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laevo-arginine

General Material Information

Preferred name	laevo-arginine
Trivial Name	L-Arginine
Short Description	L-arginine
Formula	C6 H14 N4 O2
CAS Number	74-79-3
Deleted CAS Number	142-49-4
FEMA Number	3819
Flavis Number	17.003
ECHA Number	200-811-1
FDA UNII	94ZLA3W45F
Nikkaji Number	J9.182K
Beilstein Number	1725413
MDL	MFCD00002635
COE Number	11890
Bio Activity Summary	External link
NMR Predictor	External link
JECFA Food Flavoring	1438 L-arginine
FDA Patent	No longer provide for the use of these seven synthetic flavoring substances
FDA Mainterm	74-79-3 ; L-ARGININE
Synonyms	ajipure arginine (S)-2-amino-5-((aminoiminomethyl)amino) pentanoic acid (S)-2-amino-5-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)pentanoic acid (2S)-2-amino-5-(carbamimidamido)pentanoic acid (2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid (S)-2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoic acid S-(+)-2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoic acid (2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoic acid (2S)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid (S)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid L-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid (S)-2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid L-2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid laevo-2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid L-a- amino-d-guanidinovaleric acid L-alpha- amino-delta-quanidinovaleric acid laevo-alpha- amino-delta-quanidinovaleric acid N5-( aminoiminomethyl)-L-ornithine 5-(( aminoiminomethyl)amino)-laevo-norvaline 5-[( aminoiminomethyl)amino]-L-norvaline L- arginin (S)-(+)- arginine biotive L- arginine L- arginine L-(+)- arginine L-alpha- arginine L(+)- arginine laevo-(+)- arginine arginine AKG L- arginine base L- arginine USP arginine, L- N5-( diaminomethylene)-L-ornithine L- ornithine, N5-(aminoiminomethyl)- L- ornithine, N5-(diaminomethylene)- pentanoic acid, 2-amino-5-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)-, (S)- pentanoic acid, 2-amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-, (S)- L-nor valine, 5-((aminoiminomethyl)amino)- L-nor valine, 5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]- L-Arginine Arginine L-(+)-Arginine (S)-2-Amino-5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]pentanoic acid L-Norvaline, 5-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]- L-Ornithine, N5-(aminoiminomethyl)- L-α-Amino-δ-guanidinovaleric acid L-Arg NSC 206269 L-arginine C Grade A 0526 (2S)-2-Amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid 42: PN: WO2020027640 SEQID: 105 claimed protein 42: PN: KR20200014684 SEQID: 105 claimed sequence 117: PN: WO2021061872 SEQID: 117 claimed protein 87: PN: WO2022010798 SEQID: 89 claimed protein 381: PN: WO2022056313 SEQID: 385 claimed protein 42: PN: WO2022204326 SEQID: 76 claimed protein 102: PN: WO2022204151 SEQID: 102 claimed protein 11: PN: WO2022235295 SEQID: 117 claimed protein 3: PN: WO2022269549 PAGE: 98 claimed sequence MeSH ID: D001120 393: PN: WO2023172654 SEQID: 395 claimed sequence 14: PN: US20240293544 SEQID: 117 claimed protein

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Literature & References

	(2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid
NIST Chemistry WebBook:	Search Inchi
Canada Domestic Sub. List:	74-79-3
Pubchem (cid):	6322
Pubchem (sid):	134970564

