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isoamyl amine

General Material Information

Preferred name	isoamyl amine
Trivial Name	Isoamylamine
Short Description	isopentylamine
Formula	C5 H13 N
CAS Number	107-85-7
FEMA Number	3219
Flavis Number	11.001
ECHA Number	203-526-0
FDA UNII	LPO0L33SHY
Nikkaji Number	J95.661I
Beilstein Number	1209230
MDL	MFCD00008203
COE Number	512
xLogP3-AA	1.00 (est)
Bio Activity Summary	External link
NMR Predictor	External link
JECFA Food Flavoring	1587 isopentylamine
FDA Patent	No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm	107-85-7 ; ISOPENTYLAMINE
Synonyms	1-amino-3-methyl butane 1-amino-3-methylbutane 1-aminoisopentane iso amylamine monoiso amylamine 1-butanamine, 3-methyl- iso butyl carbyl amine iso butyl carbylamine butylamine, 3-methyl- 3,3-dimethyl propyl amine 3,3-dimethylpropylamine leucamine 3-methyl butyl amine 3-methyl-1-butanamine 3-methyl-butan-1-amine 3-methylbutan-1-amine 3-methylbutanamine 3-methylbutyl amine 3-methylbutylamine iso pentyl amine iso pentylamine monoiso pentylamine propylamine, 3,3-dimethyl- iso valeryl amine 3-methylbutan-1-amine 1-Butanamine, 3-methyl- Isopentylamine 3-Methyl-1-butanamine Isoamylamine 3-Methylbutylamine γ-Isoamylamine Monoisoamylamine 1-Amino-3-methylbutane 3-Methylbutanamine Isovalerylamine Monoisopentylamine 3-Methyl-n-butylamine NSC 7907 2-(2-Isopropyl)ethylamine 3-Methyl-1-aminobutane

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Literature & References

	3-methylbutan-1-amine
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	107-85-7
Pubchem (cid):	7894
Pubchem (sid):	134972735
Pherobase:	View

