benzoic acid derivatives from yerba santa (Eriodictyon ssp.) using sensory-guided fractionation.
Encapsulation of flavor molecules, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, into layered inorganic nanoparticles for controlled release of flavor.
New bitter-masking compounds: hydroxylated benzoic acid amides of aromatic amines as structural analogues of homoeriodictyol.
Cinnamate metabolism in ripening fruit. Characterization of a UDP-glucose:cinnamate glucosyltransferase from strawberry.
The FEMA GRAS assessment of benzyl derivatives used as flavor ingredients.
Influence of thermal processing conditions on flavor stability in fluid milk: benzaldehyde.
Flavor composition of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and marmeleiro (Croton species) honeys.
Amino acid catabolism and generation of volatiles by lactic acid bacteria.
3,4-Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-beta-ionone 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and other glycosidic constituents from apple leaves.
Tyrosine and phenylalanine catabolism by Lactobacillus cheese flavor adjuncts.
[Adverse reactions induced by food additives: sulfites].
Microbial catabolism of procyanidins by human gut microbiota.
Synthesis of Mannich bases: 2-(3-Phenylaminopropionyloxy)-benzoic acid and 3-Phenylamino-1-(2,4,6-trimethoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one, their toxicity, ionization constant, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using lingonberry and cranberry juices and their antimicrobial activity.
A novel ionic liquid-modified organic-polymer monolith as the sorbent for in-tube solid-phase microextraction of acidic food additives.
Imatinib mesylate.
Sorbate and benzoate in Turkish retail foodstuffs.
In vitro anti-osteoporosis properties of diverse Korean Drynariae rhizoma phenolic extracts.
In vitro effects of quercetin on oxidative stress mediated in human erythrocytes by benzoic acid and citric acid.
Does a sorghum-cowpea composite porridge hold promise for contributing to alleviating oxidative stress?
Relation of sensory perception with chemical composition of bioprocessed lingonberry.
Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 entry by chloride channel inhibitors tamoxifen and NPPB.
Determination of synthetic by-products and an intermediate in the colour additives D&C Red Nos 27 and 28 (phloxine B) and their lakes using conventional HPLC.
Analysis of interaction of phenolic compounds with the cholecystokinin signaling pathway to explain effects on reducing food intake.
Accurate determination of reference materials and natural isolates by means of quantitative (1)h NMR spectroscopy.
New polyglucopyranosyl and polyarabinopyranosyl of fatty acid derivatives from the fruits of Lycium chinense and its antioxidant activity.
Concentrations and composition profiles of parabens in currency bills and paper products including sanitary wipes.
Inhibitory activity of carbonyl compounds on alcoholic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Simultaneous determination of sorbic and benzoic acids in milk products using an optimised microextraction technique followed by gas chromatography.
A study on chemical composition and detection of chemical adulteration in tetra pack milk samples commercially available in Multan.
Nonanthocyanin secondary metabolites of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) fruits: identification by HPLC-DAD, NMR, HPLC-ESI-MS, and ESI-MS/MS analyses.
Acidic organic compounds in beverage, food, and feed production.
Online dynamic pH junction-sweeping for the determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in food products by capillary electrophoresis.
Flow cytometry immunodetection and membrane integrity assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ready-to-eat pasta salad during refrigerated storage.
Phenolic metabolites of anthocyanins following a dietary intervention study in post-menopausal women.
Simultaneous separation and determination of five organic acids in beverages and fruits by capillary electrophoresis using diamino moiety functionalized silica nanoparticles as pseudostationary phase.
The mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol attenuates sodium nitroprusside-induced toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster: potential involvement of free radicals.
Chloride channel 4 is required for nerve growth factor-induced TrkA signaling and neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and cortical neurons.
Risk assessment of additives through soft drinks and nectars consumption on Portuguese population: a 2010 survey.
UV-MALDI mass spectrometric quantitation of uracil based pesticides in fruit soft drinks along with matrix effects evaluation.
Profiling of microbial-derived phenolic metabolites in human feces after moderate red wine intake.
Phenolic acids from wheat show different absorption profiles in plasma: a model experiment with catheterized pigs.
Hydroxyl radical induced by lipid in Maillard reaction model system promotes diet-derived N(ε)-carboxymethyllysine formation.
Dioscin, a natural steroid saponin, induces apoptosis and DNA damage through reactive oxygen species: a potential new drug for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
[Simultaneous determination of twelve sweeteners and nine preservatives in foods by solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS].
Obesity-related metabolomic analysis of human subjects in black soybean peptide intervention study by ultraperformance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Extreme resistance to weak-acid preservatives in the spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Determination of 5-log reduction times for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, or Listeria monocytogenes in acidified foods with pH 3.5 or 3.8 3.
Role of oxidative stress in cytotoxicity of grape seed extract in human bladder cancer cells.
A comparative analysis of essential oils of Goniothalamus macrocalyx Ban., Goniothalamus albiflorus Ban. and Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. & Gagnep. from Vietnam.
Biosynthesis of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) by plant peroxisomes and its integration into signaling molecule synthesis pathways.
Growth and membrane fluidity of food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of weak acid preservatives and hydrochloric acid.
Indirect homologous competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of a class of glycosylated dihydrochalcones.
Micronized benzoic acid decreases the concentration necessary to preserve acidic beverages against Alicyclobacillus.
Metabolic profiling of phenolic acids and oxidative stress markers after consumption of Lonicera caerulea L. fruit.
Evolution of the aromatic profile in Garnacha Tintorera grapes during raisining and comparison with that of the naturally sweet wine obtained.
Effect of torrefaction for the pretreatment of rice straw for ethanol production.
Rapid determination of parabens in personal care products by stable isotope GC-MS/MS with dynamic selected reaction monitoring.
Checking for completeness of 24-h urine collection using para-amino benzoic acid not necessary in the Observing Protein and Energy Nutrition study.
Interaction between cAMP, volume‑regulated anion channels and the Na+‑HCO3‑‑cotransporter, NBCe1, in the regulation of nutrient‑ and hypotonicity‑induced insulin release from isolated rat pancreatic islets and tumoral insulin‑producing BRIN‑BD11 cells.
Sorbic and benzoic acid in non-preservative-added food products in Turkey.
Phenolics and antioxidant activity of mulberry leaves depend on cultivar and harvest month in southern china.
Analysis of phenolic compounds in olive oil by solid-phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Effect of the chemical specificity of benzoic acid and its analogs on osmotic fragility in erythrocytes of Sprague-Dawley rats in vitro.
Synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 prevents diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance.
Bioactive microconstituents and antioxidant properties of wild edible mushrooms from the island of Lesvos, Greece.
Development of an effective treatment for A 5-log reduction of Escherichia coli in refrigerated pickle products.
Co-culturing of Pichia guilliermondii enhanced volatile flavor compound formation by Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in the model system of Thai soy sauce fermentation.
Assessing the effect, on animal model, of mixture of food additives, on the water balance.
Transepithelial transport of 6-O-caffeoylsophorose across Caco-2 cell monolayers.
Adsorption of benzoic acid, phthalic acid on gold substrates studied by surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.
Comparing organic acids and salt derivatives as antimicrobials against selected poultry-borne Listeria monocytogenes strains in vitro.
[Determination of sixteen food additives in beverage by capillary zone electrophoresis].
DNA damage in human lymphocytes exposed to four food additives in vitro.
Headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry analysis of volatile compounds in pineapple breads.
Food avoidance diets for systemic, lip, and oral contact allergy: an american contact alternatives group article.