Publications by PubMed
Sub-chronic concomitant ingestion of L-arginine and monosodium glutamate improves feed efficiency, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in male Wistar rats.
Peroxisomal plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS) protein is imported by peroxisomal targeting signal type 2 (PTS2) in a process that depends on the cytosolic receptor PEX7 and calmodulin.
L-arginine conjugates of bile acids-a possible treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Consuming a mixed diet enriched with lupin protein beneficially affects plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects: A randomized controlled trial.
ZnCl2-mediated practical protocol for the synthesis of Amadori ketoses.
Dietary L-arginine modulates immunosuppression in broilers inoculated with an intermediate strain of infectious bursa disease virus.
Arginine-derived advanced glycation end products generated in Peptide-glucose mixtures during boiling.
Investigations into aggregate formation with oppositely charged oil-in-water emulsions at different pH values.
Hormonal response to L-arginine supplementation in physically active individuals.
Effects of 7-NI and ODQ on memory in the passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and social transmission of food preference tests in mice.
Neuroprotective and Anti-Apoptotic Propensity of Bacopa monniera Extract Against Sodium Nitroprusside Induced Activation of iNOS, Heat Shock Proteins and Apoptotic Markers in PC12 Cells.
Decreased Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of L-Carnitine in Non-Apolipoprotein E4 Carriers at Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease.
Serum amino acids profile and the beneficial effects of L-arginine or L-glutamine supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium colitis.
Contribution of dopaminergic and adenosinergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of p-chloro-selenosteroid.
L-arginine does not improve biochemical and hormonal response in trained runners after 4 weeks of supplementation.
L-arginine abolishes the hypothalamic serotonergic activation induced by central interleukin-1Î² administration to normal rats.
Endothelium-dependent Effect of Sesame Seed Feeding on Vascular Reactivity of Streptozotocin-diabetic Rats: Underlying Mechanisms.
Nitric oxide drives embryonic myogenesis in chicken through the upregulation of myogenic differentiation factors.
NMDA receptors and the L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway are implicated in the antidepressant-like action of the ethanolic extract from Tabebuia avellanedae in mice.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 partly mediates hypotensive effect of nitrite on l-NAME-induced hypertension in normoxic rat.
The ER stress-mediated decrease in DDAH1 expression is involved in formaldehyde-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells.
Beneficial effects of cod protein on inflammatory cell accumulation in rat skeletal muscle after injury are driven by its high levels of arginine, glycine, taurine and lysine.
A 'conovenomic' analysis of the milked venom from the mollusk-hunting cone snail Conus textile--the pharmacological importance of post-translational modifications.
Nutrition supplementation for diabetic wound healing: a systematic review of current literature.
L-arginine and nitric oxide in CNS function and neurodegenerative diseases.
A novel amperometric biosensor based on a co-crosslinked L-lysine-Î±-oxidase/overoxidized polypyrrole bilayer for the highly selective determination of L-lysine.
Influence of obestatin on the gastric longitudinal smooth muscle from mice: mechanical and electrophysiological studies.
Reduction of photosynthetic sensitivity in response to abiotic stress in tomato is mediated by a new generation plant activator.
Specific amino acids inhibit food intake via the area postrema or vagal afferents.
The role of L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in bacterial translocation.
Antioxidant activity of simvastatin prevents L-arginine-induced acute toxicity of pancreas.
Arginine and nitric oxide synthase: regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular aspects.
Intake of Blueberry Fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum Affects the Gut Microbiota of L-NAME Treated Rats.
Effects of watermelon supplementation on arterial stiffness and wave reflection amplitude in postmenopausal women.
Supplementation with apple enriched with L-arginine may improve metabolic control and survival rate in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Biosafety and antioxidant effects of a beverage containing silymarin and arginine. A pilot, human intervention cross-over trial.
The potential for enhancement of immunity in cats by dietary supplementation.
Nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation effects of anti-angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) peptide from Styela clava flesh tissue and its anti-hypertensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Evaluation of adaptive relaxation of the rat stomach using an orally inserted balloon instead of surgical intervention by demonstrating the effects of capsaicin and NÏ-nitro-L-arginine methylester.
Nitric oxide in the hippocampal cortical area interacts with naloxone in inducing pain.
Effect of procyanidin C1 on nitric oxide production and hyperpolarization through Ca(2+)-dependent pathway in endothelial cells.
Variables controlling entry into and exit from the steady-state, one of two modes of feeding in Aplysia.
Chronic l-arginine treatment improves metabolic, cardiovascular and liver complications in diet-induced obesity in rats.
Protective effect of Acer mono Max. sap on water immersion restraint stress-induced gastric ulceration.
Antihypertensive effect of boysenberry seed polyphenols on spontaneously hypertensive rats and identification of orally absorbable proanthocyanidins with vasorelaxant activity.
Effects of "Bioactive" amino acids leucine, glutamate, arginine and tryptophan on feed intake and mRNA expression of relative neuropeptides in broiler chicks.
Novel CCK-dependent vasorelaxing dipeptide, Arg-Phe, decreases blood pressure and food intake in rodents.
Epigallocatechin gallate promotes the vasorelaxation power of the antiatherosclerotic dipeptide Trp-His in contracted rat aorta.
Fraction SX of maitake mushroom favorably influences blood glucose levels and blood pressure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Safety of a probiotic cheese containing Lactobacillus plantarum Tensia according to a variety of health indices in different age groups.
Bitter taste inhibiting agents for whey protein hydrolysate and whey protein hydrolysate beverages.
Shrimp waste extract and astaxanthin: rat alveolar macrophage, oxidative stress and inflammation.
Purification and characterization of an L-amino acid oxidase from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813.
Bacterium-generated nitric oxide hijacks host tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling and modulates the host cell cycle in vitro.
Nitric oxide as a regulator of behavior: new ideas from Aplysia feeding.
Temporal candidate gene expression in the sow placenta and embryo during early gestation and effect of maternal Progenos supplementation on embryonic and placental development.
Natural product extract of Dicksonia sellowiana induces endothelium-dependent relaxations by a redox-sensitive Src- and Akt-dependent activation of eNOS in porcine coronary arteries.
Antidiabetic and antihypertensive effect of a polyphenol-rich fraction of Thymelaea hirsuta L. in a model of neonatal streptozotocin-diabetic and N(G) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-hypertensive rats.
The NADPH oxidase-mediated production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and resistance to oxidative stress in the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria alternata of citrus.
Sub-chronic concomitant ingestion of L-arginine and monosodium glutamate improves feed efficiency, lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity in male Wistar rats.
Watermelon extract supplementation reduces ankle blood pressure and carotid augmentation index in obese adults with prehypertension or hypertension.
High tea and vegetable consumption is associated with low ADMA generation in older healthy subjects.
Mackerel trypsin purified from defatted viscera by supercritical carbon dioxide.
Improved synthesis of lysine- and arginine-derived Amadori and Heyns products and in vitro measurement of their angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity.
