propyl salicylate

Propyl salicylate is a chemical ester with the molecular formula C₁₀H₁₂O₃, functionally described as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester. It appears as a clear liquid with a characteristic floral odor having additional fruity nuances reminiscent of vine, clover, and plum. This compound is known by several synonyms including propyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, salicylic acid propyl ester, and n-propyl salicylate. It is classified within fragrance agents and linked in chemical databases such as PubChem (CID 69092). Procured typically through chemical synthesis from salicylic acid derivatives, propyl salicylate serves as a valuable component in perfumery due to its distinct olfactory profile.

Propyl salicylate occurs primarily as a synthesized ester and does not naturally accumulate in significant biological systems. It is extensively employed in fragrance formulations to impart floral, clover, magnolia, orchid, plum, and wallflower notes. Usage also extends to enhancing vine-like qualities in scent blends. The application of propyl salicylate aligns with recommendations established in the IFRA (Global) Code of Practice, which governs fragrance ingredient use standards internationally. This ensures controlled use levels that balance efficacy with safety in consumer products.

Propyl salicylate exhibits physicochemical characteristics that influence its integration into formulations. It has a melting point range of 96 to 97°C and a boiling point near 239 to 240°C at atmospheric pressure (760 mm Hg). The compound’s specific gravity at 20°C ranges from 1.097 to 1.101, and its refractive index varies between 1.514 and 1.517 under the same conditions. A partition coefficient (log P) of approximately 3.8 indicates moderate lipophilicity, affecting its solubility and permeability in formulations. Its vapor pressure is low at 0.027 mmHg at 25°C, suggesting limited volatility. Propyl salicylate is soluble in alcohol and has an estimated water solubility of 118.8 mg/L at 25°C, yet it is generally considered insoluble in pure water. These properties contribute to its suitability for stable fragrance compositions.

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
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(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
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Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
Xi - Irritant
R 36/38 - Irritating to skin and eyes. S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 36 - Wear suitable protective clothing.
Hazards identification
Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements
Pictogram
Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
Not determined
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
fragrance agents
RIFM Fragrance Material Safety Assessment: Search
IFRA Code of Practice Notification of the 49th Amendment to the IFRA Code of Practice
Recommendation for propyl salicylate usage levels up to:
	2.0000 % in the fragrance concentrate.
Recommendation for propyl salicylate flavor usage levels up to:
	not for flavor use.

Safety references

EPI System: View

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):607-90-9

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :69092

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WGK Germany:3

propyl 2-hydroxybenzoate

Chemidplus:0000607909