Publications by Info
aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides
Publications by PubMed
Credneramides A and B: neuromodulatory phenethylamine and isopentylamine derivatives of a vinyl chloride-containing fatty acid from cf. Trichodesmium sp. nov.
Synthesis of methylisoamylnitrosamine from isoamylamine by fungi (Fusarium moniliforme).
Synthesis of nitrosomethylisoamylamine from isoamylamine and sodium nitrite by fungi.
Nitrogen fertilisation increases biogenic amines and amino acid concentrations in Vitis vinifera var. Riesling musts and wines.
[Studies on the synthesis of two new nitrosamines (NMAMBA and NMAMPA) from isoamylamine and sodium nitrite by fungi].
The deamination of isoamylamine by monamine oxidase in mitochondrial preparations from rat liver and heart: a comparison with phenylethylamine.
Impact of Gram-negative bacteria in interaction with a complex microbial consortium on biogenic amine content and sensory characteristics of an uncooked pressed cheese.
Levels of histamine and other biogenic amines in high-quality red wines.
Agonists for 13 trace amine-associated receptors provide insight into the molecular basis of odor selectivity.
Validation of a method for the analysis of biogenic amines: histamine instability during wine sample storage.
Study of the naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde pre-column derivatization of biogenic mono- and diamines in mixture and fluorescence-HPLC determination.
E-64c-hydrazide: a lead structure for the development of irreversible cathepsin C inhibitors.
Diversity and assessment of potential risk factors of Gram-negative isolates associated with French cheeses.
Metabolic profiling of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba invadens revealed activation of unpredicted pathway during encystation.
Identification of puberty-accelerating pheromones in male mouse urine.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assessment of amines in Port wine and grape juice after fast chloroformate extraction/derivatization.
Nakijiquinones J--R, sesquiterpenoid quinones with an amine residue from okinawan marine sponges.
Autophagy in tobacco BY-2 cells cultured under sucrose starvation conditions: isolation of the autolysosome and its characterization.
Analysis of puberty-accelerating pheromones.
Trace amine-associated receptors are olfactory receptors in vertebrates.
High-precision position-specific isotope analysis of 13C/12C in leucine and methionine analogues.
Seasonal changes in plasma concentrations of cecum-derived amines in clinically normal ponies and ponies predisposed to laminitis.
Gas chromatographic analysis of bacterial amines as their free bases.
Suppression of calcium-induced removal of the Z-line by a thiol-protease inhibitor, E-64-c.
Production of amines in equine cecal contents in an in vitro model of carbohydrate overload.
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) of the rat aorta. Interactions with some naturally occurring amines and their structural analogues.
Interaction of 11 cisplatin analogues with DNA: characteristic pattern of damage with monofunctional analogues.
Nitrosatable amines and nitrosamide formation in natural stimulants: Cola acuminata, C. nitida and Garcinia cola.
Analysis of amines and other bacterial products by head-space gas chromatography.
Modification of ion-exchange membrane used for separation of protons and metallic cations and characterization of the membrane by current-voltage curves.
Application of polymethacrylate resin as stationary phase in liquid chromatography with UV detection for C1-C7 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and C1-C7 aliphatic monoamines.
Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by equine digital vein endothelial cells: inhibition by amines found in the equine caecum.
Identification and quantification of amines in the equine caecum.
Effects of enzyme inducers and inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous 2-(allylthio)pyrazine, a new chemoprotective agent, in rats.
[The occurence and distribution of volatile amines in marine algae].
THE METABOLISM OF THE ISCHEMIC KIDNEY : I. THE RESPIRATION AND THE OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF THE ISCHEMIC KIDNEY.
Ion-trap versus time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled to capillary electrophoresis to analyze biogenic amines in wine.
Separation and conductimetric detection of C1-C7 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and C1-C7 aliphatic monoamines on unfunctionized polymethacrylate resin columns.
Effects of monoamines formed in the cecum of horses on equine digital blood vessels and platelets.
Attractants fromStaphylococcus aureus cultures for Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens.
Gas liquid chromatography of amines produced by the Enterobacteriaceae.
[Evidence of synthesizing secondary amines from primary amines by fungi--microbiological production of methylisoamylamine and piperidine].
Environmental effects on charge densities of biologically active molecules: do molecule crystal environments indeed approximate protein surroundings?
Michael acceptors as cysteine protease inhibitors.
Effect of cysteine protease inhibitor Ep-475 on TNF-alpha-independent cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis in mouse lymphosarcoma LS cells.
Involvement of calpain in osteoclastic bone resorption.
Crystal structures of calpain-E64 and -leupeptin inhibitor complexes reveal mobile loops gating the active site.
Cysteine proteases are the major beta-secretase in the regulated secretory pathway that provides most of the beta-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease: role of BACE 1 in the constitutive secretory pathway.
Primate neurons show different vulnerability to transient ischemia and response to cathepsin inhibition.
Structural basis for development of cathepsin B-specific noncovalent-type inhibitor: crystal structure of cathepsin B-E64c complex.
Calpain-calpastatin: a novel, complete calcium-dependent protease system in human spermatozoa.
Postictal blockade of ischemic hippocampal neuronal death in primates using selective cathepsin inhibitors.
Striated muscle calcium-stimulated cysteine protease (calpain-like) activity promotes myeloperoxidase activity with exercise.
A calcium stimulated cysteine protease involved in isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophy.
m-calpain in rat growth plate chondrocyte cultures: its involvement in the matrix mineralization process.
Retraction of cultured endothelial cell monolayer by human breast cancer cells, MCF-7.
Determination of a cysteine protease inhibitor and its ethyl ester in mouse serum and muscle by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Protease inhibition causes some manifestations of aging and Alzheimer's disease in rodent and primate brain.
Effects of selective inhibition of cathepsin B and general inhibition of cysteine proteinases on lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver in vivo and in vitro.
Inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated cartilage proteoglycan degradation by a lipophilic inactivator of cysteine endopeptidases.
A comparison between the binding modes of a substrate and inhibitor to papain as observed in complex crystal structures.
Suppressive effect of E-64c on ischemic degradation of cerebral proteins following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.
Diabetic state-induced activation of calcium-activated neutral proteinase in mouse skeletal muscle.
Differences in substrate specificities for cysteine proteinases used in blood group serology, and the use of bromelain in a two-phase inhibitor technique.
Cathepsin L--a latent proteinase in guinea pig sperm.
The role of increased proteolysis in the atrophy and arrest of proliferation in serum-deprived fibroblasts.
Two-step mechanism of myofibrillar protein degradation in acute plasmocid-induced muscle necrosis.
Limited benefit to genetically dystrophic chickens from a synthetic proteinase inhibitor: Ep475.
A novel type of autophagy occurs together with vacuole genesis in miniprotoplasts prepared from tobacco culture cells.
Effect of a cysteine protease inhibitor on Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke) fecundity, egg viability, parasite burden, and size in experimentally infected sheep.
Involvement of calpain and synaptotagmin Ca2+ sensors in hormone secretion from excitable endocrine cells.
Cathepsin L plays an important role in the lysosomal degradation of L-lactate dehydrogenase.
Relative contribution of matrix metalloprotease and cysteine protease activities to cytokine-stimulated articular cartilage degradation.
A homologue of cathepsin L identified in conditioned medium from Sf9 insect cells.
Entamoeba histolytica: correlation of assessment methods to measure erythrocyte digestion, and effect of cysteine proteinases inhibitors in HM-1:IMSS and HK-9:NIH strains.
Differential effects of calpain inhibitors on hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes.
Participation of intracellular cysteine proteinases, in particular cathepsin B, in degradation of collagen in periosteal tissue explants.
Both cathepsin B and cathepsin D are necessary for processing of ovalbumin as well as for degradation of class II MHC invariant chain.
Effect of Ep475 on changes induced by calcium activated neutral protease on erythrocyte membrane.
The inhibition of interleukin 1-stimulated cartilage proteoglycan degradation by cysteine endopeptidase inactivators.
The ATP-independent pathway in red blood cells that degrades oxidant-damaged hemoglobin.
Ester and amide derivatives of E64c as inhibitors of platelet calpains.
Involvement of reactive oxygen species in post-ischaemic flap necrosis and its prevention by antioxidants.
Effects of the calpain inhibitor E64-d on platelet activation responses.
Isolation of rod outer segments on Percoll gradients: effect of specific protease inhibition.
Mode of binding of E-64-c, a potent thiol protease inhibitor, to papain as determined by X-ray crystal analysis of the complex.
Morphological, physiological and biochemical alterations in livers of rodents induced by protease inhibitors: a comparison with old livers.
Autodegradation of lysosomal cysteine proteinases.
Cleavage site of calcium-dependent protease in human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib.
Metabolic acidosis stimulates protein degradation in rat muscle by a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism.
Induction and inhibition of cathepsin B and hemoglobin-hydrolase activity in murine B16 melanoma by thiol protease inhibitors.
Isolation of two forms of the high-molecular-mass serine protease, ingensin, from porcine skeletal muscle.
Relation between in vivo effects and in vitro effects of serine and thiol proteinase inhibitors.
The effect of an in vivo-injected thiol protease inhibitor, E-64-c, on the calcium-induced degeneration of myofilaments.
Effects of cathepsin B, H, and D in pectoral muscle of dystrophic chickens (line 413) of in vivo administration of E-64-c (N-[N-(L-3-transcarboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L-leucyl]-3-methyl-butylamine).