Effect of organic acids on Salmonella colonization and shedding in weaned piglets in a seeder model.
Identification of a novel phenolic compound in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) pericarp and bioactivity evaluation.
[Benzene in soft drinks: a study in Florence (Italy)].
Analysis of nine food additives in red wine by ion-suppression reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using trifluoroacetic acid and ammonium acetate as ion-suppressors.
Application of dispersive solid-phase extraction and ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry in food additive residue analysis of red wine.
What happens if people start drinking mouthwash as surrogate alcohol? A quantitative risk assessment.
Antimicrobial activity and composition profile of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace extracts obtained by supercritical fluids.
Characterization of differential cocaine metabolism in mouse and rat through metabolomics-guided metabolite profiling.
Stability of bioactive polyphenols from honey during different extraction methods.
Quantitative analysis of the modes of growth inhibition by weak organic acids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Screening of different stress factors and development of growth/no growth models for Zygosaccharomyces rouxii in modified Sabouraud medium, mimicking intermediate moisture foods (IMF).
Absolute quantification for benzoic acid in processed foods using quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Multi-detection of preservatives in cheeses by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Effects of parabens on adipocyte differentiation.
Antioxidant capacity of teas and herbal infusions: polarographic assessment.
[Highly efficient and rapid capillary electrophoretic analysis of seven organic acid additives in beverages using polymeric ionic liquid as additive].
Growth-inhibiting, bactericidal, and urease inhibitory effects of Paeonia lactiflora root constituents and related compounds on antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori.
Programed nebulizing-gas pressure mode for quantitative capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry analysis of endocrine disruptors in honey.
Determination of synthetic by-products and an intermediate in the colour additive D&C Orange No. 5 using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Classification and characterization of manuka honeys based on phenolic compounds and methylglyoxal.
Larvicidal activity of ajowan ( Trachyspermum ammi ) and Peru balsam ( Myroxylon pereira ) oils and blends of their constituents against mosquito, Aedes aegypti , acute toxicity on water flea, Daphnia magna , and aqueous residue.
Quantitation of flavanols, proanthocyanidins, isoflavones, flavanones, dihydrochalcones, stilbenes, benzoic acid derivatives using ultraviolet absorbance after identification by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Susceptibility of food-contaminating Penicillium genus fungi to some preservatives and disinfectants.
Alkylresorcinol metabolite concentrations in spot urine samples correlated with whole grain and cereal fiber intake but showed low to modest reproducibility over one to three years in U.S. women.
Estimated daily intake of benzoic acid through food additives in adult population of South East Serbia.
Probing the NADH- and Methyl Red-binding site of a FMN-dependent azoreductase (AzoA) from Enterococcus faecalis.
Field enhancement sample stacking for analysis of organic acids in traditional Chinese medicine by capillary electrophoresis.
[Detection of benzoyl peroxide in wheat flour by NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique].
[Influences of ion-suppressors on retention behaviors of nine food additives in reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic separation].
Exposure assessment of food preservatives (sulphites, benzoic and sorbic acid) in Austria.
Antioxidant, antimicrobial, 15-LOX, and AGEs inhibitions by pineapple stem waste.
Effect of diet composition and mixture of selected food additives on the erythrocytic system and iron metabolism in peripheral blood of male rats.
Assessment of antioxidant potentials of free and bound phenolics of Hemidesmus indicus (L) R.Br against oxidative damage.
Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 Adapts to the Presence of Sodium Chloride, Monosodium Glutamate, and Benzoic Acid after Extended Culture.
An optical test strip for the detection of benzoic acid in food.
Survey of benzoic acid in cheeses: contribution to the estimation of an admissible maximum limit.
Protective effect of Calamintha officinalis Moench leaves against alcohol-induced gastric mucosa injury in rats. Macroscopic, histologic and phytochemical analysis.
Polar compounds isolated from the leaves of Albertisia delagoensis (Menispermaceae).
Determination of benzoyl peroxide, as benzoic acid, in wheat flour by capillary electrophoresis compared with HPLC.
Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted microspheres for solid-phase extraction of 1,4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters in soy.
Encapsulation of the ethylene inhibitor 1-Methylcyclopropene by cucurbit[6]uril.
Influence of bleaching on flavor of 34% whey protein concentrate and residual benzoic acid concentration in dried whey proteins.
Review article: cinnamon- and benzoate-free diet as a primary treatment for orofacial granulomatosis.
[The estimation of intake of selected and permissible preservatives used in food industry among people from Podlaskie voivodeship].
The compositions of volatiles and aroma-active compounds in dried omija fruits (Schisandra chinensis Baillon) according to the cultivation areas.
Antimicrobial effects of weak acids on the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 under anaerobic conditions.
Fluorescent HPLC for the detection of specific protein oxidation carbonyls - α-aminoadipic and γ-glutamic semialdehydes - in meat systems.
Simultaneous determination of some food additives in soft drinks and other liquid foods by flow injection on-line dialysis coupled to high performance liquid chromatography.
Fast and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography analysis of cosmetic creams for hydroquinone, phenol and six preservatives.
A new total antioxidant potential measurements using RP-HPLC assay with fluorescence detection.
In vitro antioxidant and radical scavenging of Guinean kinkeliba leaf (Combretum micranthum G. Don) extracts.
[Simultaneous determination of six food additives in meat products by high performance liquid chromatography].
The effect of chemical treatment on reduction of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in black and white pepper during washing.
Fermented vegetables containing benzoic and ascorbic acids as additives: benzene formation during storage and impact of additives on quality parameters.
A limited LCA of bio-adipic acid: manufacturing the nylon-6,6 precursor adipic acid using the benzoic acid degradation pathway from different feedstocks.
Uncommonly high levels of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and antioxidant capacity in the leaf sheaths of dye sorghum.
Metabolism of a new herbicide, [(14)c]pyribenzoxim, in rice.
Metabolism of [(14)c]chlorantraniliprole in the lactating goat.
Development of a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the detection of melamine in milk and milk powder.
Identification and characterization of 4-hexylbenzoic acid and 4-nonyloxybenzoic acid as substrates of CYP102A1.
Inhibitory effect of organic acids on arcobacters in culture and their use for control of Arcobacter butzleri on chicken skin.
Determination of preservatives by integrative coupling method of headspace liquid-phase microextraction and capillary zone electrophoresis.
Patch testing for food-associated allergies in orofacial granulomatosis.
Broad-specificity immunoassay for O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides: application of molecular modeling to improve assay sensitivity and study antibody recognition.
Colonic metabolites of berry polyphenols: the missing link to biological activity?
Improved characterization of tomato polyphenols using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
Amplification strategy based on gold nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes for neomycin immunosensors.
Targeting of the orphan receptor GPR35 by pamoic acid: a potent activator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and β-arrestin2 with antinociceptive activity.
[Simultaneous determination of various aseptics and sweeteners in milk and dairy products].
Determination of food grade antioxidants using microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography.
Response surface optimization of the cultivation conditions and medium components for the production of folate by Streptococcus thermophilus.
Adsorption and oxidative transformation of phenolic acids By Fe(III)-montmorillonite.
The effect of pH and chemical preservatives on the growth of bacterial isolates from some Nigerian packaged fruit juices.
Proteinase-activated receptors-1 and 2 induce electrogenic Cl- secretion in the mouse cecum by distinct mechanisms.