Arginine-rich coconut kernel diet influences nitric oxide synthase activity in alloxandiabetic rats.
Effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects of pumpkin seed oil.
L-Arginine but not L-glutamine likely increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance exercise.
Discovery of salt taste enhancing arginyl dipeptides in protein digests and fermented fish sauces by means of a sensomics approach.
Effect of butylated hydroxytoluene (E321) pretreatment versus L-arginine on liver injury after sub-lethal dose of endotoxin administration.
Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) relaxes the isolated rat thoracic aorta through endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Bitter melon extracts in diabetic and normal rats favorably influence blood glucose and blood pressure regulation.
Anorexigenic action of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in the raphe nuclei.
Spectrophotometric determination of various polyanions with polymeric film optodes using microtiter plate reader.
Effects of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) extract and N-nitro-L-arginine on renal function and ultrastructure of kidney cells in experimental type 2 Diabetes.
Antihypertensive and cardiovascular effects of catechin-rich oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) leaf extract in nitric oxide-deficient rats.
Effect of supplementation during pregnancy with L-arginine and antioxidant vitamins in medical food on pre-eclampsia in high risk population: randomised controlled trial.
Preharvest L-arginine treatment induced postharvest disease resistance to Botrysis cinerea in tomato fruits.
Involvement of nitric oxide in corticosterone release and glucose metabolism in food deprived rats.
Astragaloside IV improves metabolic syndrome and endothelium dysfunction in fructose-fed rats.
Garlic allicin as a potential agent for controlling oral pathogens.
L-arginine enhances immunity to parasitoids in Drosophila melanogaster and increases NO production in lamellocytes.
Dietary arginine depletion reduces depressive-like responses in male, but not female, mice.
Neurons controlling Aplysia feeding inhibit themselves by continuous NO production.
Intragastric pressure during food intake: a physiological and minimally invasive method to assess gastric accommodation.
L-arginine via nitric oxide is an inhibitory feedback modulator of Aplysia feeding.
The role of nitric oxide in convulsions induced by lindane in rats.
Expression in Escherichia coli, refolding, and purification of the recombinant mature form of human matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP-7).
Beneficial effects of Emblica officinalis in L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
L-arginine and L-glutamine as immunonutrients and modulating agents for oxidative stress and toxicity induced by sodium nitrite in rats.
Nuts and berries for heart health.
Synergistic vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of Ligusticum wallichii and Angelica gigas.
Production of the amino acids l-glutamate, l-lysine, l-ornithine and l-arginine from arabinose by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Up-regulating arginase contributes to amelioration of chilling stress and the antioxidant system in cherry tomato fruits.
Effects of watermelon supplementation on aortic blood pressure and wave reflection in individuals with prehypertension: a pilot study.
Effects of sea hare ink secretion and its escapin-generated components on a variety of predatory fishes.
Autonomic nervous system and nitric oxide in antihypertensive and cardiac inhibitory effects induced by red mold rice in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Inhibition of the mechanical activity of mouse ileum by cactus pear (Opuntia Ficus Indica, L, Mill.) fruit extract and its pigment indicaxanthin.
NO-synthase independent NO generation in mammals.
Biochemical properties of anionic trypsin acting at high concentration of NaCl purified from the intestine of a carnivorous fish: smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus).
The effects of a lupin-enriched diet on oxidative stress and factors influencing vascular function in overweight subjects.
Rapakinin, an anti-hypertensive peptide derived from rapeseed protein, dilates mesenteric artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats via the prostaglandin IP receptor followed by CCK(1) receptor.
Chicken collagen hydrolysate protects rats from hypertension and cardiovascular damage.
Global regulation of food supply by Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E.
A Maillard reaction product enhances eNOS activity in human endothelial cells.
Copper binding dynamics and olfactory impairment in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).
Gastroprotective effect of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae): involvement of sensory neurons, endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryls, and nitric oxide.
Bisabolol-induced gastroprotection against acute gastric lesions: role of prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and KATP+ channels.
Effect of acute copper sulfate exposure on olfactory responses to amino acids and pheromones in goldfish (Carassius auratus).
Trypsin from the viscera of Bogue (Boops boops): isolation and characterisation.
Oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates blood pressure response to cold pressor test in young men.
Role of asymmetric-dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in female subjects with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Effects of dietary L-arginine intake on cardiorespiratory and metabolic adaptation in athletes.
Nutritional epidemiology in the context of nitric oxide biology: a risk-benefit evaluation for dietary nitrite and nitrate.
Short communication: Nalpha-lauroyl-L-arginine ethylester monohydrochloride reduces bacterial growth in pasteurized milk.
PPAR-gamma agonist rosiglitazone reverses increased cerebral venous hydraulic conductivity during hypertension.
Effect of lycopene and epigallocatechin-3-gallate against 3-nitropropionic acid induced cognitive dysfunction and glutathione depletion in rat: a novel nitric oxide mechanism.
Trypsin from the pyloric ceca of pectoral rattail (Coryphaenoides pectoralis): purification and characterization.
The role of nitric oxide in the inhibitory effect of ghrelin against penicillin-induced epileptiform activity in rat.
Oral supplementation of propionyl-l-carnitine reduces body weight and hyperinsulinaemia in obese Zucker rats.
Toxic effect of melanoidins from glucose-asparagine on trypsin activity.
Dietary supplementation of L-arginine and conjugated linoleic acid reduces retroperitoneal fat mass and increases lean body mass in rats.
Beneficial Effect of Food Substitute Containing L-Arginine, omega-3 Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid, and Ribonucleic Acid in Preventing or Improving Metabolic Syndrome: A Study in 15 Overweight Patients and a Study of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Animals.
Anti-hypertensive nutraceuticals and functional foods.
Carbamoylphosphate synthetase activity is essential for the optimal growth of Streptococcus thermophilus in milk.
Central administration of metastin increases food intake through opioid neurons in chicks.
Physical exercise attenuates the cardiac autonomic deficit induced by nitric oxide synthesis blockade.
Year-long changes in protein metabolism in elderly men and women supplemented with a nutrition cocktail of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), L-arginine, and L-lysine.
Sodium, hypertension, and an explanation of the "lag phenomenon" in hemodialysis patients.
Effects of aglycone genistein in a rat experimental model of postmenopausal metabolic syndrome.
Dietary arginine supplementation enhances antioxidative capacity and improves meat quality of finishing pigs.
Norfuraneol dephosphorylates eNOS at threonine 495 and enhances eNOS activity in human endothelial cells.
Metabolomic analysis of the response of growing pigs to dietary L-arginine supplementation.
Oral contraceptive administration aggravates nitric oxide synthesis inhibition-induced high blood pressure in female rats.
Methylated arginine derivatives in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease.
Strawberry extract caused endothelium-dependent relaxation through the activation of PI3 kinase/Akt.
Comparative evaluation of the hypolipidemic effects of coconut water and lovastatin in rats fed fat-cholesterol enriched diet.
