thiazole

General Material Information

Preferred name	thiazole
Trivial Name	Thiazole
Formula	C3 H3 N S
CAS Number	288-47-1
Deleted CAS Number	857224-45-4
FEMA Number	3615
ECHA Number	206-021-3
FDA UNII	320RCW8PEF
Nikkaji Number	J26D
Beilstein Number	0103852
MDL	MFCD00005315
COE Number	11642
NMR Predictor	External link
JECFA Food Flavoring	1032 thiazole
FDA Patent	No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm	288-47-1 ; THIAZOLE
Synonyms	1,3-thiazol 1,3-thiazole 1,3-thiazole 3-Azathiophene

US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents

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Literature & References

	1,3-thiazole
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	288-47-1
Pubchem (cid):	9256
Pubchem (sid):	134974462

Publications by PubMed
Potential of aryl-urea-benzofuranylthiazoles hybrids as multitasking agents in Alzheimer's disease.
Identification of the minimal cytolytic unit for streptolysin S and an expansion of the toxin family.
Critical Intermediates Reveal New Biosynthetic Events in the Enigmatic Colibactin Pathway.
Thyroid follicular lesions induced by thiazole-Zn feed treatment for one year in Sprague-Dawley rats.
Activating and Inhibitory Functions of WNT/β-Catenin in the Induction of Cytochromes P450 by Nuclear Receptors in HepaRG Cells.
New heterocyclic hybrids of pyrazole and its bioisosteres: design, synthesis and biological evaluation as dual acting antimalarial-antileishmanial agents.
Isolation, identification, and formation conditions of a novel Maillard yellowish pigment, pyrrolothiazolate.
3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of a series of RORγt inhibitors.
Divisions of labor in the thiamin biosynthetic pathway among organs of maize.
Activation of transcription factor Nrf2 signalling by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor SKI-II is mediated by the formation of Keap1 dimers.
Fate of thiabendazole through the treatment of a simulated agro-food industrial effluent by combined MBR/Fenton processes at μg/L scale.
Use of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) for genotyping by solution and surface methods.
Synthesis and antimosquito properties of 2,6-substituted benzo[d]thiazole and 2,4-substituted benzo[d]thiazole analogues against Anopheles arabiensis.
Volatiles and water- and fat-soluble precursors of Saanen goat and cross Suffolk lamb flavour.
Effects of pubertal exposure to thiazole-Zn on thyroid function and development in female rats.
FDA-approved drugs selected using virtual screening bind specifically to G-quadruplex DNA.
Pharmacokinetic optimization of 4-substituted methoxybenzoyl-aryl-thiazole and 2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazole for improving oral bioavailability.
[Thiamine and its derivatives in the regulation of cell metabolism].
Flavor release of the tomato flavor enhancer, 2-isobutylthiazole, from whey protein stabilized model dressings.
Charged states of 1,3,5-triazine molecules as models for star-shaped molecular architecture: a DFT and spectroelectrochemical study.
Chemistry of clothianidin and related compounds.
Design and synthesis of a new class of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase inhibitors with anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activities.
DNA/ligand/ion-based ensemble for fluorescence turn on detection of cysteine and histidine with tunable dynamic range.
[Mu3-cis-N-(2-aminoethyl)-N'-(2-carboxylatophenyl)oxamidato(3-)]bis(2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole)tetracopper(II) bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenolate).
Use of viability staining in combination with flow cytometry for rapid viability assessment of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in complex protein matrices.
Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of 1,2,3-thiadiazole derivatives as potential elicitors with highly systemic acquired resistance.
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of N-substituted (1,3-thiazole)alkyl sulfoximine derivatives.
Synthesis, herbicidal activities, and 3D-QSAR of 2-cyanoacrylates containing aromatic methylamine moieties.
Reticulated platelets interfere with flow cytometric reticulocyte counts.
Induction of tachyzoite egress from cells infected with the protozoan Neospora caninum by nitro- and bromo-thiazolides, a class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs.
Aqua(2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole-kappa2N,N')(oxydiacetato-kappa3O,O',O'')cobalt(II) trihydrate.
Instrumental and sensory characterization of heat-induced odorants in aseptically packaged soy milk.
In vitro efficacy of nitro- and bromo-thiazolyl-salicylamide compounds (thiazolides) against Besnoitia besnoiti infection in Vero cells.
Comparison of three lychee cultivar odor profiles using gas chromatography-olfactometry and gas chromatography-sulfur detection.
Structure-activity relationships from in vitro efficacies of the thiazolide series against the intracellular apicomplexan protozoan Neospora caninum.
Effect of UVC-induced damage to DNA on the intercalation of thiazole orange: a convenient reporter for DNA damage.
Diaqua(2,2'-diamino-4,4'-bi-1,3-thiazole)oxosulfatovanadium(IV) tetrahydrate.
Expression pattern of matrix metalloproteinases in alcohol- and thermally oxidized sunflower oil-induced toxicity: protective role of an aminothiazole derivative.
Development of quality evaluation sensor for fish freshness control based on KI value.
Absorption, tissue distribution, excretion, and metabolism of clothianidin in rats.
Generation of group-specific antibodies against sulfonamides.
Differential effects of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) matrix on the volatility of important aroma compounds.
Development of a flow cytometric method to analyze subpopulations of bacteria in probiotic products and dairy starters.
Flow cytometric assessment of viability of lactic acid bacteria.
Approaches to wine aroma: release of aroma compounds from reactions between cysteine and carbonyl compounds in wine.
Amino- and urea-substituted thiazoles inhibit photosynthetic electron transfer.
Flow cytometric method for detecting thiazole orange-positive (reticulated) platelets in thrombocytopenic horses.
Formation of toxic metabolites from thiabendazole and other thiazoles in mice. Identification of thioamides as ring cleavage products.
Possible role of thioformamide as a proximate toxicant in the nephrotoxicity of thiabendazole and related thiazoles in glutathione-depleted mice: structure-toxicity and metabolic studies.
Nephrotoxicity of thiazoles structurally related to thiabendazole in mice depleted of glutathione by treatment with buthionine sulfoximine.
2-(oxadiazolyl)- and 2-(thiazolyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines as agonists and inverse agonists at benzodiazepine receptors.
Quantitation of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide and 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole in rodent diet.
The sensitizing potential of metalworking fluid biocides (phenolic and thiazole compounds) in the guinea-pig maximization test in relation to patch-test reactivity in eczema patients.
The effect of histamine, H1 and H2 agonists, and H1 and H2 antagonists on postprandial pancreatic polypeptide release in dogs.