Alteration of the phospho- or neutral lipid content and fatty acid composition in Listeria monocytogenes due to acid adaptation mechanisms for hydrochloric, acetic and lactic acids at pH 5.5 or benzoic acid at neutral pH.
Estimated intake of benzoic and sorbic acids in Denmark.
Phenolic compounds in cherry ( Prunus avium ) heartwood with a view to their use in cooperage.
Level of chemical and microbiological contaminations in chili bo (paste).
Monitoring of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn in wastewater during treatment in a horizontal rotating tubular bioreactor.
New in vitro dermal absorption database and the prediction of dermal absorption under finite conditions for risk assessment purposes.
Assessment of genotoxic effects of benzyl derivatives by the comet assay.
Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and ascorbic acid using a net analyte signal-based method.
Evaluation of Fructooligosaccharides and Inulins as Potentially Health Benefiting Food Ingredients by HPAEC-PED and MALDI-TOF MS.
Identification of bisprenylated benzoic acid derivatives from yerba santa (Eriodictyon ssp.) using sensory-guided fractionation.
Anthocyanin absorption, metabolism, and distribution from a wild blueberry-enriched diet (Vaccinium angustifolium) is affected by diet duration in the Sprague-Dawley rat.
Anti-inflammatory drugs selectively target sporangium development in Mucor.
Improved extraction and identification by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of phenolic compounds in burdock leaves.
Development and validation of an extensive growth and growth boundary model for Listeria monocytogenes in lightly preserved and ready-to-eat shrimp.
Cell volume decrease as a link between azaspiracid-induced cytotoxicity and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase activation in cultured neurons.
A metabolite profiling approach to identify biomarkers of flavonoid intake in humans.
Extension of the anaerobic digestion model No. 1 (ADM1) to include phenol compounds biodegradation processes for simulating the anaerobic co-digestion of olive mill wastes at mesophilic temperature.
Application of separated leaf cell suspension to xenobiotic metabolism in plant.
Estimate of intake of benzoic acid in the Belgian adult population.
Dietary exposure of secondary school students in Hong Kong to benzoic acid in prepackaged non-alcoholic beverages.
The in vitro genotoxicity of benzoic acid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.
New CE-ESI-MS analytical method for the separation, identification and quantification of seven phenolic acids including three isomer compounds in virgin olive oil.
Persistence of metsulfuron-methyl in paddy field and detection of its residues in crop produce.
Production and characterization of a broad-specificity polyclonal antibody for O,O-diethyl organophosphorus pesticides and a quantitative structure-activity relationship study of antibody recognition.
Development of a yeast bio-assay to screen anti-mitochondrial drugs.
Influence of benzoic acid in high fibre diets on nutrient digestibility and VFA production in growing/finishing pigs.
Growth inhibition mode of action of selected benzoic acid derivatives against the yeast Pichia anomala.
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by acetate, benzoate and sorbate: weak acid tolerance is not influenced by the glutamate decarboxylase system.
Bioactive phenols in algae: the application of pressurized-liquid and solid-phase extraction techniques.
Study on the performance of the headspace liquid-phase microextraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the determination of sorbic and benzoic acids in soft drinks and environmental water samples.
Factors affecting the hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase/vinylphenol reductase activity of dekkera/brettanomyces: application for dekkera/brettanomyces control in red wine making.
Efficiency of propolis extract on faba bean plants and its role against nematode infection.
Molecular basis of female-specific odorant responses in Bombyx mori.
Salicylic acid sans aspirin in animals and man: persistence in fasting and biosynthesis from benzoic acid.
Bioavailability of [2-(14)C]quercetin-4'-glucoside in rats.
Design of a composite amperometric enzyme electrode for the control of the benzoic acid content in food.
Energetic and metabolic transient response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to benzoic acid.
Fractionation of antioxidants from autohydrolysis of barley husks.
Organophosphorus derivatives containing isatin-3-hydrazones as chemotherapeutants against fungal pathogens of sugarcane.
[Compound preservative and cyclamat determinated by gas chromatography].
Identification of antioxidants from Taraxacum mongolicum by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-radical-scavenging detection-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.
Characterization and distribution of phenolics in carrot cell walls.
Antioxidant capacity of seed coat, dehulled bean, and whole black soybeans in relation to their distributions of total phenolics, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and isoflavones.
Reducing added sugar intake in Norway by replacing sugar sweetened beverages with beverages containing intense sweeteners - a risk benefit assessment.
[Study on flavonoiels and phenolic acids from the herb of Lygodium japonicum].
Fate and impact on microorganisms of rice allelochemicals in paddy soil.
Monitoring the benzene contents in soft drinks using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: a survey of the situation on the belgian market.
Determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in food products using electrokinetic flow analysis-ion pair solid phase extraction-capillary zone electrophoresis.
Microbial changes and growth of Listeria monocytogenes during chilled storage of brined shrimp (Pandalus borealis).
Modelling the inhibition of sorbic and benzoic acids on a native yeast cocktail from table olives.
Microbial growth and the effects of mild acidification and preservatives in refrigerated sweet potato puree.
[Simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of preservatives and saccharin in foods with HPLC, and identification with LC/MS/MS].
Transepithelial transport of flavanone in intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers.
Free-radical scavenging capacity using the fenton reaction with rhodamine B as the spectrophotometric indicator.
Synthesis and antiviral activities of amide derivatives containing the alpha-aminophosphonate moiety.
4-(2,5-Dihexyl-oxyphen-yl)benzoic acid.
Genotoxicity testing of four benzyl derivatives in the Drosophila wing spot test.
pH stat studies on bicarbonate secretion in the isolated mouse ileum.
Efficacy of two acidic sanitizers for microbial reduction on metal cans and low-density polyethylene film surfaces.
Comparative studies of the antioxidant effects of a naturally occurring resveratrol analogue -- trans-3,3',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene and resveratrol -- against oxidation and nitration of biomolecules in blood platelets.
Effect of 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzoic acid on an experimental model of hyperlipidaemia, induced by chronic ethanol treatment.
Inhibition effect of flavonoids on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in Caco-2 cells.
Caffeine induces macroautophagy and confers a cytocidal effect on food spoilage yeast in combination with benzoic acid.
Performance of a growth-no growth model for Listeria monocytogenes developed for mayonnaise-based salads: influence of strain variability, food matrix, inoculation level, and presence of sorbic and benzoic acid.
Ginger and its bioactive component inhibit enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin-induced diarrhea in mice.
Simultaneous determination of preservatives in soft drinks, yogurts and sauces by a novel solid-phase extraction element and thermal desorption-gas chromatography.
[Simultaneous determination of nine kinds of preservatives in foods by HPLC].
Soil metabolism of a new herbicide, [14C]Pyribenzoxim, under flooded conditions.
A simple and rapid method for simultaneous determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in food using in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography.
[Study of scavenging activity of sorghum pigment to hydroxyl free radicals by fluorimetry].
Transepithelial transport of alpha-lipoic acid across human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers.
On-line preconcentration of weak electrolytes by electrokinetic accumulation in CE: experiment and simulation.
Weakening of salmonella with selected microbial metabolites of berry-derived phenolic compounds and organic acids.
Improved HPLC-MS/MS method for determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in soils and forage plants.
Ion chromatographic determination of organic acids in food samples using a permanent coating graphite carbon column.
Efficiency of natural phenolic compounds regenerating alpha-tocopherol from alpha-tocopheroxyl radical.
Differentiation of young red wines based on chemometrics of minor polyphenolic constituents.
Off-line liquid chromatography-MALDI by with various matrices and tandem mass spectrometry for analysis of glycated human serum albumin tryptic peptides.