Comparative study on the proteases from fish pyloric caeca and the use for production of gelatin hydrolysate with antioxidative activity.
Subfornical organ mediates pressor effect of angiotensin: Influence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, AT(1) and AT(2) angiotensin antagonist's receptors.
Dietary L-arginine supplementation increases muscle gain and reduces body fat mass in growing-finishing pigs.
Dietary arginine supplementation during early pregnancy enhances embryonic survival in rats.
Pyloric sphincter dysfunction in nNOS-/- and W/Wv mutant mice: animal models of gastroparesis and duodenogastric reflux.
Quantitative studies and taste re-engineering experiments toward the decoding of the nonvolatile sensometabolome of Gouda cheese.
Purification and characterization of a cathepsin L-like enzyme from the body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus.
Soy protein hydrolysate ameliorates cardiovascular remodeling in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension.
Oxidative alterations induced by D-aspartic acid in prepubertal rat testis in vitro: a mechanistic study.
Thermodynamic analysis of L-arginine and N omega-hydroxy-L-arginine binding to nitric oxide synthase.
Risk assessment for the amino acids taurine, L-glutamine and L-arginine.
Nitric oxide levels in rat hypothalamus are increased by restraint stress and decreased by biting.
Cirsium japonicum elicits endothelium-dependent relaxation via histamine H(1)-receptor in rat thoracic aorta.
Effects of Maillard reaction products on hilA expression in Salmonella typhimurium.
Met-Arg-Trp derived from Rubisco lowers blood pressure via prostaglandin D(2)-dependent vasorelaxation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Antihypertensive effect of biotin in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
A potent hypotensive peptide, novokinin, induces relaxation by AT2- and IP-receptor-dependent mechanism in the mesenteric artery from SHRs.
Mechanism whereby nitric oxide (NO) infused chronically intrauterine in ewes is antiluteolytic rather than being luteolytic.
Nebivolol in the treatment of chronic heart failure.
Effect of esophageal distention on basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats.
Dietary supplementation with watermelon pomace juice enhances arginine availability and ameliorates the metabolic syndrome in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.
Nalpha-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-histidine ("D-Fructose-L-histidine"): a potent copper chelator from tomato powder.
Antispasmodic, bronchodilator and vasodilator activities of (+)-catechin, a naturally occurring flavonoid.
Dietary effects of structured lipids and phytosteryl esters on cardiovascular function in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Inhibition of trypsin by condensed tannins and wine.
Interaction of leptin and nitric oxide on food intake in broilers and Leghorns.
Peripheral or central administration of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor affects feeding behavior in chicks.
Two trypsin isoforms from the intestine of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus).
Adverse gastrointestinal effects of arginine and related amino acids.
Potential of intestinal electrical stimulation for obesity: a preliminary canine study.
Anterior segment complications of a nutritional supplement.
Effects of ghrelin on feeding regulation and interdigestive migrating complex in rats.
Oral administration of both tetrahydrobiopterin and L-arginine prevents endothelial dysfunction in rats with chronic renal failure.
Influence of model melanoidins on calcium-dependent transport mechanisms in smooth muscle tissue.
Effects of allyl isothiocyanate from horseradish on several experimental gastric lesions in rats.
Methylamine-dependent release of nitric oxide and dopamine in the CNS modulates food intake in fasting rats.
Alpha-lactalbumin suppresses interleukin-6 release after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion via nitric oxide in rats.
Enhanced food intake after stimulation of hypothalamic P2Y1 receptors in rats: modulation of feeding behaviour by extracellular nucleotides.
[Effect of L-arginine on diabetic rats].
High-level resistance to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin associated with a novel mutation in gyrB in toxin-A-negative, toxin-B-positive Clostridium difficile.
Beneficial effects of coconut water feeding on lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats.
Inverse relationship between nitric oxide synthases and endothelin-1 synthesis in bovine corpus luteum: interactions at the level of luteal endothelial cell.
Dietary silica modifies the characteristics of endothelial dilation in rat aorta.
Central glucagon like peptide-1 delays solid gastric emptying via central CRF and peripheral sympathetic pathway in rats.
Effects of combined supplementation with B vitamins and antioxidants on plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) in subjects with elevated risk for cardiovascular disease.
Purification and characterization of trypsin from the spleen of tongol tuna (Thunnus tonggol).
Vascular action of cocoa flavanols in humans: the roots of the story.
Aqueous extract of Schizandra chinensis fruit causes endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation of isolated rat thoracic aorta.
Argatroban: a direct thrombin inhibitor with reliable and predictable anticoagulant actions.
Role of gastric oxidative stress and nitric oxide in formation of hemorrhagic erosion in rats with ischemic brain.
Pathways and regulation of bacterial arginine metabolism and perspectives for obtaining arginine overproducing strains.
Effect of diet and omega-3 fatty acid intervention on asymmetric dimethylarginine.
Elevations of plasma methylarginines in obesity and ageing are related to insulin sensitivity and rates of protein turnover.
Immune-enhancing diet and cytokine expression during chronic sepsis: an immune-enhancing diet containing L-arginine, fish oil, and RNA fragments promotes intestinal cytokine expression during chronic sepsis in rats.
Acute responses to phytoestrogens in small arteries from men with coronary heart disease.
Role of dietary l-arginine supplementation on serum parameters and intestinal enzyme activities in rats fed an excess-fat diet.
An investigation of the molecular mechanisms contributing to high-level erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter.
Antioxidant potential of thymol determined by chemiluminescence inhibition in human neutrophils and cell-free systems.
Inorganic arsenic compounds cause oxidative damage to DNA and protein by inducing ROS and RNS generation in human keratinocytes.
Isoflavone genistein and daidzein up-regulate LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase activity through estrogen receptor pathway in RAW264.7 cells.
Effect of individual amino acids and glucose on activation and germination of Rhizopus oligosporus sporangiospores in tempe starter.
Modulatory role of green tea extract on antinociceptive effect of morphine in diabetic mice.
Protective effects of L-arginine on pulmonary oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses during exhaustive exercise in rats.
Radix angelica elicits both nitric oxide-dependent and calcium influx-mediated relaxation in rat aorta.
l-Arginine attenuates cardiovascular impairment in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats.
Orexin-A-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide.
Effects of intrauterine food restriction and long-term dietary supplementation with L-arginine on age-related changes in renal function and structure of rats.
Effects of maternal hypoxia or nutrient restriction during pregnancy on endothelial function in adult male rat offspring.
Delphinidin-3-rutinoside relaxes the bovine ciliary smooth muscle through activation of ETB receptor and NO/cGMP pathway.
The role of arginine in infection and sepsis.
An oral yohimbine/L-arginine combination (NMI 861) for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction: a pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and interaction study with intravenous nitroglycerine in healthy male subjects.
[Study on acute pancreatitis-associated lung injury induced by L-arginine in mice].
Interactions between nitric oxide and arachidonic acid in lung epithelial cells: possible roles for peroxynitrite and superoxide.
Effects of estrous synchronization on response to nitric oxide donors, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, and endothelin-1 in vitro.