Other Information

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C02740
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB29713
FooDB:	FDB000907
Export Tariff Code:	2934.10.9000
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View

Suppliers

Ambles Nature et Chimie	BOC Sciences
Fleurchem	Jinan Enlighten Chemical Technology(Wutong Aroma )
Lluch Essence	M&U International
Pearlchem Corporation	Penta International
Sigma-Aldrich	Sunaux International
Synerzine	TCI AMERICA
Tengzhou Jitian Aroma Chemiclal	Tengzhou Xiang Yuan Aroma Chemicals
Tianjin Danjun International	United International
M&U International LLC	Penta International Corporation
Tianjin Danjun International Trade Co., LTD.	Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Co Ltd

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex	No
Molecular weight	85.12890625
Specific gravity	@ 25 °C
Pounds per Gallon	9.969 to 10.002
Refractive Index	1.531 to 1.541 @ 20 °C
Boiling Point	115 to 118°C @ 760 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure	21.613001 mmHg @ 25 °C
Flash Point TCC Value	22.22 °C TCC
logP (o/w)	0.44
Solubility
alcohol	Yes
water, 5.378e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)	Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Odor Type: Fishy
fishy, nutty, meaty
General comment	At 0.10 % in propylene glycol. pyridine nutty meaty

Potential Uses

Applications	flavoring agents
Flavoring purposes	Meat , Nut

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xn - Harmful.
R 10 - Flammable. R 22 - Harmful if swallowed. R 37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R 41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 16 - Keep away from sources of ignition - No Smoking. S 20/21 - When using do not eat, drink or smoke. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-mouse LD50 983 mg/kg Drug and Chemical Toxicology. Vol. 3, Pg. 249, 1980.
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
flavoring agents
Recommendation for thiazole usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.

Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		0.012 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA):		0.07 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class:		II
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 12
Click here to view publication 12
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		-	-
beverages(nonalcoholic):		-	-
beverages(alcoholic):		-	-
breakfast cereal:		-	-
cheese:		-	-
chewing gum:		-	10.00000
condiments / relishes:		-	-
confectionery froastings:		-	-
egg products:		-	-
fats / oils:		-	-
fish products:		-	-
frozen dairy:		-	-
fruit ices:		-	-
gelatins / puddings:		-	-
granulated sugar:		-	-
gravies:		-	-
hard candy:		-	-
imitation dairy:		-	5.00000
instant coffee / tea:		-	-
jams / jellies:		-	-
meat products:		-	5.00000
milk products:		-	-
nut products:		-	5.00000
other grains:		-	-
poultry:		-	-
processed fruits:		-	-
processed vegetables:		-	-
reconstituted vegetables:		-	10.00000
seasonings / flavors:		-	5.00000
snack foods:		-	-
soft candy:		-	-
soups:		-	-
sugar substitutes:		-	-
sweet sauces:		-	-

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Flavouring Group Evaluation 76, (FGE.76)[1] - Consideration of sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds evaluated by JECFA (59th meeting) structurally related to thiazoles, thiophene, thiazoline and thienyl derivatives from chemical group 29, miscellaneous substances from chemical group 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.21 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 76, Revision 1 (FGE.76Rev1): Consideration of sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds evaluated by JECFA (59th meeting) structurally related to thiazoles, thiophene, thiazoline and thienyl derivatives from chemical group 29 and miscellaneous substances from chemical group 30 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.21Rev3
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):288-47-1

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :9256

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WISER:UN 1993

WGK Germany:3