FaGT2: a multifunctional enzyme from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruits involved in the metabolism of natural and xenobiotic compounds.
Reaction pathways of the diketonitrile degradate of isoxaflutole with hypochlorite in water.
Physiological characterization of spoilage strains of Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii isolated from high sugar environments.
Involvement of radical species in inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in saline solutions by direct-current electric treatment.
New bitter-masking compounds: hydroxylated benzoic acid amides of aromatic amines as structural analogues of homoeriodictyol.
Influence of benzoic acid and dietary protein level on performance, nitrogen metabolism and urinary pH in growing-finishing pigs.
The SPI1 gene, encoding a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell wall protein, plays a prominent role in the development of yeast resistance to lipophilic weak-acid food preservatives.
Synthesis, discovery and mechanism of 2,6-dimethoxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)benzamide as potent depigmenting agent in the skin.
Growth stimulation of Brevibacterium sp. by siderophores.
Final report on the safety assessment of benzaldehyde.
Mobile-phase pH influence on the retention of some benzoic acid derivatives in reversed-phase chromatography.
Use of experimental design methodology to prepare Maillard reaction products from glucose and cysteine inhibitors of polyphenol oxidase from eggplant (Solanum melongena).
[Validity of a food frequency questionnaire to access dietary intake of adults.]
Difference in the volatile composition of pine-mushrooms (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) according to their grades.
Determination of 2,4,6-triiodoresorcinol and other side reaction products and intermediates in the colour additive FD&C Red No. 3 (erythrosine) using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Development and validation of an HPLC/UV/MS method for simultaneous determination of 18 preservatives in grapefruit seed extract.
Chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of commercial water-soluble willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium L.) extracts.
Simultaneous determination of sorbic and benzoic acids in food dressing by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography.
Cinnamate metabolism in ripening fruit. Characterization of a UDP-glucose:cinnamate glucosyltransferase from strawberry.
Synthesis of the food flavoring methyl benzoate by genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Combining organic acid treatment with steam pasteurization to eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on fully cooked frankfurters.
Biotransformation of p-coumaric acid by Paecilomyces variotii.
Selective extraction of derivates of p-hydroxy-benzoic acid from plant material by using a molecularly imprinted polymer.
Heterologous expression of the benzoate para-hydroxylase encoding gene (CYP53B1) from Rhodotorula minuta by Yarrowia lipolytica.
Antibacterial activity directed isolation of compounds from Onosma hispidum.
Consumer product in vitro digestion model: Bioaccessibility of contaminants and its application in risk assessment.
Salicylate activity. 1. Protection of plants from paraquat injury.
Weak acid and alkali stress regulate phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Analysis of acrylamide in food samples by capillary zone electrophoresis.
Structure influence on biophenols solubility in model biomembranes detected by differential scanning calorimetry.
Benzoate treatment and the glycine index in nonketotic hyperglycinaemia.
Effects of non-ionic surfactants on isotachophoretic separations of 2-arylpropionic acids.
Identification of rat urinary and fecal metabolites of a new herbicide, pyribenzoxim.
Analysis of volatile compounds in some typical Brazilian fruits and juices by SPME-GC method.
Risk assessment of combined photogenotoxic effects of sunlight and food additives.
Structural investigation of edible zein films/coatings and directly determining their thickness by FT-Raman spectroscopy.
The FEMA GRAS assessment of benzyl derivatives used as flavor ingredients.
Plasma membrane H+ and K+ transporters are involved in the weak-acid preservative response of disparate food spoilage yeasts.
Determination of preservatives in cosmetics and food samples by micellar liquid chromatography.
Simultaneous determination of preservatives (benzoic acid, sorbic acid, methylparaben and propylparaben) in foodstuffs using high-performance liquid chromatography.
A retinoid X receptor antagonist, HX531, improves leptin resistance without increasing plasma leptin level in KK-Ay mice under normal dietary conditions.
A model of the specific growth rate inhibition by weak acids in yeasts based on energy requirements.
Monitoring of the generation of non-mutagenic benzoic acid compounds during the manufacture of erythrosine.
Effect of far-infrared irradiation on the antioxidant activity of defatted sesame meal extracts.
Colorimetric analysis of protein sulfhydryl groups in milk: applications and processing effects.
Characterization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Helicobacter pylori. An aldehyde dismutating enzyme.
[Research progress in genetic engineering of plant secondary metabolism].
Characterization and purification of polyphenol oxidase from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.).
Acaricidal activity of Paeonia suffruticosa root bark-derived compounds against Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae).
Identification of phenolics for control of Aspergillus flavus using Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a model target-gene bioassay.
Influence of thermal processing conditions on flavor stability in fluid milk: benzaldehyde.
Potassium transport at the plasma membrane of the food spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Electrochemical evaluation of the inhibitory effects of weak acids on Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Evaluation of a new biosensor-based mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) tissue homogenate: investigation of certain phenolic compounds and some inhibitor effects.
Comprehensive study on vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of various polyphenolics in scavenging a free radical and its structural relationship.
Phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of Wendita calysina leaves (Burrito), a folk Paraguayan tea.
Benzoic acid, a weak organic acid food preservative, exerts specific effects on intracellular membrane trafficking pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Acetoin production as an indicator of growth and metabolic inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes.
Determination of benzoyl peroxide and benzoic acid in wheat flour by high-performance liquid chromatography and its identification by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
In vitro predictions of skin absorption of caffeine, testosterone, and benzoic acid: a multi-centre comparison study.
A spectroscopic study of the interaction of nigerloxin, a fungal metabolite, with serum albumin.
New method for the determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in commercial orange juices based on second-order spectrophotometric data generated by a pH gradient flow injection technique.
Antimicrobial edible films and coatings.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of zeins in mature maize kernels.
Enhancement of folates in plants through metabolic engineering.
GC-MS determination of flavonoids and phenolic and benzoic acids in human plasma after consumption of cranberry juice.
Degradation of isoxaflutole (balance) herbicide by hypochlorite in tap water.
Influence of distillation system, oak wood type, and aging time on composition of cider brandy in phenolic and furanic compounds.
Antibacterial activities of phenolic benzaldehydes and benzoic acids against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica.
Current internal exposure to pesticides in children and adolescents in Germany: urinary levels of metabolites of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides.
Differentiation of natural and synthetic phenylalanine and tyrosine through natural abundance 2H nuclear magnetic resonance.
Naturally occurring phenols: a detoxification strategy for fumonisin B1.
Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis: the physiology of a new species related to the spoilage yeasts Zygosaccharomyces lentus and Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Differential changes in taste perception induced by benzoic acid prickling.
Rationale and options for combination therapy in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Environmental effects caused by olive mill wastewaters: toxicity comparison of low-molecular-weight phenol components.
[Simultaneous rapid determination of eight food additives in foods by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography].
[Simultaneous determination of various food additives by high performance liquid chromatography].
Flavor composition of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) and marmeleiro (Croton species) honeys.
Detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the Listeria genus using an 'asymmetric' fluorogenic probe set and fluorescence resonance energy transfer based-PCR.
Nigerloxin, a novel inhibitor of aldose reductase and lipoxygenase with Free radical scavenging activity from Aspergillus niger CFR-W-105.
In vitro antibacterial activities of phloxine B and other halogenated fluoresceins against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Determination of isoxaflutole (balance) and its metabolites in water using solid phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet or mass spectrometry.
Effects of moisture, temperature, and biological activity on the degradation of isoxaflutole in soil.
Estimates of the mean per capita daily intake of benzoic and sorbic acids in Brazil.
Determination of mesotrione residues and metabolites in crops, soil, and water by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.
Separation, characterization, and quantitation of benzoic and phenolic antioxidants in American cranberry fruit by GC-MS.
Simultaneous determination of preservatives in beverages, vinegar, aqueous sauces, and quasi-drug drinks by stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and thermal desorption GC-MS.
Plasma membrane injury induced by nonyl gallate in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Degradation of biphenyl by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1.
Tyrosinase inhibitors of Pulsatilla cernua root-derived materials.
Estimation of preservative concentrations in foods and their daily intake based on official inspection results in Japan in fiscal year 1998.
Isolation and quantitative analysis of phenolic antioxidants, free sugars, and polyols from mango (Mangifera indica L.) stem bark aqueous decoction used in Cuba as a nutritional supplement.
New prenylated benzoic acid and other constituents from almond hulls (Prunus amygdalus Batsch).
Final report on the safety assessment of Benzyl Alcohol, Benzoic Acid, and Sodium Benzoate.
Simultaneous determination of artificial sweeteners, preservatives, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline in food and pharmaceutical preparations by ion chromatography.
Isolation of antioxidant compounds from orange juice by using countercurrent supercritical fluid extraction (CC-SFE).
The ZbYME2 gene from the food spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii confers not only YME2 functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but also the capacity for catabolism of sorbate and benzoate, two major weak organic acid preservatives.
Effect of natural phenolic acids on DNA oxidation in vitro.
Weak acid adaptation: the stress response that confers yeasts with resistance to organic acid food preservatives.
Analysis of phenolic acids in barley by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Tyrosine and phenylalanine catabolism by Lactobacillus cheese flavor adjuncts.
Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact.
Acid tolerance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its survival in apple juice.
Determination of benzoyl peroxide and benzoic acid levels by HPLC during wheat flour bleaching process.
Properties of polyethylene films with incorporated benzoic anhydride and/or ethyl and propyl esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and their suitability for food packaging.
[News in oral therapy of diabetes mellitus].
Colorimetric method for the determination of lipoxygenase activity.
Targeted gene deletion in Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Synthesis of dimethyl derivatives of imidazolinone herbicides: their use in efficient gas chromatographic methods for the determination of these herbicides.
Identification of synergistic interactions among microorganisms in biofilms by digital image analysis.
Adsorption and Chemical Modification of Phenols on a Silver Surface.
Review of prandial glucose regulation with repaglinide: a solution to the problem of hypoglycaemia in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes?
Cleavage of the diketonitrile derivative of the herbicide isoxaflutole by extracellular fungal oxidases.
Stimulation of Cl(-) secretion by L-alanine oligopeptides in the mammalian large intestine.
Effect of preservation techniques and food additives on staphylococcal thermonuclease.
Kinetics of abiotic hydrolysis of isoxaflutole: influence of pH and temperature in aqueous mineral buffered solutions.
Simultaneous determination of sweeteners and preservatives in preserved fruits by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.
Synergistic effects of food colors on the toxicity of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.
The role of allergy in oral mucosal diseases.
Degradation of primisulfuron by a combination of chemical and microbiological processes.
Effects of weak acid preservatives on the growth and thermal death of the yeast Pichia membranifaciens in a commercial apple juice.
Hippuric acid as a major excretion product associated with black tea consumption.
Simultaneous determination of benzoic acid and saccharin in soft drinks by using lanthanide-sensitized luminescence.
Metabolism of N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine by human cytochrome P-450 enzymes.
Influence of pH, benzoic acid, glutathione, EDTA, 4-hexylresorcinol, and sodium chloride on the pressure inactivation kinetics of mushroom polyphenol oxidase.
Stable isotope characterization of raspberry ketone extracted from Taxus baccata and obtained by oxidation of the accompanying alcohol (Betuligenol).
Repaglinide--a new compound for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Zygosaccharomyces lentus: a significant new osmophilic, preservative-resistant spoilage yeast, capable of growth at low temperature.
Benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives as antioxidants: structure-activity relation.
Influence of dietary fat and vitamin E on antioxidant status of muscles of turkey.
Repaglinide as monotherapy in Type 2 diabetes.
Approaches to the management of postprandial hyperglycaemia.
Metabolism of n-butyl benzyl phthalate in the female Wistar rat. Identification of new metabolites.
Preservative agents in foods. Mode of action and microbial resistance mechanisms.
Effect of rapid cooling and acidic pH on cellular homeostasis of Pectinatus frisingensis, a strictly anaerobic beer-spoilage bacterium.
Simultaneous determination of antioxidants, preservatives and sweeteners permitted as additives in food by mixed micellar electrokinetic chromatography.
Gas chromatographic flow method for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of antioxidant and preservative additives in fatty foods.
Sol-gel composite films with controlled release of biocides.
Estimation of the distribution of the maximum theoretical intake for ten additives in France.
New types of antimicrobial compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum.
Identification of lactic acid bacteria from chili bo, a Malaysian food ingredient.
Evidence that sorbic acid does not inhibit yeast as a classic 'weak acid preservative'.
Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in soy sauce, a fermented seasoning.
Phytate, reactive oxygen species and colorectal cancer.
The pdr12 ABC transporter is required for the development of weak organic acid resistance in yeast.
Citrullinemia. Clinical experience with 23 cases.
Prediction of Listeria spp. growth as affected by various levels of chemicals, pH, temperature and storage time in a model broth.
N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (NAT) as a substrate for mushroom tyrosinase.
Susceptibility to skin stinging, non-immunologic contact urticaria and acute skin irritation; is there a relationship?
The indirect UV detection in the analysis of ursodeoxycholic acid and related compounds by HPCE.
Resistance of yeast flora of labaneh to potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate.
Failure to confirm estrogenic activity for benzoic acid and clofibrate: implications for lists of endocrine-disrupting agents.
Excretion of benzoic acid derivatives in urine of sheep given intraruminal infusions of 3-phenylpropionic and cyclohexanecarboxylic acids.
Processing and storage of lye-treated carrots fermented by a mixed starter culture.
Cutaneous xenobiotic metabolism: glycine conjugation in human and rat keratinocytes.
Enzymic method for the spectrophotometric determination of benzoic acid in soy sauce and pickles.
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteriditis by combinations of plant oils and derivatives of benzoic acid: the development of synergistic antimicrobial combinations.
Shelf life study of some Nigerian fruit juices inoculated with ascospores of Neosartorya spp.
Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Forty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives.
Benzoate effect on a benzoate-resistant strain of Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Influence of pH, benzoic acid, EDTA, and glutathione on the pressure and/or temperature inactivation kinetics of mushroom polyphenoloxidase.
Concentration and pH dependence of skeletal muscle chloride channel ClC-1.
Influence of modified atmosphere and preservatives on the growth of Zygosaccharomyces rouxii isolated from dried fruits.