[Role of nitric oxide in the NKCC2 hyperactivity of Dahl "salt-sensitive" rats].
Impairment of olfactory discrimination by blockade of nitric oxide activity in the terrestrial slug Limax valentianus.
Role of vagus nerve in postprandial antropyloric coordination in conscious dogs.
Sepsis: an arginine deficiency state?
Current and future treatment strategies for refractory angina.
Potential ergogenic effects of arginine and creatine supplementation.
Modulation of small intestinal nitric oxide synthase by gum arabic.
Effects of boiling on the antihypertensive and antioxidant activities of onion.
Application of stepwise discriminant analysis to classify commercial orange juices using chiral micellar electrokinetic chromatography-laser induced fluorescence data of amino acids.
Effects of prostaglandin F(2alpha) and nitric oxide on the secretory function of bovine luteal cells.
Evidence that high-dose L-arginine may be inappropriate for use by diabetic patients as a prophylactic blocker of methylglyoxal glycation.
Nitric oxide accelerates interleukin-13 cytotoxin-mediated regression in head and neck cancer animal model.
Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: a randomized controlled trial.
Vasorelaxation induced by common edible tropical plant extracts in isolated rat aorta and mesenteric vascular bed.
Hypercholesterolemia in rats induces podocyte stress and decreases renal cortical nitric oxide synthesis via an angiotensin II type 1 receptor-sensitive mechanism.
Analysis of the action of compounds that inhibit the germination of spores of Bacillus species.
Dietary arginine supplementation enhances the growth of milk-fed young pigs.
Dietary L-arginine supplementation enhances endothelial nitric oxide synthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Dietary L-arginine restores aspirin-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta.
Endothelin-like action of Pausinystalia yohimbe aqueous extract on vascular and renal regional hemodynamics in Sprague Dawley rats.
Effects of nitric oxide on morphine self-administration in rat.
Toxicological and metabolic investigations of the safety of N-alpha-lauroyl-L-arginine ethyl ester monohydrochloride (LAE).
Pseudoalteromonas sagamiensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium that produces protease inhibitors.
Nitric oxide levels in human preneoplastic colonocytes determine their susceptibility toward antineoplastic agents.
Effectiveness of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker on atrial natriuretic peptide.
A diet fortified with L-lysine and L-arginine reduces plasma cortisol and blocks anxiogenic response to transportation in pigs.
Factors involved in the development of hypertension induced by a low-protein diet in rats with renal injury.
Development of a selective broth medium for the detection of injured Campylobacter jejuni by capacitance monitoring.
A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, attenuates lipoprivic feeding in mice.
Assessing endothelial function as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Leptin induces growth hormone secretion from peripheral blood mononuclear cells via a protein kinase C- and nitric oxide-dependent mechanism.
Ghrelin-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide.
Protective effect of dietary nitrate on experimental gastritis in rats.
Behavioral effects of NMDA receptor agonists and antagonists in combination with nitric oxide-related compounds.
Maillard reaction products inhibit oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins in vitro.
No effect of an L-arginine-enriched medical food (HeartBars) on endothelial function and platelet aggregation in subjects with hypercholesterolemia.
Possible role of nitric oxide in radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction.
Synergistic suppression of superoxide and nitric oxide generation from inflammatory cells by combined food factors.
Administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor counteracts prostaglandin F2-induced luteolysis in cattle.
Efficacy of over-the-counter nutritional supplements.
Purification and characterization of the fusion protein trypsin-streptavidin expressed in Escherichia coli.
Arginase inhibition slows the progression of renal failure in rats with renal ablation.
Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy in rats increases systolic blood pressure and plasma nitrite.
L-citrulline recycling by argininosuccinate synthetase and lyase in rat gastric fundus.
Downregulation of nNOS and synthesis of PGs associated with endotoxin-induced delay in gastric emptying.
Developmental expression of eNOS in postnatal swine mesenteric artery.
Nitric oxide is necessary for multiple memory processes after learning that a food is inedible in aplysia.
Comparison of simultaneous administration of lithium with L-NAME or L-arginine on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Cephalic phase of acid secretion involves activation of medullary TRH receptor subtype 1 in rats.
L-Arginine effects on blood pressure and renal function of intrauterine restricted rats.
Protective effects of nitric oxide on hepatic steatosis induced by total parenteral nutrition in rats.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase delays the development of tolerance to LPS in rats.
Arginine intake, blood pressure, and the incidence of acute coronary events in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.
Role of nitric oxide in the gastric accommodation reflex and in meal induced satiety in humans.
Effects of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, 7-nitro indazole, and agmatine on pentylenetetrazol-induced discriminative stimulus in Long-Evans rats.
Use of alternative pharmacotherapy in management of cardiovascular diseases.
Circadian variation in the effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on body temperature, feeding and activity in rats.
Cardiac damage prevention by eplerenone: comparison with low sodium diet or potassium loading.
[An experimental study of the effects of early enteral feeding of L--arginine enriched food on postburn intestinal mucosal proliferation in rats].
Lipids and endothelium-dependent vasodilation--a review.
Current concepts in optimum nutrition for cardiovascular disease.
Enhanced nitric oxide inactivation and protein nitration by reactive oxygen species in renal insufficiency.
Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina.
Suppression of intestinal polyposis in Apc(Min/+) mice by inhibiting nitric oxide production.
Effects of gold banded lily (Lilium auratum Lindl) or Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L) on spontaneous mammary tumourigenesis in SHN mice.
Dominant effect of supplemented-sucrose on the low protein diet-induced increase in blood pressure of Sprague-Dawley rats.
Amylin potently activates AP neurons possibly via formation of the excitatory second messenger cGMP.
The effect of peptide-pectin interactions on the gelation behaviour of a plant cell wall pectin.
Effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on antropyloroduodenal motility and appetite in response to intraduodenal lipid infusion in humans.
Substance P and its transglutaminase-synthesized spermine derivative elicit yawning behavior via nitric oxide in rats.
[Purification and immobilization of the proteinase from mung bean burgeon inactivating soybean trypsin inhibitor].
Medical management of peripheral arterial disease.
Free radical production in aortic rings from rats fed a fish oil-rich diet.
Uremic levels of BUN do not cause nitric oxide deficiency in rats with normal renal function.
Quantitative measurement of the nitrate reductase activity in the human oral cavity.
Nitric oxide donating compounds inhibit HCl-induced gastric mucosal lesions mainly via prostaglandin.
Quantitative determination of L-arginine by enzymatic end-point analysis.
Blockade of nitric oxide formation enhances thermal and behavioral responses in rats during turpentine abscess.
The influence of methylene blue and L-NAME on the development of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats.
Increased nitric oxide in exhaled air after intake of a nitrate-rich meal.
Glomerular profile numerical density per area and mean glomerular volume in rats submitted to nitric oxide synthase blockade.
L-arginine partially reverses established adrenocorticotrophin-induced hypertension and nitric oxide deficiency in the rat.
