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amyl propionate
Amyl propionate is a fruity ester widely used in flavor and fragrance applications, characterized by sweet apricot and pineapple aromas.
General Material Description
Amyl propionate, also called pentyl propionate or n-amyl propionate, is a clear ester compound with the molecular formula C8H16O2 and a molecular weight of approximately 144.21 g/mol. It belongs to the class of esters commonly known for imparting fruity aromas. This material emits a sweet fruity scent reminiscent of apricot, pineapple, and tropical banana, making it valuable in flavor and fragrance industries. Its chemical structure links it to propionic acid esters, and it can be sourced naturally from certain fruits such as grapes and plums or synthesized for commercial uses. It is cataloged in public databases including ChEBI.
Occurrence, Applicability & Potential Uses
Amyl propionate naturally occurs in fruits like grape and plum, contributing to their characteristic aromas. Its primary applications lie in flavor and fragrance formulations where its fruity notes enhance apricot, pineapple, and general fruit scent profiles. It is employed as a perfuming agent in cosmetic products as well. In accordance with IFRA (Global) standards, usage levels are recommended up to 4% in fragrance concentrates to ensure safety and compliance. The compound's estery character and compatibility with alcohols make it suitable for diverse aromatic applications.
Physico-Chemical Properties Summary
This ester displays a boiling range of 167 to 169°C at standard atmospheric pressure and a lower boiling point near 81 to 82°C at reduced pressure (50 mm Hg), reflecting moderate volatility. It has an estimated logP value of 2.823, indicating moderate lipophilicity that supports solubility in alcohols and fixed oils but poor solubility in water, glycerin, and propylene glycol. Its vapor pressure at 25°C is about 3.6 mm Hg, consistent with typical esters contributing to fragrance volatility. The flash point measures approximately 56°C (133°F), signaling flammability under standard conditions. These properties influence formulation behavior, especially in creating stable and effective aromatic products.
FAQ
What is amyl propionate and what are its key characteristics?
Amyl propionate is an ester with the molecular formula C8H16O2, commonly referred to as pentyl propionate. It emits a sweet, fruity odor reminiscent of apricot, pineapple, and tropical fruits. Used primarily in flavor and fragrance industries, it enhances fruity aroma profiles. Its chemical structure classifies it among propionic acid esters, which are noted for their pleasant, estery notes.
How is amyl propionate used and where does it naturally occur?
This compound naturally occurs in fruits such as grapes and plums, contributing to their aroma complexity. In commercial use, amyl propionate serves as a flavoring and perfuming agent in food and cosmetic products. It is valued for imparting apricot and pineapple nuances in formulations and demonstrates good solubility in alcohols, aiding its blending into various flavor and fragrance matrices.
What safety and regulatory considerations apply to amyl propionate?
According to IFRA (Global) recommendations, amyl propionate usage in fragrance concentrates is advised not to exceed 4% to maintain consumer safety. It is classified as an irritant with flammability hazards, featuring a flash point around 56°C. Safety data sheets indicate mild skin irritation potential and flammability precautions. It is registered under chemical inventories such as REACH (EU) and FDA listings. Users should consult updated material safety data and comply with relevant regulations when handling and formulating with this compound.
US / EU / FDA / JECFA / FEMA / Scholar / Patents
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Other Information
| (IUPAC): | Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf) |
| Videos: | The Periodic Table of Videos |
| tgsc: | Atomic Weights use for this web site |
| (IUPAC): | Periodic Table of the Elements |
| CHEBI: | View |
| HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database): | HMDB31638 |
| FooDB: | FDB008287 |
| YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database): | YMDB01636 |
| Export Tariff Code: | 2915.50.3000 |
| VCF-Online: | VCF Volatile Compounds in Food |
| ChemSpider: | View |
| Wikipedia: | View |
General Material Information
| Preferred name | amyl propionate |
| Trivial Name | Pentyl propionate |
| Short Description | pentyl propionate |
| Formula | C8 H16 O2 |
| CAS Number | 624-54-4 |
| Flavis Number | 9.135 |
| ECHA Number | 210-852-7 |
| FDA UNII | 826P0596UJ |
| Nikkaji Number | J95.711I |
| Beilstein Number | 1747102 |
| MDL | MFCD00048849 |
| COE Number | 416 |
| NMR Predictor | External link |
| Synonyms |
|
Suppliers
PhysChem Properties
| Material listed in food chemical codex | No |
| Molecular weight | 144.21391296387 |
| Boiling Point | 167 to 169°C @ 760 mm Hg |
| Boiling Point | 81 to 82°C @ 50 mm Hg |
| Acid Value | 1 max KOH/g |
| Vapor Pressure | 3.6 mmHg @ 25 °C |
| Flash Point TCC Value | 56.11 °C TCC |
| logP (o/w) | 2.823 est |
| Solubility | |
| alcohol | Yes |
| fixed oils | Yes |
| water, 810 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp) | Yes |
| water | No |
| glycerin | No |
| propylene glycol | No |
Organoleptic Properties
| Odor Type: Fruity | |
| sweet, fruity, apricot, pineapple, tropical, banana | |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1983) | At 100.00 %. sweet fruity apricot pineapple tropical banana |
| Flavor Type: Fruity | |
| fruity, jammy, banana, licorice, tropical, apricot, estery, rummy | |
| Luebke, William tgsc, (1983) | Fruity jammy banana licorice tropical apricot estery rummy |
| General comment | SWEET FRUITY |
Occurrences
| (data available) |
Potential Uses
| Applications | |
| Odor purposes | Apricot , Fruit , Pineapple |
| Cosmetic purposes | Perfuming agents |
Safety Information
Safety information
| Preferred SDS: View | |
| European information : | |
| Most important hazard(s): | |
| Xi - Irritant | |
| R 10 - Flammable. R 38 - Irritating to skin. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. | |
| Hazards identification | |
| Classification of the substance or mixture | |
| GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS) | |
| None found. | |
| GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements | |
| Pictogram | |
| Hazard statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Precautionary statement(s) | |
| None found. | |
| Oral/Parenteral Toxicity: | |
| oral-rat LD50 > 14000 mg/kg BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE (GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) LIVER: OTHER CHANGES Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 197, 1992. | |
| Dermal Toxicity: | |
| skin-rabbit LD50 > 14000 mg/kg LIVER: OTHER CHANGES GASTROINTESTINAL: "HYPERMOTILITY, DIARRHEA" MUSCULOSKELETAL: OTHER CHANGES Acute Toxicity Data. Journal of the American College of Toxicology, Part B. Vol. 1, Pg. 197, 1992. | |
| Inhalation Toxicity: | |
| Not determined | |
Safety in use information
| Category: | |||
| flavor and fragrance agents | |||
| RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search | |||
| IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice | |||
| Recommendation for amyl propionate usage levels up to: | |||
| 4.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate. | |||
Safety references
| EPI System: View |
| AIDS Citations:Search |
| Cancer Citations:Search |
| Toxicology Citations:Search |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):624-54-4 |
| EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data |
| EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry |
| Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :12217 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data |
| WISER:UN 3272 |
| WGK Germany:1 |
| pentyl propanoate |
| Chemidplus:0000624544 |
| EPA/NOAA CAMEO:hazardous materials |
| RTECS:UA2533000 for cas# 624-54-4 |