Evaluation of media for enumerating heat-stressed, benzoate-resistant Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Sodium benzoate differentially blocks circling induced by D-and L-dopa in the hemi-parkinsonian rat.
Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by phenolic acids--examination in vitro.
Optimization of the benzoate-inducible benzoate p-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 enzyme system in Aspergillus niger.
Lethality induced by stannous chloride on Escherichia coli AB1157: participation of reactive oxygen species.
Studies on non-immune immediate contact reactions in an unselected population.
Use of in vitro skin penetration data and a physiologically based model to predict in vivo blood levels of benzoic acid.
[Effect of an oligo-antigen diet on the behavior of hyperkinetic children].
Modulation of insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by two novel oral hypoglycaemic agents, NN623 and A4166.
Thermal resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores in different heating systems containing some approved food additives.
Mechanisms of acid resistance in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
Investigation of a pulsed-laser thermo-optical absorbance detector for the determination of food preservatives separated by capillary electrophoresis.
Perioral contact urticaria from sodium benzoate in a toothpaste.
Characterisation of carbon dioxide-inducible genes of the marine bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. S91.
Relationship between dietary iron intake, corrected for diet reporting error, and serum ferritin in Danish women aged 35-65 years.
Control of microbiological quality and shelf-life of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) by chemical preservatives and smoking.
Heat resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple juice.
Quantitative structure activity relationship for the effect of benzoic acids, cinnamic acids and benzaldehydes on Listeria monocytogenes.
Factors affecting the metabolism of cinnamyl anthranilate in the rat and mouse.
Preservative-mediated changes of the surface properties of Escherichia coli.
[Determination of benzoic acid in nonalcoholic carbonated soft drinks using the HPLC method].
Benzoate therapy and carnitine deficiency in non-ketotic hyperglycinemia.
Metabolites of N-ethylbenzamide, N,N-diethylbenzamide and related compounds detected in rat urine by NMR spectroscopy.
Efficacy of a lactic acid/sodium benzoate wash solution in reducing bacterial contamination of raw chicken.
Cloning and characterization of the NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase gene from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger.
Ready biodegradability test in seawater: a new methodological approach.
Absence of acidosis in the initial presentation of propionic acidaemia.
Short-term male reproductive toxicity study with sulfasalazine in the rat.
Use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and selective C-labeling for pharmacokinetic research in man: detection of benzoic acid conversion to hippuric acid.
Free and esterified coenzyme A in the liver and muscles of chronically hyperammonemic mice treated with sodium benzoate.
Validation of weighed records and other methods of dietary assessment using the 24 h urine nitrogen technique and other biological markers.
Topical benzoic acid induces the increased biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in human skin in vivo.
Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic determination of artificial sweeteners in low-Joule soft drinks and other foods.
Effects of gavage versus dosed feed administration on the toxicokinetics of benzyl acetate in rats and mice.
Time course and auxin sensitivity of cortical microtubule reorientation in maize roots.
Tissue acylcarnitine and acyl-coenzyme A profiles in chronically hyperammonemic mice treated with sodium benzoate and supplementary L-carnitine.
Simultaneous determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid and parabens in foods: a new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique adopted in a survey on Italian foods and beverages.
Liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic acid in orange juice: interlaboratory study.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: improved matrix for oligosaccharides.
The Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome and food additive hypersensitivity.
Oncogenicity studies of benzalazine in mice and rats.
Reproductive toxicity studies of benzalazine in rats and rabbits.
Twenty-six-week oral toxicity study of benzalazine in rats.
Single and subacute local and systemic toxicity studies of benzalazine.
Influence of metabolism in skin on dosimetry after topical exposure.
Metabolism of trans-cinnamic acid in the rat and the mouse and its variation with dose.
Studies on trans-cinnamaldehyde. 1. The influence of dose size and sex on its disposition in the rat and mouse.
Antimicrobial action of some GRAS compounds against Vibrio vulnificus.
Characterization of esterase and alcohol dehydrogenase activity in skin. Metabolism of retinyl palmitate to retinol (vitamin A) during percutaneous absorption.
Gut flora and the origin of some urinary aromatic phenolic compounds.
Comparative metabolism of deltamethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in chickens.
Potential growth and control of Salmonella in Hispanic type soft cheese.
Weak acid preservatives block the heat shock response and heat-shock-element-directed lacZ expression of low pH Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultures, an inhibitory action partially relieved by respiratory deficiency.
Energy-dependent, carrier-mediated extrusion of carboxyfluorescein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae allows rapid assessment of cell viability by flow cytometry.
Dietary sources and background levels of hippuric acid in urine: comparison of Philippine and Japanese levels.
Evaluation of phototoxic properties of some food additives: sulfites exhibit prominent phototoxicity.
Fate of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple cider with and without preservatives.
Comparison of capillary zone electrophoresis with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of additives in foodstuffs.
Pancreatic polypeptide and exocrine pancreatic function in the elderly.
Tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-labelled cinnamic aldehyde following single and multiple oral administration in male Fischer 344 rats.
Studies on cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase from wounded potato tissue: isolation and characterization of cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase activation factor.
Identification of metabolites from the degradation of fluoranthene by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1.
Effect of three preservatives on the growth of Bacillus cereus, Vero cytotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, on plates with gradients of pH and sodium chloride concentration.
Enhancing effect of concomitant L-ascorbic acid administration on BHA-induced forestomach carcinogenesis in rats.
Effect of sodium chloride, pH and organic nutrients on the motility of Vibrio cholerae non-01.
Acute renal toxicity of thiabendazole (TBZ) in ICR mice.
Effects of food preservatives on growth and metabolism of plaque bacteria in vitro and in vivo.
Percutaneous absorption of nicotinic acid, phenol, benzoic acid and triclopyr butoxyethyl ester through rat and human skin in vitro: further validation of an in vitro model by comparison with in vivo data.
Urinary excretion of angiotensin I, II, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin in patients with anaphylactoid reactions.
Safety aspects of food preservatives.
Analysis of acesulfame-K, saccharin and preservatives in beverages and jams by HPLC.
Glucose and sucrose fermenting capacity of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria used as starters in fermented salads.
[Unusual reactions to food additives].
Metabolism of benzonitrile and butyronitrile by Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Evaluation of the mutagenicity of an N-nitroso contaminant of the sunscreen Padimate O: N-nitroso-N-methyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester (NPABAO).
Characteristics of sodium benzoate injury of Listeria monocytogenes.
Effect of preservatives on patulin production by Penicillium expansum.
Effect of benzoic acid on glycolytic metabolite levels and intracellular pH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Mechanism of action of benzoic acid on Zygosaccharomyces bailii: effects on glycolytic metabolite levels, energy production, and intracellular pH.
Nitric oxide as an antioxidant.
Effect of chemical treatments on the micro-organisms associated with malting of sorghum grains and sorghum malt.
Substance P antagonist inhibits immediate and delayed type cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions.
Release of mediators from human gastric mucosa and blood in adverse reactions to benzoate.
In vitro skin absorption and metabolism of benzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, and benzocaine in the hairless guinea pig.
The in vivo and in vitro activity of AHR-13268D, a new antiallergic/antihistaminic agent.