Effects of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on hypophagia induced by the peripheral 5-HT receptor agonists, alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-carboxamidotryptamine in rats.
Influence of insulin on the metabolism of glucose in uteri isolated from ovariectomized and non ovariectomized underfed rats.
Repeated lipopolysaccharide administration produces tolerance to anorexia and fever but not to inhibition of thirst in rat.
Central leptin and cholecystokinin in gastroprotection against ethanol-induced damage.
Cranberry juice induces nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation in vitro and its infusion transiently reduces blood pressure in anesthetized rats.
Numerical density of cardiomyocytes in chronic nitric oxide synthesis inhibition.
Treatment with diazoxide causes prolonged improvement of beta-cell function in rat islets transplanted to a diabetic environment.
Blood pressure and metabolic changes during dietary L-arginine supplementation in humans.
Endogenous nitric oxide mediates pancreatic exocrine secretion stimulated by secretin and cholecystokinin in rats.
Nutritional therapy for peripheral arterial disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of HeartBar.
Involvement of nitric oxide in the 5-HT1A autoreceptor-mediated hyperphagia in rats.
Nitric oxide-mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat thoracic aorta induced by aqueous extract of red rice fermented with Monascus ruber.
Protective effects of several amino acid-nutrients on gastric hemorrhagic erosions in acid-irrigated stomachs of septic rats.
Vasopressin does not effect hypertension caused by long-term nitric oxide inhibition.
Olfactory discrimination of amino acids in brown bullhead catfish.
Effects of hypoxia and glutathione depletion on hemoglobin- and myoglobin-mediated oxidative stress toward endothelium.
Comparative study of pressure- and nutrient-induced germination of Bacillus subtilis spores.
Endogenous nitric oxide in the regulation of gastric secretory and motor activity in humans.
Increased susceptibility of diabetic rat gastric mucosa to food deprivation during cold stress.
Capsaicin induces cystatin S-like substances in submandibular saliva of the rat.
Leptin increases serotonin turnover by inhibition of brain nitric oxide synthesis.
Antiulcer effect of lafutidine on indomethacin-induced gastric antral ulcers in refed rats.
Evidence that nitric oxide stimulates feeding in the marsupial Sminthopsis crassicaudata.
A neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole reduces the 5-HT1A receptor against 8-OH-DPAT-elicited hyperphagia in rats.
Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent transport of L-arginine and L-alanine across dog intestinal brush border membrane vesicles.
Leptin in gastroprotection induced by cholecystokinin or by a meal. Role of vagal and sensory nerves and nitric oxide.
Human NK cells express endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide protects them from activation-induced cell death by regulating expression of TNF-alpha.
Comparison of the postprandial release of peptide YY and proglucagon-derived peptides in the rat.
A novel anti-hypertensive peptide derived from ovalbumin induces nitric oxide-mediated vasorelaxation in an isolated SHR mesenteric artery.
Methylglyoxal modification of protein. Chemical and immunochemical characterization of methylglyoxal-arginine adducts.
Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on short-term appetite and food intake in humans.
Arginine dihydrolase pathway in Lactobacillus plantarum from orange.
Age-related changes in adenosine 5'-triphosphate-induced constriction of isolated, perfused mesenteric arteries of rats.
Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) extracts alter vascular responses in rat aortae.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors do not substitute in rats trained to discriminate phencyclidine from saline.
Optimum dietary arginine:lysine ratio for broiler chickens is altered during heat stress in association with changes in intestinal uptake and dietary sodium chloride.
Changes in the regulation by endothelium of norepinephrine response in isolated, perfused mesenteric vascular bed of rats at different ages.
ET(A) receptor antagonist ameliorates nephrosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy induced in rat by prolonged inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis.
Partial N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency in a 13-year-old girl: diagnosis and response to treatment with N-carbamylglutamate.
The contribution of nitric oxide to renal vascular wall thickening in rats with L-NAME-induced hypertension.
Cholecystokinin affects gastric emptying and stomach motility in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.
Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by hawthorn extract in rat mesenteric artery.
Effects of intracerebroventricular leptin administration on food intake, body weight gain and diencephalic nitric oxide synthase activity in the mouse.
Differences in responses to norepinephrine and adenosine triphosphate in isolated, perfused mesenteric vascular beds between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Cellular pathways of mast cell- and capsaicin-sensitive nerve-evoked ileal submucosal arteriolar dilations.
Stress differentially induces cationic amino acid transporter gene expression.
Hypertensive response to chronic NO synthase inhibition is different in Sprague-Dawley rats from two suppliers.
Central nervous system nitric oxide synthase activity regulates insulin secretion and insulin action.
Effects of long-term oral L-arginine on esophageal motility and gallbladder dynamics in healthy humans.
A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine, attenuates glucoprivic feeding and deprivation-induced drinking in the mouse.
Effect of carotenoids on the respiratory burst of rat peritoneal macrophages.
N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester reduces stress-related feeding in the rat tail-pinch model.
Role of nitric oxide mechanisms in control of pyloric motility and transpyloric flow of liquids in conscious dogs.
Hemodynamic profile of corticotropin-induced hypertension in the rat.
Effects of L-arginine on angiotensin II-related water and salt intakes.
Purification and characterization of cathepsin L-like enzyme from the muscle of anchovy, Engraulis japonica.
Cardiovascular effects of chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis and dietary salt in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Dexamethasone-induced hypertension in the rat: effects of L-arginine.
Prolonged reduction of high blood pressure with human nitric oxide synthase gene delivery.
L-arginine as a therapeutic approach for the verotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
The effects of L-arginine on neointimal formation and vascular function following balloon injury in heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits.
Inhibition of nitric oxide modulates the effect of oral arginine supplementation in acute liver injury.
Visual and chemical release of feeding behavior in adult rainbow trout.
The effect of arginine supplementation on growth hormone release and intestinal mucosal growth after massive small bowel resection in growing rats.
Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on plasma motilin release in fasted dogs.
Involvement of nitric oxide in 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced hyperphagia in rats.
Regional blood flow in Dahl-Iwai salt-sensitive rats and the effects of dietary L-arginine supplementation.
Negative modulation of nitric oxide production by neurotensin as a putative mechanism of the diuretic action of SR 48692 in rats.
Dietary L-arginine supplementation normalizes platelet aggregation in hypercholesterolemic humans.
Comparison of the properties of trypsin immobilized on 2 Celite derivatives.
Amylin and food intake in mice: effects on motivation to eat and mechanism of action.
Dietary L-arginine in renal disease.
Possible involvement of nitric oxide in chlordiazepoxide-induced feeding in the mouse.
Inhibition of feeding by a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: effects of aging.
A diet enriched in protein accelerates diabetes manifestation in NOD mice.
Effect of enterostatin on insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin secretion in the perfused rat pancreas.
Arginine is not responsible for the activation of nitric oxide synthase by garlic.
Prevention of preeclampsia with calcium supplementation and its relation with the L-arginine:nitric oxide pathway.