Other Information

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C02640
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB31659
FooDB:	FDB008319
Export Tariff Code:	2921.19.5000
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View

Suppliers

Augustus Oils	Penta International
R C Treatt & Co Ltd	Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sigma-Aldrich	Synerzine
TCI AMERICA	Augustus Oils Ltd
Penta International Corporation

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex	No
Molecular weight	87.16561126709
Specific gravity	@ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon	6.216 to 6.266
Refractive Index	1.405 to 1.411 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point	95 to 97°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure	51.112999 mmHg @ 25 °C
Vapor Density	3
Flash Point TCC Value	16.67 °C TCC
logP (o/w)	1.41 est
Solubility
alcohol	Yes
propylene glycol	Yes
water	Yes
glycerin	Yes
water, 1.097e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)	Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Ammoniacal
ammoniacal
General comment	At 0.10 % in propylene glycol. unpleasent ammonia

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications	flavoring agents
Odor purposes	Chocolate
Flavoring purposes	Seafood

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
C - Corrosive.
R 11 - Highly flammable. R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 34 - Causes burns. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36/37/39 - Wear suitable clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S 45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately.

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for isoamyl amine usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.

Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		24.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA):		0.07 (μg/capita/day)
Threshold of Concern:		1800 (μg/person/day)
Structure Class:		I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 4
Click here to view publication 4
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	0.10000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	0.10000
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		-	-
condiments / relishes:		-	-
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	0.10000
fruit ices:		-	0.10000
gelatins / puddings:		-	0.10000
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		-	0.10000
imitation dairy:		-	-
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		-	-
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	-
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	-
seasonings / flavors:		-	-
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	-
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, (FGE.86)[1] - Consideration of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting) - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives - Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, Revision 1 (FGE.86Rev1): Consideration of aliphatic and aromatic amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic and aromatic amines (chemical group 33) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 86, Revision 2 (FGE.86Rev2): Consideration of aliphatic and arylalkyl amines and amides evaluated by JECFA (65th meeting)
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):107-85-7

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :7894

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WISER:UN 1106

WGK Germany:1

3-methylbutan-1-amine

Chemidplus:0000107857