[Preservatives and dental caries. Can preservatives in food and beverages influence oral health?].
Bioavailability, metabolism, and renal excretion of benzoic acid in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).
In vivo percutaneous absorption of chemicals: a multiple dose study in rhesus monkeys.
Interactions between inhibition factors on microbial stability of fruit-based systems.
[Use of gas chromatography for determining benzoic and sorbic acid levels in orange beverage and tomato concentrate].
Oral provocation tests with aspirin and food additives in asthmatic patients.
Relationships among Cell Size, Membrane Permeability, and Preservative Resistance in Yeast Species.
[Asthma due to disulfites].
The results of skin testing with food additives and the effect of an elimination diet in chronic and recurrent urticaria and recurrent angioedema.
Chloromethane, a Novel Methyl Donor for Biosynthesis of Esters and Anisoles in Phellinus pomaceus.
Relationships between the resistance of yeasts to acetic, propanoic and benzoic acids and to methyl paraben and pH.
The response of Gluconobacter oxydans to sorbic and benzoic acids.
Recurrent erythema multiforme: a possible role of foodstuffs.
[Adverse reactions induced by food additives: sulfites].
Is the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome related to the exposure to food additives? A case report.
Liver function in protein-energy malnutrition measured by cinnamic acid tolerance and benzoic acid tolerance: effect of carnitine supplementation.
Contact dermatitis in children.
Simultaneous determination of the nine food additives using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Determination of seven artificial sweeteners in diet food preparations by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with absorbance detection.
Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in fresh cheese.
Effect of benzoic Acid on growth yield of yeasts differing in their resistance to preservatives.
[Quality characterization of several bolognas in Mexico. I. Chemical and microbiologic evaluation].
[A demand for the relaxation of conditions for use of benzoic acid and its salts in non-alcoholic soft drinks].
Inhibitory effects of selected Turkish spices and oregano components on some foodborne fungi.
Hypersensitivity reactions to food additives.
Reverse-phase liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic and sorbic acids in foods.
Studies on benzyl acetate. III. The percutaneous absorption and disposition of [methylene-14C]benzyl acetate in the rat.
Reverse phase liquid chromatographic determination of some food additives.
Reactions to dietary tartrazine.
Studies on benzyl acetate. I. Effect of dose size and vehicle on the plasma pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [methylene-14C]benzyl acetate in the rat.
Cell-mediated immune responses to artificial food additives in chronic urticaria.
Synergistic effects of weak-acid preservatives and pH on the growth of Zygosaccharomyces bailii.
Peroral challenge tests with food additives in urticaria and atopic dermatitis.
Short-term effects of various phenols and acids on the Fischer 344 male rat forestomach epithelium.
[Adverse reactions to food preservatives].
Studies on the analysis of food additives by high-performance liquid chromatography. V. Simultaneous determination of preservatives and saccharin in foods by ion-pair chromatography.
An elimination diet for chronic urticaria of childhood.
Simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of carboxylic acids in soft drinks and jams.
Food, mind, and mood. Hyperactivity revisited.
Liquid chromatographic determination of quinine, hydroquinine, saccharin, and sodium benzoate in quinine beverages.
[Chemical preservation of food].
Extraction of organic acids by ion-pair formation with tri-n-octylamine. Part 6. Determination of sorbic acid, benzoic acid, and saccharin in yogurt.
Conformational analysis of erythrosine B (FD&C Red No. 3) and its comparison with thyroid hormone structures.
Benzoic acid and sorbic acid in foods quantitative determination by gas chromatography.
The effect of food preservatives on pH homeostasis in Escherichia coli.
Extraction of organic acids by ion-pair formation with tri-n-octylamine. Part V. Simultaneous determination of synthetic dyes, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, and saccharin in soft drinks and lemonade syrups.
Liquid chromatographic determination of sodium saccharin, caffeine, aspartame, and sodium benzoate in cola beverages.
Influence of colostrum preservation and sodium bicarbonate on performance of dairy calves.
Effect of sodium benzoate on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.
Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of benzoic acid and sorbic acid in foods: NMKL collaborative study.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sodium benzoate when used as a tracer to detect pulpwash adulteration of orange juice.
A 50000-dalton anorexigenic protein from urine.
Cytogenetic effects of the food preservatives--sodium benzoate and sodium sulphite on Vicia faba root meristems.
Food additives and food components in total diets in the Netherlands.
Dyes, preservatives and salicylates in the induction of food intolerance and/or hypersensitivity in children.
Inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis by benzoic acid, p-tert.-butylbenzoic acid, and a structurally related hypolipidemic agent SC-33459.
[The natural benzoic acid content of yoghurt].
[Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of benzoic acid content of fruit products, soft sparkling beverages and tomato concentrates. II. Its content in marketed products].
Perioral contact urticaria from sorbic acid and benzoic acid in a salad dressing.
[Mayonnaise eczema in a day nursery].
[Acetylsalicylic acid and food additive intolerance in urticaria, bronchial asthma and rhinopathy].
Physiological criteria and mycotoxin production as AIDS in identification of common asymmetric penicillia.
[Excessive allergy due to benzoic acid followed by anaphylactic shock. (author's transl)].
Microbiological quality of frozen precooked and peeled shrimp from South-East Asia and from the North Sea.
Inhibition of aflatoxin production in groundnut with benzoic acid derivatives and possible toxic effect of their aromatic residues.
DNA and its precursors might interact with the food preservatives, sodium sulphite and sodium benzoate.
[Isotachophoretic determination of preservatives (author's transl)].
[Various methods for the determination of preservatives in food. I. Extraction and spectrophotometric determinations (author's transl)].
[Intolerance to acetylsalicylacid and food additives in patients suffering from recurrent urticaria (author's transl)].
Gas chromatographic determination of preservatives in rennet.
[Determination of benzoic acid and its salts in food products of animal origin].
Ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of benzoic acid in soy sauce.
Spectrophotometric determination of some preservatives in milk.
Benzoic acid poisoning in the cat.
Comparison between the yeast flora of Middle Eastern and Western European soft drinks.
Photolysis of benzoic acid 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) hydrazide.
Automated analysis of benzoic acid in food: colorimetric determination after continuous volatilization.
Environmental fate and biodegradability of benzene derivatives as studied in a model aquatic ecosystem.
The digestion of bulbils (Polygonum viviparum L.) and berries (Vaccinium myrtillus L. and Empetrum sp.) by captive ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus).
The effect of store conditions on the rotting of apples, cv. Bramley's Seedling, by Nectria galligena.
Purification and some properties of two polyphenol oxidases from bartlett pears.
[Studies on antiseptics for foodstuff. 73. Studies on 3-halogeno-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid esters, 4-alkylresorcinol,4-arylresorcinol, 5-alkyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-alkyl-3-chloro-2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 4-aryl-6-chlororesorcinol and phenylaminothioformic acid esters as a preservative for sake].
[Effect of food preservatives on the activity of plant and animal catalase and peroxidase. I. Effect of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid and potassium sorbate on the activity of catalase and peroxidase of seedlings of Lepidium sativum L].
[Methods for the determination of benzoic acid].
Suspected benzoic acid poisoning in the cat.
[Reciprocal detoxication of benzoic acid and glycine].
[Physiological and histological changes in rats fed benzoic acid].
Metabolism of benzoic acid by sheep.
Studies on the oral toxicity of p-tert-butyl benzoic acid in rats.
[Attempts at killing Salmonellae in duck egg compounds; addition of ammonia, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid--ethyl ester and sorbic acid].
[On the use of benzoic acid for the preservation of flavoring materials].
[THE BROMINATION METHOD FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF SORBIC ACID AND BENZOIC ACID ON PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY].
[Evaluation of benzoic acid as a preservative from the hygienic viewpoint and the method of its estimation].