Weight gain and increased concentrations of receptor proteins for tumor necrosis factor after patients with symptomatic HIV infection received fortified nutrition support.
Effect of Pasteurella multocida vaccination on buffalo polymorphonuclear hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production.
Induction of nitric oxide synthesis in murine macrophages by Helicobacter pylori.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors produce phencyclidine-like behavioral effects in pigeons.
Decrease in sensitisation rate and intestinal anaphylactic response after nitric oxide synthase inhibition in a food hypersensitivity model.
Nitric oxide, but not serotonin, is involved in acquisition of food-attraction conditioning in the snail Helix pomatia.
L-Arginine inhibits in vitro nonenzymatic glycation and advanced glycosylated end product formation of human serum albumin.
[Excess dietary arginine inhibits the development of the food-acquisition habit in white rats].
Elevated L-arginine/dimethylarginine ratio contributes to enhanced systemic NO production by dietary L-arginine in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.
L-arginine prevents corticotropin-induced increases in blood pressure in the rat.
L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine potently inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and is superior to NG-monomethyl-arginine in vitro and in vivo.
Comparison of trypsin and chymotrypsin from the viscera of anchovy, Engraulis japonica.
Mechanisms mediating NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypophagia in mice.
Changes in eating behavior and thermogenic activity following inhibition of nitric oxide formation.
Response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growing from 50 to 170 g to supplements of either L-arginine or L-threonine in a semipurified diet.
The selective beneficial effects of nitric oxide inhibition in experimental colitis.
Supplemental L-arginine attenuates pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis attenuates alcohol consumption in two strains of alcohol-preferring rats.
Immunolocalization of soluble guanylyl cyclase subunits in rat kidney.
Chronic administration of L-NAME in drinking water alters working memory in rats.
Endogenous nitric oxide modulates behavioural effects elicited by substance P in rat.
Effect of chronic treatment with prazosin and L-arginine on the elevation of blood pressure during cold exposure.
Role of nitric oxide in gastroduodenal alkaline secretion.
Interleukin 1 beta induces diabetes and fever in normal rats by nitric oxide via induction of different nitric oxide synthases.
Nitric oxide controls feeding behavior in the chicken.
Modulation of immune function and weight loss by L-arginine in obstructive jaundice in the rat.
The significance of apical K+ channels in mudpuppy feeding behavior.
Dietary supplementation of L-arginine ameliorates renal hypertrophy in rats fed a high-protein diet.
Rat gastric motor response to food protein-induced anaphylaxis.
Nitric oxide and the interrelation between intestinal motility and pancreatic secretion in fasted and fed dogs.
Proteolytic and lipolytic activities of Micrococcus roseus (65), Halomonas elongata (16) and Vibrio sp. (168) isolated from Danish bacon curing brines.
Consummatory feeding behavior to amino acids in intact and anosmic channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus.
Chemical and visual control of feeding and escape behaviors in the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus.
Central serotoninergic system involvement in the anorexia induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.
Nitric oxide produced during murine listeriosis is protective.
Food deprivation increases brain nitric oxide synthase and depresses brain serotonin levels in rats.
Effect of competitive antagonism of NO synthetase on weight and food intake in obese and diabetic mice.
L-arginine administration prevents glomerular hyperfiltration and decreases proteinuria in diabetic rats.
Effects of serine protease inhibitor, TAME, on IL-1 beta in LPS-stimulated human monocytes: relationship between synthesis and release of a 33-kDa precursor and the 17-kDa biologically active species.
Kinetic analysis of papaya proteinase omega.
The effect of food chemicals on cell aging of human diploid cells in in vitro culture.
Effect of in vivo inhibition of nitric oxide production in murine leishmaniasis.
Angiotensin blockade reverses hypertension during long-term nitric oxide synthase inhibition.
Oral arginine supplementation does not affect lymphocyte proliferation during endotoxin-induced inflammation in rats.
Endogenous nitric oxide modulates morphine-induced changes in locomotion and food intake in mice.
Anorectic activity of NG-nitro-L-arginine, an inhibitor of brain nitric oxide synthase, in obese Zucker rats.
Inhibition of NO synthesis has an additive effect on hypertension induced by ACTH in conscious rats.
[Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies on cefepime dihydrochloride administered subcutaneously to rats during the premating, gestation and lactation periods].
[Cefepime (BMY-28142 diHCl/L-arginine blend): one-month repeated dose subcutaneous toxicity study in rats].
Competitive antagonism of nitric oxide synthetase causes weight loss in mice.
Nitroxergic nerves mediate vagally induced relaxation in the isolated stomach of the guinea pig.
Comparison of vasopressor effects of nitro arginine in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats.
Involvement of nitric oxide in the reflex relaxation of the stomach to accommodate food or fluid.
L-nitroarginine increases blood pressure in the rat.
Studies on the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids in Datura stramonium L. transformed root cultures : 2. On the relative contributions of L-arginine and L-ornithine to the formation of the tropane ring.
Evidence that nitric oxide modulates food intake in mice.
Improved fluorogenic assay for rapid detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in foods.
Use of MRSD medium and the hydrophobic grid membrane filter technique to differentiate between pediococci and lactobacilli in fermented meat and starter cultures.
Physiology of chemoreceptor cells in the legs of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Messenger RNA levels of plasma proteins in rat liver during protein depletion and refeeding.
Comparative effects of individual amino acid excesses when added to a corn-soybean meal diet: effects on growth and dietary choice in the chick.
Effect of excess levels of methionine, tryptophan, arginine, lysine or threonine on growth and dietary choice in the pig.
Stimulatory effect of arginine on acetylglutamate synthesis in isolated mitochondria of mouse and rat liver.
Behavioral study of chemoreception in the sea star Marthasterias glacialis: structure-activity relationships of lactic acid, amino acids, and acetylcholine.
Amino acid suppression of taurine-sensitive chemosensory neurons.
Effect of arginine on the carcinogenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.
Oral administration of arginine and citrulline in the treatment of lysinuric protein intolerance.
Vibrio furnissii (formerly aerogenic biogroup of Vibrio fluvialis), a new species isolated from human feces and the environment.
Effect of thermal treatments on immunoreactivity and proteolytic activity of papain.
Atypical biogroups of Escherichia coli found in clinical specimens and description of Escherichia hermannii sp. nov.
Formation of N-nitrosoproline by reacting nitrite with L-citrulline and L-arginine.
Intestinal transport of amino acids in protein-deficient rats and the effect of rehabilitation using a casein diet.
[Cholinergic regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in healthy people and in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes].
The control of food mobilization in seeds of Cucumis sativus L. : III. The control of protein degradation.
Production of oxytetracycline by Streptomyces rimosus 12,907 as an animal feed supplement.
Amino acid uptake in chickens subjected to increasing levels of quantitative food restriction.
Reactivity of glycerol in intermediate moisture meats.
Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin in gastric juice.
Carbon dioxide-protein interaction in a gas-solid phase.
A Nonproteolytic "Trypsin-like" Enzyme: Purification and Properties of Arachain.
Ficin-Catalyzed Reactions. Hydrolysis of alpha-N-Benzoyl-l-Arginine Ethyl Ester and alpha-N-Benzoyl-l-Argininamide.