Other Information

(IUPAC):Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):View
FDA Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances:View
CHEBI:View
CHEMBL:View
Golm Metabolome Database:Search
Metabolomics Database:Search
UM BBD:Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):C00180
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):HMDB01870
FooDB:FDB008739
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):YMDB02301
Export Tariff Code:2916.31.1105
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:View
Typical G.C.
VCF-Online:VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:View
Wikipedia:View
Formulations/Preparations:
•grades: technical, cp, usp, fcc. •industrial grade, 97.5%; technical grade, 99.0%; united states pharmacopeiafood chemicals codex , 99.5-100.5%. from table •industrial and technical grades of benzoic acid are available in molten as well as solid forms (called flakes or chips). uspfcc grade is available in solid form either as crystals or powder.

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex Yes
Molecular weight 122.12322235107
Melting Point 122 to 123°C @ 760 mm Hg
Boiling Point 132 to 133°C @ 10 mm Hg
Boiling Point 249 to 250°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure 10 mmHg @ 132 °C
Vapor Density 4.21
Flash Point TCC Value 121.11 °C TCC
logP (o/w) 1.87
Shelf life 48 months (or longer if stored properly.)
Storage notes Store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Solubility
acetone Yes
alcohol Yes
glycerin Yes
water, 3400 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Balsamic
balsamic, urine
Odor strength low
General comment At 100.00 %. faint balsam urine

Occurrences

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 22 - Harmful if swallowed.
R 37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin.
R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes.
R 42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children.
S 22 - Do not breath dust.
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 1700 mg/kg
International Polymer Science and Technology. Vol. 3, Pg. 93, 1976.

intravenous-rat LD50 1700 mg/kg
Acta Physiologica Polonica. Vol. 12, Pg. 173, 1961.

intraperitoneal-rat LD50 1600 mg/kg
Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. Vol. 112, Pg. 53, 1973.

oral-rabbit LDLo 2000 mg/kg
"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 23, 1959.

gavage-mouse LD50 1950 mg/kg
(Shell Oil Company, 1982)

intraperitoneal-mouse LD50 1460 mg/kg
Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 160, Pg. 1097, 1966.

oral-mouse LD50 1250 mg/kg
(Schafer & Bowles, 1985)

oral-mouse LD50 1996 mg/kg
(Sado, 1973)

intraperitoneal-guinea pig LDLo 1400 mg/kg
"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 23, 1959.

oral-guinea pig LDLo 2000 mg/kg
Muenchener Medicinische Wochenschrift. Vol. 77, Pg. 13, 1930.

oral-man LDLo 500 mg/kg
Food and Cosmetics Toxicology. Vol. 17, Pg. 715, 1979.

oral-mouse LD50 1940 mg/kg
BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION GASTROINTESTINAL: OTHER CHANGES
Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. Vol. 15, Pg. 359, 1984.

Dermal Toxicity:
skin-rabbit LD50 > 10000 mg/kg
BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 28-4/1973

subcutaneous-rabbit LDLo 2000 mg/kg
"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 23, 1959.

subcutaneous-frog LDLo 100 mg/kg
"Handbook of Toxicology," 4 vols., Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co., 1956-59Vol. 5, Pg. 23, 1959.

skin-human TDLo 6 mg/kg
LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA SKIN AND APPENDAGES (SKIN): "DERMATITIS, ALLERGIC: AFTER SYSTEMIC EXPOSURE"
Journal of Allergy. Vol. 16, Pg. 195, 1945.

Inhalation Toxicity:
inhalation-rat LC50 > 26 mg/m3/1H
SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: LACRIMATION: EYE BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY)
BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 28-4/1973

Safety in use information

Category:
antimicrobial agents, flavoring agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for benzoic acid usage levels up to:
0.6000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU): 34.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA): 340.00 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class: I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 3
Click here to view publication 3
average usual ppmaverage maximum ppm
baked goods: -40.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic): -7.50000
beverages(alcoholic): --
breakfast cereal: --
cheese: --
chewing gum: 20.0000032.00000
condiments / relishes: --
confectionery froastings: -250.00000
egg products: --
fats / oils: --
fish products: --
frozen dairy: -4.80000
fruit ices: -4.80000
gelatins / puddings: --
granulated sugar: --
gravies: --
hard candy: -8.90000
imitation dairy: --
instant coffee / tea: --
jams / jellies: --
meat products: --
milk products: --
nut products: --
other grains: --
poultry: --
processed fruits: --
processed vegetables: --
reconstituted vegetables: --
seasonings / flavors: --
snack foods: --
soft candy: --
soups: --
sugar substitutes: --
sweet sauces: --

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) on a request from the Commission related to Flavouring Group Evaluation 20 (FGE.20): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical group 23
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 52 (FGE.52): Consideration of hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20 (2005) (Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 of 18 July 2000) - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 54 (FGE.54)[1] - Consideration of benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20 (2005) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 14, Revision 1 (FGE.14Rev1): Phenethyl alcohol, aldehyde, acetals, carboxylic acid and related esters from chemical group 15 and 22 [1] - Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 1 (FGE.20Rev1): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters from chemical group 23
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 54, Revision 1 (FGE.54Rev1): Consideration of benzyl derivatives evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting) structurally related to benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids and related esters evaluated by EFSA in FGE.20Rev1 (2009)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1]
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 2 (FGE.20Rev2): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 20, Revision 3(FGE.20Rev3): Benzyl alcohols, benzaldehydes, a related acetal, benzoic acids, and related esters from chemical groups 23 and 30
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Assessment of the results of the study by McCann et al. (2007) on the effect of some colours and sodium benzoate on children’s behaviour [1] - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Materials (AFC)
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Review of substances/agents that have direct beneficial effect on the environment: mode of action and assessment of efficacy
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Safety and efficacy of benzoic acid as a feed additive for pigs for fattening when used as acidity regulator and all animal species when used as flavouring
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Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of benzoic acid (E 210), sodium benzoate (E 211), potassium benzoate (E 212) and calcium benzoate (E 213) as food additives
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Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance benzoic acid
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Safety and efficacy of VevoVitall® (benzoic acid) as feed additive for minor porcine species
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Safety and efficacy of AviMatrix® (benzoic acid, calcium formate and fumaric acid) for chickens for fattening, chickens reared for laying, minor avian species for fattening and minor avian species reared to point of lay
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Assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of VevoVitall® (benzoic acid) as feed additive for weaned piglets and pigs for fattening
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Safety and efficacy of benzoic acid for pigs and poultry
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Safety and efficacy of benzoic acid as a technological feed additive for weaned piglets and pigs for fattening
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of VevoVitall® (benzoic acid) as feed additive for pigs for fattening
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a preparation of benzoic acid, calcium formate and fumaric acid (AviMatrix Z) for all avian species other than laying birds (Novus Europe S.A. / N.V)
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EPI System: View
EPA-Iris:IRIS
ClinicalTrials.gov:search
Daily Med:search
NIOSH International Chemical Safety Cards:search
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search
AIDS Citations:Search
Cancer Citations:Search
Toxicology Citations:Search
Carcinogenic Potency Database:Search
EPA GENetic TOXicology:Search
EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):65-85-0
EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data
EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry
Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :243
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data
SCCNFP:opinion
WISER:UN 3077
WGK Germany:1
benzoic acid
Chemidplus:0000065850
EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials
RTECS:65-85-0