Other Information

(IUPAC):	Atomic Weights of the Elements 2011 (pdf)
Videos:	The Periodic Table of Videos
tgsc:	Atomic Weights use for this web site
(IUPAC):	Periodic Table of the Elements
FDA Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS):	View
CHEBI:	View
CHEMBL:	View
Golm Metabolome Database:	Search
Metabolomics Database:	Search
KEGG (GenomeNet):	C00062
HMDB (The Human Metabolome Database):	HMDB00517
FooDB:	FDB002257
YMDB (Yeast Metabolome Database):	YMDB00592
Export Tariff Code:	2925.20.5000
FDA Listing of Food Additive Status:	View
MedlinePlusSupp:	View
VCF-Online:	VCF Volatile Compounds in Food
ChemSpider:	View
Wikipedia:	View
Formulations/Preparations: occurring naturally in the l(+) form. available as the glutamate and hydrochloride.

Suppliers

AIDP	Ajinomoto USA
Alfa Biotechnology	Anhui Haibei
Atlantic Chemicals	Augustus Oils
AuNutra® Industries	BOC Sciences
Charkit Chemical	ECSA Chemicals
ExtraSynthese	Foodchem International
Glentham Life Sciences	Graham Chemical
Indis NV	Jiangyin Healthway
Penta International	Pfaltz & Bauer
Pfanstiehl, Inc	Prinova
Sigma-Aldrich	Symrise
Tianjin Talent Chemical	United International
Augustus Oils Ltd	Charkit Chemical Corporation
Glentham Life Sciences Ltd	Jiangyin Healthway International Trade Co., Ltd
Penta International Corporation	Symrise AG
Qingdao Free Trade Zone United International Co Ltd

PhysChem Properties

Material listed in food chemical codex	Yes
Molecular weight	174.20397949219
Melting Point	238 to 244°C @ 760 mm Hg
Flash Point TCC Value	93.33 °C TCC
logP (o/w)	-4.2
Solubility
water, 1.82E+05 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)	Yes

Organoleptic Properties

Flavor Type: Sour
sour
General comment	Sour

Occurrences

Potential Uses

Applications	special dietary and nutritional additives
Other purposes	Antistatic agents, Hair conditioning, Skin conditioning
Cosmetic purposes	Antistatic agents, Fragrance, Hair conditioning, Skin conditioning

Safety Information

Safety information

Preferred SDS: View
European information :
Most important hazard(s):
None - None found.
S 02 - Keep out of the reach of children. S 24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Hazards identification

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS Classification in accordance with 29 CFR 1910 (OSHA HCS)
None found.
GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements

Pictogram

Hazard statement(s)
None found.
Precautionary statement(s)
None found.
Oral/Parenteral Toxicity:
oral-rat LD50 [sex: M,F] 12400 mg/kg (Breglia et al., 1973)
Dermal Toxicity:
Not determined
Inhalation Toxicity:
Not determined

Safety in use information

Category:
special dietary and nutritional additives
Recommendation for laevo-arginine usage levels up to:
	not for fragrance use.

Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-EU):		1000.00 (μg/capita/day)
Maximised Survey-derived Daily Intakes (MSDI-USA):		57.00 (μg/capita/day)
Structure Class:		I
Use levels for FEMA GRAS flavoring substances on which the FEMA Expert Panel based its judgments that the substances are generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
The Expert Panel also publishes separate extensive reviews of scientific information on all FEMA GRAS flavoring substances and can be found at FEMA Flavor Ingredient Library
publication number: 18. Update in publication number(s): 25
Click here to view publication 18
		average usual ppm	average maximum ppm
baked goods:		1400.00000	3000.00000
beverages(nonalcoholic):		60.00000	600.00000
beverages(alcoholic):		60.00000	600.00000
breakfast cereal:		600.00000	3000.00000
cheese:		1400.00000	3000.00000
chewing gum:		100.00000	500.00000
condiments / relishes:		2000.00000	5000.00000
confectionery froastings:		300.00000	500.00000
egg products:		1000.00000	2000.00000
fats / oils:		200.00000	600.00000
fish products:		1000.00000	2500.00000
frozen dairy:		1400.00000	3000.00000
fruit ices:		200.00000	600.00000
gelatins / puddings:		200.00000	500.00000
granulated sugar:		1.00000	20.00000
gravies:		1400.00000	3000.00000
hard candy:		200.00000	600.00000
imitation dairy:		1400.00000	3000.00000
instant coffee / tea:		300.00000	600.00000
jams / jellies:		300.00000	500.00000
meat products:		1400.00000	3000.00000
milk products:		1400.00000	3000.00000
nut products:		300.00000	1000.00000
other grains:		300.00000	2000.00000
poultry:		1000.00000	2000.00000
processed fruits:		60.00000	300.00000
processed vegetables:		300.00000	500.00000
reconstituted vegetables:		200.00000	400.00000
seasonings / flavors:		20000.00000	250000.00000
snack foods:		2000.00000	5000.00000
soft candy:		200.00000	600.00000
soups:		1000.00000	5000.00000
sugar substitutes:		200.00000	1000.00000
sweet sauces:		200.00000	500.00000

Safety references

European Food Safety Athority(EFSA):Flavor usage levels; Subacute, Subchronic, Chronic and Carcinogenicity Studies; Developmental / Reproductive Toxicity Studies; Genotoxicity Studies...

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reference(s):

Amino acids from chemical group 34 Flavouring Group Evaluation 26, Revision 1 - Scientific opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 29 (FGE29)[1] - Substance from the priority list: Vinylbenzene from chemical group 31 - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food (AFC)
View page or View pdf

Flavouring Group Evaluation 79, (FGE.79)[1] - Consideration of amino acids and related substances evaluated by JECFA (63rd meeting) structurally related to amino acids from chemical group 34 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.26Rev1 (2008)
View page or View pdf

Scientific Report of EFSA on the risk assessment of salts of authorised acids, phenols or alcohols for use in food contact materials [1]
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 96 (FGE.96): Consideration of 88 flavouring substances considered by EFSA for which EU production volumes / anticipated production volumes have been submitted on request by DG SANCO. Addendum to FGE. 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 76, 77, 79, 80, 83, 84, 85 and 87.
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of the use of amino acids (chemical group 34) when used as flavourings for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of L arginine produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum KCTC 10423BP for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 49, Revision 1 (FGE.49Rev1): xanthine alkaloids from the priority list
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of l-arginine produced by Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80099 for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of l-arginine produced by fermentation with Escherichia coli NITE BP-02186 for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Safety and efficacy of l-arginine produced by fermentation with Corynebacterium glutamicum KCCM 80182 for all animal species
View page or View pdf

Assessment of the application for renewal of authorisation of l-arginine produced by fermentation using Corynebacterium glutamicum NITE SD 00285 for all animal species
View page or View pdf

EPI System: View

ClinicalTrials.gov:search

Daily Med:search

Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System:Search

AIDS Citations:Search

Cancer Citations:Search

Toxicology Citations:Search

EPA Substance Registry Services (TSCA):74-79-3

EPA ACToR:Toxicology Data

EPA Substance Registry Services (SRS):Registry

Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary :6322

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Data

WGK Germany:1

(2S)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoic acid

Chemidplus:0000074793

RTECS:CF1934200 for cas# 74-79-3